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June 1985 

USA $4.00 

Canada $4.50 



A CWC/I PUBLICATION 



HOT HINTS 

For the 

MODEL 1000 

MODEL 4 
WINDOWS? 

Hardin Brothers 
Shows You How! 

DOS POWER 

How to Get More 
OutofLDOS 
And TRSDOS 6 

HUFFMAN CODE 

Shrink Your Files 
By 30 Percent! 

REVIEWED: 

DotWriter 
Better Basic 
NEWDOS/80 Utilities 
Super DM 
Remote Control 
Overdrive 
Electric Desk 

06 



m i c no 

the magazine for TRS80* users ,lg l0SS rtri m 
uiecn^j professional expe. 




as 



Over50Sure-Fire 

Tips for Better 
Computing 

ByDAVtjoWELL 




7A470"65947 




>ral calls 

[or it 
teachers 

|ng so out 

re going 

|eeze on 

\aii J r 






prt 

1 

CONFIG.SYS such « 
VICE=ANS1.SYS. 
. U answering date 

V ° Model HI users ma> 

f oie with the £»•£ 
ment. Beware of the Bas> 

Clever. To return to EN 

Si subroutine «J 

FAR Return command 

F „otR E T7asthemanua 

.Beware of lean 
agafnst the front of you. 

sSaker magnets are d 
hS the front of the pla 

haven't heard of any P 
Jar but you never Knos 

.'Tandy has changed 
pausion boards mech 
£ ch to the back pan 
3, modify boards 
the PC to W «> J» W 
by either cutting *« 
tab on the board fra 
^ by bending that a 
on an IBM ser.al 1 
works fine. 

. Did you ever wai 
Mate on an IBM PC- 
other PC-cornpat. 
with only 10 ftmcth 
is a modification ' 
You need a disk-ett 








RARING 
TOGO! 






The Tandy 200 is the one portable for all. 



Meet the New Generation 
of Portable Computing 

Our celebrated Model 100 set a 
new standard in portable comput- 
ing. Now we've done it again! Intro- 
ducing the Tandy 200, another true 
breakthrough, featuring advanced 
features you requested. You get 
more built-in software, a bigger 
screen and a larger memory. All this 
in a system that measures just 
2 1 /4 x 11 3 /4 x 8V2" and goes wher- 
ever you go because it's completely 
battery powered. 




Six Built-in Programs 
Including Multiplan™ 

For complex spreadsheet analy- 
sis and calculations, we put popular 
Multiplan software into the Tandy 
200's permanent memory. It's easy 
to do sales forecasts, profit and loss 
projections, budgeting, pricing, en- 
gineering calculations and more. 

Comes with Five More 
Powerful Programs 

An improved version of the Model 
100's easy-to-use word processing 
program makes the Tandy 200 es- 
pecially useful for journalists, sales- 
people, students and anyone who 
needs to write letter-perfect memos, 
reports and correspondence in a 
hurry. Edit, delete and move blocks 
of text with the touch of a conven- 
ient function key. 

Four other "instant-on" programs 
let you use the Tandy 200 as your 
personal appointment calendar, ad- 
dress and phone directory and tele- 
phone auto-dialer/directory (the 
Tandy 200 generates tone dialing 
pulses, so you can use it with long- 
distance services). A much more 
powerful built-in program for com- 
munications makes it easy to ac- 
cess other computers by phone, 
as well as national information 
networks. Resident BASIC 
language lets you write your 
own programs, too. 



Why 40 Columns Are 
"Bigger" than 80 

Take a look at the 80-column 
screens on other portables, and 
you'll see why we chose a 16 x 40- 
character format. Characters on 80- 
column displays are tiny and 
difficult to read. Tandy 200's flip-up 
liquid crystal display has 240 x 128 
resolution for big, clear graphics 
and easy-to-read characters. Tandy 
200 is the perfect take-along tool for 
word processing and spread- 
sheets—without eyestrain. 

We also increased the standard 
memory size to 24,000 characters, 
expandable to 72K. 

The Best in Technology 
for Under $1000 

Whether you're a student 
scientist, busy professional 
home computer user, the 
Tandy 200 is a smart invest 
ment. The Tandy 200 even 
has parallel printer, RS- 
232C, cassette and bar 
code reader interfaces 
for added versatility. You 
can even add disk stor- 
age and a monitor for 
a complete desktop 
computer system. 



Adopt One Today! 

Step up to the powerful software 
and impressive capabilities of the 
Tandy 200 portable computer for 
just $999 (26-3860). Best of all, the 
Advanced Technology Tandy 200 
represents the state of the art in 
performance, quality and price 
breakthrough (because we've intro- 
duced the latest technology for over 
60 years). Stop by your local Radio 
Shack Computer Center, or partici- 
pating Radio Shack store or dealer 
and "size it up" today! 

Prices apply at Radio Shack Computer 
Centers and at participating Radio Shack 
stores and dealers. Multiplan/TM Micro- 
soft Corp. 




Radio /hack 

The Technology Store 



A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION 
Circle 75 on Reader Service card 






yog? r ¥ 



/ 



/ 



/ 



/ 



s'S'S 



Circle 126 on Reader Service card. 



The Best Gets BETTER: 

JMG Now Offers FREE SHIPPING! 

In an effort to give our customers even better value for their software dollar, we have now eliminated shipping 
charges for all orders over $25 to the continental US or Canada. Simple. Except for an extra charge if you order 
by COD, there are no other charges at all. The price you see is the price you get. Someday, all dealers will 
sell this way, but for now you'll just have to stick with the best — JMG Software. 



NEW! 

«. inFOCOItY 

HITCHHIKERS GUIDE 
TO THE GALAXY 

Douglas Adams and Steve Meretzky have 
adapted Adams' best selling book into an 
interactive adventure game. Infocom has 
some great games, but this is one of the 
best! 

Model 3/4 only (unfortunately) $34.50 

ACCEL 3/4 Basic Compiler 

This compiler from Southern Software and 
Allen Gelder is one of the best; it compiles 
almost all BASIC commands, and produces 
fast machine language programs. 



ACCEL 3/4, Mod 1/3 Disk 



$89.50 



JMG has recently expanded its line with 
some excellent programs, and here is a 
run-down of the new guys on our software 
block: 



T/MAKER 

This integrated software package for the 
Model 4 combines word processing, spell- 
ing checking, spreadsheet, data base 
management, and graphics all into one 
package. An excellent over-all package, and 
a great price. 

T/Makar, Mod 4 only . . . . (List $299) $269.50 

ENBase 

This is a "relational data base manager" 
and what that all boils down to is a very 
powerful program. This will handle most 
any data base job you can throw at it, and 
more. 



ENBASE, Modal 1 or 3 



(List $140) $129.50 



DIS'n'DATa Dissassembler 

This is a dissassembler with a unique and 
efficient way of automatically separating 
data areas from machine language code. 
It's not 100% foolproof, but it is as close 
as you can get. 

DIS'n'DATa Model l/lll Disk $37.50 

DIS'n'DATa Modal 4 $46.50 

OTHERS: 

Disk Drive Analyzer, Model I $84.50 

Disk Drive Analyzer, Model 3/4 $74.50 

(Does what it says, list $89/579) 

PASCAL80 Model l/lll $69.50 

PASCAL80 lor CP/M $36.50 

(A well-praised Pascal Compiler) 
EDIT Mod l/lll from Allen Gelder $36.50 

(A full-screen editor for BASIC) 

SBE from Allen Gelder $94.50 

("Mid-level language compiler"...) 

VersaBusiness Series $89.50 

(AR. AP, Payroll & Inventory available) 
Versaledger II $134.50 

CNVBASIC lor Mod l/lll or 4 $27.50 

(Powersoft's entry in the conversion club) 
And there's more new stuff coming! 



LESCRIPT $94.50 

Our best selling word procesor, loaded with features (many not 
found elsewhere). 

Great printer support, ease of use, full Model 4 support, and 
much more! On a 128K Model 4 you can have over 90K of text 
buffer for use on a single file (not split into multiple buffers, like 
other WP programs do). Model 4 features also available while run- 
ning in Model III mode! The same program will run under most 
DOSes form TRSDOS 2.3 on a model I to OOSPLUS IV on a mod 
4! And at our low price, it's the best word processing value 
anywhere. 

LESCRIPT Models l/HI/4 (List $129.95) $94.50 



I 



ELECTRIC WEBSTER ... $119.50 

The best Spe'f-'^ che«. ker for TRS-80 computers; includes a 50,000 
word dictionary and integrates with most word processors. 
Features fast checking, interactive correcting, and the ability to 
add your own words to its dictionary. Not much more you can 
say about this program, just that it does the job and it does it 
very well. (Get it quick before the price goes up to $129.50) Specify 
computer & word processor when ordering. 

Electric Webster Model l/lll or 4 (List $149.95) $119.50 

E.W. Grammar or Hyphenation (List $49.95) $38.50 



W0RDPR0CESSING PACKAGE DEAL $199.50 

Buy both LESCRIPT and ELECTRIC WEBSTER together and save 
even more! These two programs work great together, so if you're 
getting into serious word processing this is the "first class" way 
to go. This is a special offer for, as they say, "a limited time." 

SAVE $80 OFF THE LIST PRICE!! 



KSoft's LOG and SUPERL0G 

Very versatile "Electronic Notebook" programs that allow you to ac- 
cess stored information at the touch of a key, even when running other 
programs. Keep notes, memos, lists, or other information in the 
instantly accessable "pages". SUPERLOG4 for the Model 4 also con- 
tains many advanced features and commands that will make you 
wonder how you ever lived without the program. 

LOG lor Model I or III $44.50 

SUPERL0G lor Mod I or III LD0S $99.50 

SUPERL0G4 for Mod 4 (List $119.95) $99.50 



D0SPLUS 3.5 and D0SPLUS IVa 

DOSPLUS is an excellent alternative to TRSDOS for Models l/lll and 
Model 4. As they say, it's "better, faster and stronger"; in this case 
stronger means more powerful. Both versions come bundled with 
many utilities that are alone worth the price. It won't leap tali 
buildings in a single bound, but it will do the next best ting, which 
is to make life a little easier for you. 

DOSPLUS 3.5 for Model I or III $ 59.50 

DOSPLUS IVa lor Model 4 (List $169.95) $119.50 



The Home Accountant $59.50 

A complete personal finance package. A thorough program; 
somewhat slow, but otherwise a very good package. 

Home Accountant, Model III only $59.50 



TAS Public Domain Disks 



These disks are a collection of quality public domain programs from 
all over. There's lots of stuff here, from games to utilities to 
applications and much more. Each disk is a "flippy" disk, and both 
sides are filled to the brim. 

Public Domain Disk Package, #1 to #4 $34.50 

Public Domain Disk Package, f 1 to f6 $49.50 

Single Disk (specify 1 to 6) $ 9.50 



jm 



THE SOURCE OF TRS-80 SOFTWARE! 

IF YOU BOUGHT YOUR SOFTWARE ELSEWHERE, YOU PROBABLY PAID TOO MUCH 

JMG is one of the largest sources for TRS-80 software around; we specialize in software for Models I, 
III and 4. Our prices are the best, and if you find a better price then we'll beat it (see below). As well, we 
support the programs we sell; we sell only top-quality software, and our 99% satisfaction rate speaks 
for itself. With the best prices, selection and support on your side, you can't lose Model 4 owners. ALL 
Model 3 programs we sell will work on the Mod 4 in "III mode". 



APPLICATIONS/BUSINESS 

Prognm Name (List) JMG 

DOTWRITER w/LDS ( 99. 95) $ 89.50 

P0WER00T II ( 59.50) S 49.50 

DATAGRAPH ( 79.95) $ 69.50 

Mumford's Disk Indexer ( 39.95) $ 34.50 

Howe's System Diagnostic ( 99.95) $ 89.50 

J&M's Disk Drive Analyzer - I ( 89.00) $ 84.50 

JAMs Disk Drive Analyzer • III ( 79.00) $ 74.50 

ENBASE Data Base Manager . . (140.00) S129.50 

POWERMAIL PLUS (150.00) $129.50 

POWERMAIL w/Txtmg (175.00) $149.50 

TAS'S ZMAIL Mail List ( 29.95) $ 24.50 

LESCRIPT (129.95) $ 94.50 

LESCRIPT CP/M (199.95) S149.50 

Z0RL0F II ( 69.95) S 49.50 

LAZYWRITER (125.00) $ 99.50 

TYPEITALL (129.95) S 99.50 

PowarScnpt (New Ver) ( 39.95) S 34.50 

ELECTRIC PENCIL ( 89.00) S 79.50 

TEXTPRESS ( 49.95) S 39.50 

ELECTRIC WEBSTER (149.95) $119.50 

E.W. Options (each) ( 49.95) $ 38.50 

Home Accountant ( 79.95) $ 59.50 

VersaLedger II (149.95) $134.50 

Versa Series (each) ( 99.50) S 89.50 



UTILITIES 

SUPER UTILITY 4/4P $ 69.50 

SUPER UTILITY 3.2 $ 59.50 

SUPERCR0SS XT S 94.50 

SUPERCROSS XT w/CnvBasic $112.50 

EDAS / PRO-CREATE $ 69.50 

ALE - Assem. Lang Editor $ 39.50 

M-ZAL Macro Assembler $ 79.50 

Mumlord's Instant Assembler $ 44.50 

Instant Assembler Model 4 S 59.50 

ZEN Assembler $ 34.50 

DSMBLR III / PR0-DUCE $ 23.50 

DISn' DATa l/lll $ 37.50 

0ISV DATa Mod 4 $ 46.50 

TASM0N Monitor l/lll or 4 $ 34.50 

Howe's Monitor #5 $ 19.50 

LC / PR0-LC Compiler $114.50 

PASCAL80 Compiler $ 69.50 

PASCAL80 for CP/M $ 36.50 

SBE Compiler S 94.50 

ACCEL 3/4- Compiler $ 89.50 

ZBASIC Compiler $ 79.50 

Model 4 Toolbar! $ 39.50 

PRO-ESP Utility set (Mod 4) $ 23.50 

6.2 Plus Enhancements S 36.50 

BAS 3-to-4 Converter S 24.50 

Lazycomm terminal $ 29.50 

DISK TERM Terminal $ 59.50 

MULTI00S Version 1.6 b $ 49.50 

MULTID0S Version 1.7 $ 79.50 

MULTI00S Model 4 S 89.50 



GAMES 



SUPREME RULER PLUS 
FLIGHT SIMULATOR . . 

NUCLIEX 

APE 



$26.50 
$29.50 
$14.50 
$14.50 
S 8.50 
$ 8.50 
$2650 



SIFTER SHIFTER 

BATTLE OF ZEI6HTY 

FOREST FIRE DISPATCH 

INF0C0M GAMES: 

• Standard Level" Each $34.50 

PLANETFALL WITNESS 

ENCHANTER HITCHHIKER'S 

' 'Intermediate Level" Each $39.50 

Z0RK II Z0RK III 

SORCERER INFIDEL 

'•Very Difficult Level" Each $42.50 

DEADLINE STARCR0SS 
SUSPENDED 



OTHER GOODIES: 

BOOKS: 

ROM ROUTINES Documented $16.50 

Model III Assembly Language $15 50 

Microsoft Basic Decoded $23.50 

TRSD0S 2.3 Decoded $23.50 

BASIC Faster & Better $23.50 

BFBLIB or BFBOEM Disks each $16.50 

BASIC Disk I/O F A B $23.50 

DFBLOAD disk $16.50 

DISKS: On a trial basis we are offering 
Wabash "Datatech" blank diskettes for sale. 
Lifetime guarantee, in soft box with labels 
etc. These are Single Side Oouble Density 
(other formats available). 
SSDD Wabash (10 pack) $15.00 



OUR NEW PHONE NUMBER: 
(416) 575-2867 

Use this number for ordering and for technical information. 
Phones are usually staffed Monday to Saturday, 10 A.M. to 
7 P.M. (No technical info on Wednesday.) 



OUR PRICING POLICY: 

We will beat any legitimate price advertised for any 
product that we carry. If you find a lower price 
advertised, our price will be S1.00 less, under the 
same conditions (eg. same shipping and other 
charges, etc). To receive the lower price you must 
mention the location of the other ad when ordering. 



A SPECIAL SALE: 

ALCORC Compiler $84.50 

ALCOR Multi BASIC Compiller $84.50 



NOW AVAILABLE: WARRIORS and 
WARLOCKS 

D + D type game. Call or write for details. 



TO ORDER: 

We accept orders by phone or mail. When order- 
ing please specify the Model of TRS-80 you own, 
the exact program(s) wanted, and the method of 
payment. We accept Check, Money Order, VISA, 
MasterCard. (For Electric Webster please mention 
your word processor.) (For Dotwriter & PowerOot 
mention your printer brand.) 



COMING SOON: 

Tandy 1000 and MS/DOS 



OUR GUARANTEE: 

We sell only top-quality software. If, 
however, you are unsatisfied with a product 
you have purchased from JMG. you may 
return it (in good condition) within 10 days 
for a refund, less a $2.50 handling charge 
for programs under $50 ($5.00 for programs 
over $50). We also ask that you send us a 
letter staling the reason for your return. 






THE FINE PRINT: 

Regular shipping in continental US and Canada Is 
FREE (our choice of method). COD orders add $2.50 
to cover COD costs. PO's accepted for gov't & schools, 
add $5.00 handling charge. Overseas orders will be 
charged actual shipping costs; specify surface or air. 
All prices subject to change without notice. 



3235 LOCKPORT ROAD 
NIAGARA FALLS, NY 14305 

OR 

710 UPPER JAMES ST. 

HAMILTON, ONTARIO 

CANADA L9C 2Z8 

Phone: (416) 575-2867 



Circle 2 on Reader Service card. 




X\\/IS YOUR PRINTER 

- TOO SHORT "0 

— --FOR YOUR g 

SPREADSHEET? 

LONGVIEW turns a VisiCalc (R) spreadsheet on its side 

so that DOTWRITER can print it down the paper instead 
of across. It gives you the effect of a 400-character wide 
printer (or even longer, if your spreadsheet is that big). 

The number of "rows" becomes the limit when you 
print this way: you can fit between 48 (Microline 92) and 
180 (C.ITOH 1550) rows across the page. 

LONGVIEW is an "add-on" to our Dotwriter system. It 

includes programs and three character sizes, and runs on 
48K-64K TRS-80 Models I, III, and 4/4P (native Model 4 
mode). Please see our ad later in this magazine for 
information and pricing on Dotwriter, and the printers we 
support. 

LONGVIEW is easy to use and comes with ready-to-run 
setups. First, tell VisiCalc to print your spreadsheet to disk. 
Next, rotate the file with LONGVIEW. Then, print it with 
Dotwriter. That's all there is to it. 

LONGVIEW $29.95 

nut include Dotwriter or V'.siC.oh? 



DOWNLOADABLE 
,:nj lhrj F ONTS3? 



We have dozens of high- resolu- 
tion, downloadable fonts for 
the Radio Shack DMP 2 1 OOP and 
the Epson LQ-1500. They include 
italics, cursive, headline, and other 
fancy typefaces. Each font disk 
includes programs to perform the 
download, and sample files to print 
them for you. 

The print quality of these fonts 
must be seen to be believed. 
ALLWRITE can load these fonts 
"on the fly" and give you right- 
justified, proportional printing. If 
you do not have ALLWRITE, you 
can pre-load a font and use it with 
any software, including BASIC 
(right-j ustification is only possible 
with ALLWRITE, however). 

Each disk contains at least eleven 
fonts and supporting programs. 
The disks cost $59.95 each, and we 



m 



offer substantial discounts to 
ALLWRITE owners. Please call or 
write to us for print samples, further 
information and pricing. Due to the 
specialized nature of this product, 
we recommend that you see the 
samples before ordering. Disk 
formats are available for TRS-80 L 
III, 4, and MS-DOS. ALLWRITE is 
available only for TRS-80. 

Information on these products is 
notavailableat our toll-free answer- 
ing service, so please call or write 
to our Technical Support group for 
details: 

(818)764-3131 

Box 560, No. Hollywood. CA 9 1 603 

P'.ease add $300 for shipping Calif residents add 
sales tax We accvpt M.' C, VISA, checks and C OX> 



PUBLISHER 
Peter Hutchinson 

EDITOR IN-CHIEF 
Eric Malnney 

MANAGING EDITOR I EDITORIAL) 
Peter E McKJe 

MANAGING EDITOR (PRODUCTION) 
Detxirah M Sargent 

REVIEW EDITOR 
Ryan Davis-Wright 

COPY EDITORS 

Robert Mitchell (New I'roductsl 
Penelope H.imblln 

TECHNICAL EDITORS 

Bradford N Dixon 

Mare-Anne Jarvela 

Keith .Johnson [Load HO) 

Dave Rowell 

Beverly Woodburv 

PROOFREADER 

Vinoy Laufihner 

EDITORIAL ADMINISTRATION 

Carole Macioci 

ASSOCIATE EDITORS 
Hardin Brothers 
David Engelhardt 
.John B Harr.ll III 

Terry Kr-pnrr 
Thomas L. yuindry 



ADVERTISING SALES 

SALES MANAGER 

William Smith 

SALES REPRESENTATIVES 

Richard J Aldan 

Michael Wosmak 

1 HUU44I 440H 

WEST COAST OFFICE 

lOHOMatsli Read 

Menlo Park. CA 94025 

415-32«-^470 

SALES REPRESENTATIVE 
Allsson Walsh 

ADVERTISING COORDINATOR 
Judy Walker 

ADVERTISING SECRETARY 
Cathy Herry 

MARKETING- PROMO I ION DIRECTOR 
Jane Buttcrfield 




The left bracket ;. replaces the up afro* used by Ran o 
Shack to indicate exponentiation on our printouts When en 
taring programs published in 80 Micro yoo should make t*.s 
change 

80 lormals its program listings to run 64-character s wide, 
the way they look on your video screen This accounts for 
the occasional wrap-around you will notice in our program 
listings Don't let It throw you particularly when entering as 
sembry listings 

Article submissions from our readers are welcomed and en- 
couraged inquires should be addressed to' Submissions Fd 
rtor. 80 Pine Street. Petertxxough. NH 03456 Include an 
SASE lor a copy of How to Write lor 80 Micro Payment tor 
accepted articles is made at a rate of approximately (50 per 
printed page, all rights are purchased 
•TRS-80. Scripsit. and TRSDOS are trademarks ol Radio 
Shack, a division of Tandy Corp 



80 Micro (ISSN -0744 7866' .s published monthly by CW Corn 
mumeat'ons. Peterborough Inc , 80 Pine St Pntnmorough 
NH, 03458 Phone 603 924 947' Second class postage pa.d 
at Peterborough NH, and additional mailing of" ces (Cana- 
dian second class mail registration number 9563 ) Subscr p 
tion rates in U.S are V24 97 lor one ,ear J38 lo- two years 
and S53 lor three yea's m Canada and Mex to $27.97— one 
year only, U.S. funds drawn on a U S bank. Nat rtn— ) j s 
tr.buted by International Circu ation Distributors Foreign 
subscriptions isurtace main $44 97 one year only, U S 
funds drawn onaUS bank Foreign subscriptions lair mall) 
please inquire In South Africa contact 80 Micro P U Sox 
782815 Sandton, South Africa 2146 Ai subscription corre- 
spondence should be addressed to 80 Micro. Subscript on 
Department, P.O. Box 981, Farmmgdale, NY "737 P.ease 
include your address labe 1 with any correspondence Post 
master Send address changes to 80 Micro. Subscription 
Services, PO Box 98'. Farmmgdale NY 11737 Send Cana 
dian changes of address to 80 Micro, P O Box 105' Fort 
Erie. Ontario L2A 5N6 Canada Return postage gua-anteed 



Entire contents '^copyright 1965 by CW Communications/ 
Petert-orough Inc. No part of this publication may be reprinted. 
or reproduced by any means, without prior written permission 
from the publisher. All programs are published lor personal 
use only All rights reserved. 



4 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



June 1985 




micro 




Over50Sure-Fire 



page 38 




On the Cover 



38. The Tandy 1000 Tip Sheet 

by Dave Rowell 

Our answer to Heloise offers helpful hints on everything from 

MS-DOS to DeskMate to printers. (Model 1000) 

48. Extra-Strength DOS 

by Keith E. Risler 

Advanced DOS features in easy-to-take capsule form. (Models 

III and 4: Load 80) 

54. Storage to Spare 

by Steve Woicik 

Clear your SuperScripsit disks of clutter and pack in more text 
files. Also— a SuperScripsit file recovery program. (Model 4: 
Load 80) 

60. Room Available 

by Stewart F. Hunter 

Witness the incredible shrinking ASCII file. (Models I and III: 

Load 80) 



pane 48 




Features 



74. Don't Be Late 

by Jack Wallace 

Critical path scheduling lets you get a handle on project time- 
tables. (Models I. III. and 4; Load 80; Models 1000 and 2000) 

82. Mutual Understanding 

by Hardin Brothers 

Finding points of agreement among editor/assembler source 

code files. 



Departments 


6. 


Load 80 Directory 


71. 


Tidbit #23 


8. 


Side Tracks 


90. 


Project 80 




by Eric Maloney 




by Roger C. Alford 


12. 


Input 


98. 


Basic Takes 


14. 


Feedback Loop 




by Richard Ramella 




by Terry Kepner 


102. 


The Next Step 


21. 


Pulse Train 




by Hardin Brothers 




by Bradford N. Dixon 


110. 


Spreadsheet Beat 


25. 


Reader Exchange 




by David A. Williams 


29. 


Reviews 


114. 


Express Checkouts 




edited by 




Electric Desk 




Ryan Davis-Wright 




Overdrive 




DotWriter 




Etch-A-Mouse 




Better Basic 




TRSDOS 6.X Training 




NE WDOS/80 Utilities 




Course 




Super DBM 


118. 


New Products 




Remote Control 




edited by 


58. 


Tidbit #21 




Robert Mitchell 


58. 


Tidbit #22 


128. 


Ask Tandy 



paw ';■; 



80 Micro. June 1935 • 5 




Load 80 gathers together selected 
programs from this Issue of 80 
Micro and puts them on a magnetic 
medium for your convenience. It Is 
available on tape or disk, and runs on 
the Models. I. in. and 4. 

Using Load 80 Is simple. If you own 
a tape system, load the Load 80 tape as 



per the instructions provided. If you 
own a Model I or III disk system, you 
boot the Load 80 disk and transfer the 
files to a TRSDOS system disk accord- 
ing to simple on-screen directions. If 
you own a Model 4. copy the Model 4 
programs from the Load 80 disk to 
your TRSDOS 6. X disk using the COPY 
command. 

If you have any questions about the 
programs, call Keith Johnson at 603- 
924-9471. Yearly subscriptions to 
Load 80 are $199.97 for disk, or $99.97 
for cassette. Individual loaders are 
available on disk for $21.47 or on cas- 
sette for $1 1.47. Including postage. To 
place a subscription order, or to ask 
questions about your subscription, 
please call us toll free at 1-800-343- 
0728 between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Or. 
you can write to Load 80. 80 Pine St.. 
Peterborough. NH 03458. 



Directory 



Setup 

Article: Extra-Strength DOS 
(P- 48). 

Systems: Model III. LDOS 5.X.X; 
Model 4. TRSDOS 6.X.X. 

This JCL file adds additional 
features to your LDOS 5.X.X7 
TRSDOS 6.X.X system disks. 
Cassette filespec: SETUP/JCL. 
Disk filespec: SETUP/JCL. 

Repair 

Article: Full Recovery (sidebar to 
"Storage to Spare." p. 54) (p.57). 
System: Model 4. 128K RAM. 
SuperScripsit. 

A file-recovery program lor 
Model 4 SuperScripsit. 
Cassette filespec: B. 
Disk filespec: REPAIR/BAS. 

Compress 

Article: Room Available (p. 60). 
Systems: Models I and III. 32K 
RAM. editor/assembler. Scripsit. 
Language: Assembly. 

Conserve disk space by saving 
your files in Huffman format. 
Cassette filespec: COMPRS. 
DCOMPR. 

Disk filespec: COMPRS/SCR 
(source code). COMPRS/CMD (ob- 
ject code). DCOMPR/SRC (source 
code). DCOMPR/CMD (object 
code). 

CPS 

Article. Don't Be Late (p. 74). 
Systems: Models I. Ill and 4. 32K 
RAM. printer optional. 
Language: Disk Basic. 

Develop timelines for important 

projects. 

Cassette filespec: C. 

Disk filespec: CPS/BAS. 



Driver 

Article: The Next Step (p. 102). 

System: Model 4. 64K RAM. 

TRSDOS 6.2. ALDS editor/ 

assembler. 

Languages: Assembly. Basic. 

Add windowing capability to 
your Model 4. 

Cassette filespec: DRIVER. D. 
Disk filespec: DRIVER/SRC 
(source code). DRIVER/CMD (ob- 
ject code). DRIVETST/BAS. 

Documenter 

Article: Spreadsheet Beat 

(p. 110). 

System: Model 4. 64K RAM. Mul- 

tiplan 1.06. 

Language: Basic. 

Print SYLK files in an easy-to- 
read format. 
Cassette filespec: E. 
Disk filespec: MULTPLAN/BAS. 
Converts 

Article Special to Load 80 
System: Model III, 32K RAM. 
Language: Disk Basic. 

onvcrt Assembly-language 
ce files from One assembler 
lr\\ 

espec: F. 
filespec: CONVERT2/BAS. 

TapeDisk. the Special Bonus 
program on the April 1 985 Load 
80. contains an error that pre- 
vents it from running properly. 
We Inadvertently omitted the 
last two Basic statements tn line 
530. To make the program run. 
add the following to line 530: 

COMD$(C) = "L ,- :C-C+ 1 
We apologize for the error.— Eds. 




ART DIRECTOR 
Beth Krommrs 

PRODUCTION SUPERVISOR 

Dion Owens 

PRODUCTION ASSISTANT 

George Gardos 

AD/GRAPHICS PRODUCTION 
Gary Ctocci 



GRAPHIC SERVICES MANAGER 

Dennis Chrtstensen 

MANUFACTURING MANAGER 

Susan Grose 

FILM PREPARATION SUPERVISOR 

Robert M Vllleneuve 



PRESIDENT 

Debra Wetherbee 

VICE PKKSIDKNT'FINANCE 

Roger Murphy 

ASSISTANT GENERAL MANAGER 

Matt Smith 

ASSISTANT TO VP/F1NANCE 

Dominique Smith 

DIRECTOR OF CIRCULATION 

William P. Howard 

( 1KCULATION MANAGER 

Frank Smith 

DIRECT AND NEWSSTAND SALES MANAGER 

Ralno Wlreln 

1-800-343-0728 

DIRECTOR OF CREDIT SALES 

AND COLLECTION 

William M. Bover 

EXECUTIVE CREATIVE DIRECTOR 

Christine Destrempes 

PUBLIC RELATIONS 

Mlchele Christian 

FOUNDER 
Wayne Green 



Cover photograph by Edward Jndice 
Photograph of Dave Rowell by Frank Cordelle 



80 Miao m a member of the CW Communicaiioni/lnc group, 
the world's large* pubkaher of computer-related ntormenon 
The group puMaftet 52 computer puba c atone m 19 may* 
countries Nine ma to n people read one or more ot the 
group* pubkeatone each month Mambsr s ol the group in- 
clude: Argentina's OirnpulerworWAroennria, Australia's Aus 
trade Ccanputsrwontt A ma - atari Micro Computer llaonrrw 
AussraSan PC WorU and Oractoma: BrazTs OsttMsws and 
AicroMundo. China s China Computarworu. Denmark's Com- 
piasraorUOenmar* and AecroVerden. Finland s aafcro. 
France's La Mono* mtormatqua. Gotten (Apple) and OPC 
(IBM). Germany's Compmarmxha, MkrocompuuruaM. PC 
1VM. Software Menu CW EdWorVSemhar. Computer Sue> 
nan and Commodore llepa nh e Daly's Cornpurenmrtd ttaba. 
Japan's CampularwjrM Japan and Parao ComWoriH Mexico's 
Comrxaerworkirmleiaoo and GompuMundo, Netherlands CW 
Benelux and MenVlnto. Norway's Compulerwortd Horga and 
M*roOata. Saudi Arabia's Saudi ComputerworU: Singapore % 
Tha Asian ComoutarworV. Spain's CornpulerworlovEapana 
and MKroSmtamas; Sweden's ComputarSwadan. M*wOalom. 
and Mas Hevndeftx the UK's Computer Management and 
Computer Suenees Europe, (he U S ' Computenwrtd. HOT 
CoCo. unCider. IMoWona: MacWodd Micro MarkatworU. PC 
World, Run, 73 Maoerme and BO Mcro 



Problems with Subscriptions Sand a description ot the prob- 
lem and your current and/or most recent address lo SO Micro, 
Subscription Department, P 0. Bo» 981. Farmingdaie. NY 
11737. 

Problems »nh Load 80 Circulation. Address correspondence to 
Load 80. 80 Pine St.. Peterborough, NH 03458 
Problems with AdverT/jers. Send a description of the problem 
and your current address to 80 Micro, Hi. 101 & Elm Street, Pe- 
terborough. NH 03458, ATTN ' Hita B Rrvard. Customer Service 
Manager If urgent, call 1-800-441-4403 
Change ol Address Send old label or copy of oM address and 
new address to: 80 Micro. P.O. Box 981, Farmingdaie. NV 
1 '373 Please give elghl weeks advance notice. 
Microfilm This publication Is available In microform from Uni 
verslty Microfilms International United States address- 300 
North Zeeb Road, Dept P R . Ann Arbor. Ml 48106. Foreign ad 
dress 18 Bedford Row. Dept PR , London. WCIR4EJ, Eng- 
land. 

Deafen Contact Ralno Wirem. Retail Sales Manager. 80 Micro. 
Pine St ., Peterborough, NH 03458. (800) 3430728. 



6 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



TRS-80 ™ - Tandy - IBM Personal Computer - MS-DOS - CP/M 



SMALL BUSINESS ACCOUNTING WITH PAYROLL $79.95 

Based on the Dome Bookkeeping Record #612. this program handles income, expenditures, and payroll for a small business Complete ledgers 
are maintained for income and expenses on a monthly basis. The program computes monthly, through last month, and year-to-date summaries. The 
payroll section can handle up to 99 employees Paychecks with up to six deductions can be entered whenever desired (weekly, monthly, etc ) The 
program can print both payroll and expense checks Quarterly and year-to-date payroll summaries can be computed for one or all employees 

HOME BUDGET and CHECKBOOK ANALYST $59.95 

A complete checkbook program together with budgeting income and expense analysis, comparisons, and projections First, it is a complete 
checking program enter and print checks, enter deposits, and compute your current checking balance The program also handles non-check expenses 
and income. It computes monthly and year-to-date income and expense summaries, and projections for the year based on data through a known 
month Monthly expenses can be compared to a pre-established Budget 

MAILING LIST $69.95 

Maintain mailing lists of up to as many names as you can fit on a standard diskette 11.250 for TRSDOS. 2.500 for MS DOS| Add. change, delete, or 
find names. Sort according to data m any field Print labels m l. 2. 3. or 4 columns with adjustable tabs 



TRS-80 " Models 1, 3, and 4 



TYPITALL Word Processor $129.95 TYPITALL with Spelling Checker $179.95 

The most powerful word processor for tne TRS-80S TYPITALI is upward compatible with SCRlPSlT — it reads your old SCRIPSIT files and uses the 
formatting and cursor movement commands you are already familiar with But it is a completely new word processor with so many advanced features 
that we can't even mention all of them bete You'll wonder why other word processors don't have some of these features 



• Send any control or graphic/ special character to the printer 

• Print the formatted text on the screen before going to the printer 

• Send formatted text to a disk file for later punting 

• Merge lata from a file during printing Names, addresses and other 
text can be inserted during punting No fK'txi 'or a separate program 
for "mail merge' capabilities! 

• Print while editing (spooling) 

• Assign any sequence of keystrokes I a single ntrol key 



• Call up to 16 help screens ai any time 

• Move cursor forwards or backwards by character, word, line or page 

• Reenter tne program with all text Intact If you accidentally exit 

without saving the text 

• Optional spelling checker tomes with 29.500 word dictionary Verify a 
3.500 word document m less than two minutes. 

• Tiue Model 4 (80 x 24 display. TRSDOS 6) and Model l/lll versions 



SYSTEM DIAGNOSTIC $99.95 

Is your computer working correctly ' Are you sure? Find out for certain with System Diagnostic which lias complete lests for every component of 
your TRS-80 Model 1 . 3. or 4 

ROM: checksum test RAM: three tests including every location and data value Video display: charade' generator video RAM, video signal 
Keyboard: every key contact tested Une printer: charade* tests with adjustable platen length Cassette recorder: <vad. write, verify data Disk 
drives: disk controller dnvr select, track seek, read sectors formatting, read/wnte/ verify data with or without erasing, disk drive timer, disk head 
cleaner Single or double density 1-99 tracks RS-232-C Interface: connector fault data transmission, framing data loop baud rate generator 

SMART TERMINAL $74.95 

The Intelligent I ommurncation program Use your TRS-80 to communicate with other computers, bulletin boards, information services, time sharing, 
or for data transmission Memory buffer holds data to be transmuted or received Automatic transmission of data from buffer Automatic storage 
of incoming data Character translations. Data files compatible with word processors and BASIC programs True BREAK kpy 

TRS-80' M MODEL III ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE book $16.95 

A conplete course on assembly language written for tfn beginner. Contents include the Z80 instruction set. TRS-80" Model III ROM and RAM. 
Using the Editor/ Assembler. Reading, printing and moving data, arithmetic Operations, floating point and BCD numbers, logical and bit operations, 
cassette input and output USR subroutines m BASIC. RS-232-C data communication disk input and output, the TRSDOS I 3 disk operating system 



TRS-80'" MODEL 



ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE MONITOR #5 $22.95 
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE book and MONITOR #5 $29.95 



A comprehensive machine language monitor and debugging program Display memory m ASCII or heaxdecimal format Disassemble memory to 
show machine language commands Move and compare blocks Search through memory for different values Modify memory in different ways 
Relocate machine language programs Read and write a v.erte tapes of machine language programs Unload programs in low RAM on disk Print 
output optionally on video display or line printer Save and load Jisk files Input and output of disk sectors, bypassing disk operating system 
Complete debugging package, including setting ar^d displaying registers, single stepping through machine instructions, setting breakpoints, and 
executing machine language operations 



HOWE SOFTWARE 

1 4 Lexington Ro^d 
New City. MY 10956 



Developing software for TRS 80 
computers since 19/9 



24-Hour TOLL-FREE Order Number 

Outside California call: 

|800| 428-7825, cxL 169 

Inside ( Jlifornid i all 
(800) 428 7824. exL 169 

Visa. Mastn ( aid or i OD cxdr'S only 



re* information tall ( l Pl 4) M4 1 8-? 1 
"uW. s ( iH' shipping una handling 
(SA00 foi i .KM, ia Alaska Hawaii 
5 : ' 00 riii mail postage •.rvrisr.w \ 
Nrv\ York residents .*J»i vales tax 

•'K-. ft \ .i liartrrrurt >l '.w»ty > orp 



SIDE TRACKS / by Eric Moloney 



Notes From 
A Model 4 Watcher 



Last summer, the Model 4 was on the 
brink of death. The people at Tandy 
were excited about the Model 1000, which 
seemed destined to replace its 8-bit older 
brother. The two units were simply too 
close In price to share a market— why 
would anyone pay for an obsolete 8-bit 
computer when, for Just a bit more, they 
could get an MS-DOS operating system 
and IBM compatibility? 

I was pretty depressed about the Model 
4's future back then, and In several edito- 
rials predicted the demise of the com- 
puter. 

But then the 4 found new life. Tandy 
officials, who had been harumphing and 
coughing into their hands when asked 
about the 4's future, made bold public 
commitments to the machine. Sales, by 
all accounts, improved significantly, and 
Radio Shack stores seemed to be moving 
4's faster than batteries. 

What gave the Model 4 its reprieve was 
Its dramatic drop in price, from $1,999 
originally to as low as $999 around 
Christmas. For a thousand bucks, you 
could get a plug-ln-and-use microcom- 
puter. The 4's price-performance ratio 
was hard to beat. 

Looking Forward 

Now the question is where Tandy will 
take the Model 4 from here. The company 
has kept the machine moving by cutting 
its price, and could possibly do so again. 
But there's another way to go: Tandy 
could make the 4 a better machine. 

With some exceptions, the Model 4 to- 
day is the same one Tandy introduced in 
June 1983. The green screen is its most 
significant change, and the only one that 
could truly be called an enhancement. 
The clustered arrow keys and reposi- 
tioned RS-232 come more under the head- 
ing of fine tuning (although anyone who 
has wrestled with a null modem adapter 
on an original Model 4 will certainly ap- 
preciate the latter). 

The New Model 4? 

That leaves lots of room for improve- 
ment. Here are some possible enhance- 
ments Tandy might want to consider: 
• A high-resolution graphics board. The 
Model 4 is a word- and number-crunching 
machine; its graphics, as we all know, are 




miserable. You can't even produce a de- 
cent line graph. And TRS-80 arcade 
games long ago went the way of the bron- 
tosaurus. 

The hi-res board would be a welcome 
feature. 80 Micro has a Model m hi-res sys- 
tem, and we're impressed by it. We've 
heard mostly good things about the Model 
4 board. It gives you 640- by 240-pixel res- 
olution, the same as the Model 1000 in hi- 
res mode. You also get BASICG. which 
we've found will easily adapt many GW- 
Basic programs. 

The hi-res board would make the Model 
4 appropriate for many new applications. 
The most obvious is business graphs, as 
evidenced by our cover story in April 
("Clear-Cut Trends." p. 40). CAD-CAM 
programs and arcade games represent 
other possibilities. 

As anyone with a hi-res board knows, 
the problem now Is finding software. But 
you can bet that if the board was stan- 
dard, the software would come. 
• Extra disk storage. Tandy has three op- 
tions here: more floppy disk storage with 
double-sided (and perhaps quad-density) 
drives, a hard disk, or both. In the first 
case, two-drive storage would increase 
memory from the current 360K to 720K 
(1.4 megabytes if the drives were quad 
density). 

Hard disks are no longer the luxury or 
novelty they once were, and they're inex- 
pensive enough to be included in com- 
puters as standard equipment. Witness 
the Model 1200, a $ 1 ,999 machine with a 
10-megabyte hard drive. 



• A full 128K random-access memory. 
The extra memory isn't critical for most 
Model 4 applications, but Multiplan and 
SuperScripsit users will tell you how val- 
uable the Memdisk option is in cutting 
down disk input/output and increasing 
execution speed. Tandy's DoubleDuty is 
another way to put the additional 64K to 
good use, by letting you load two inde- 
pendent programs and toggle between 
them. In fact, why not give users the 
128K. and include DoubleDuty on the 
TRSDOS 6.X disk? 

• Bundled software. Tandy has tradition- 
ally avoided bundling software (DOS and 
Basic excepted), although it did so for a 
while last year with the Model 4P. 

The argument against bundled soft- 
ware is that the consumer doesn't neces- 
sarily get the packages he wants. The 
alternative is free software. The consumer 
has a choice of, say. three programs from 
a list of 10. or receives a coupon for $300 
or so worth of software. 

Would a package that included, say. 
VisiCalc. Profile, and Scripsit help sales? 
How about a Model 4 version of DeskMate, 
the software that comes with the Model 
1000? Cest possible. 

• Bundled hardware. Why not? Tandy 
has already done it, earlier this year with 
the 2000, 1200. and 100. They called it a 
two-for-one sale: if you bought either of 
the MS-DOS machines, you got an 8K 100 
for free. They could sell the Model 4 and. 
say. the DMP-105 printer ($199.95 in the 
1985 catalog) as a package. Or how about 
a free 16K Color Computer 2. a $1 19.95 
value? 

• The first three of the above: the high- 
resolution board, a 10-megabyte hard 
drive, and 128K. Tandy could add $500 
or so to the list price and call it the Model 
4 Plus, an 8-bit version of the Fat Mac or 
IBM PC XT. 

Some of these enhancements are more 
the result of wishful thinking than of 
pragmatic analysis. In any case, the 
point is that Fort Worth must continue 
to modify and improve the Model 4 if 
Tandy wants the system to remain a vi- 
able product. 

Consumers always like more value for 
their money. Otherwise, they go looking 
elsewhere, as Tandy has already learned 
the hard way.B 



8 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Nostalgia 

Calftgroj 

I 

I)© 

CKdncer^ Medium 

ULY4 




CfiAIMIESO 



1 




INCISED TMJAN 

curfattG msm 
Pump lii i 

ROMAN 

BKEi/OfiliS 



Pretoria** 

ceLdc 

Playbill 






Qini @ubes 
Small Boldface 
Small Bold Italics 




Circle 91 on Reader Service card 



These were printed by DOTWRITER on an Epson MX -80. 




What You Can Do With 
DOTWRITER 4.0! 

Now available for the Model 4, too! 



DOTWRITER lets you create 
spectacular, eye-catching 
letterheads, catalogs, invita- 
tions, or even books. It is just what 
you need to turn your dot-matrix print- 
er into a versatile typesetting ma- 
chine. And it's available for the Model 
4 (yes. in native mode) as well as for 
the Models I and III. 

What is DOTWRITER? 

DOTWRITER uses the "bit-im- 
age graphics" of your printer to 
produce the kinds of stunning re- 
sults shown inside the box. It is a 

full-function text printing program, so 
you can inter-mix different character 
sets, do centering, paragraphs, pagi- 
nation, magnification, draw horizon- 
tal and vertical lines, reversals (white 
on black), and even print right-justi- 
fied proportional text. 

DOTWRITER includes the printing 
program, complete documentation, 
and fourteen useful sets of typefaces 
(60 to 90 characters in each set). We 
will include the 160 page Letterset Ref- 
erence Summary at half-price ($10.00) 
with your order. 

Tc use DOTWRITER, just write your 
text with any popular TRS-80 Word 
Processor, add the necessary format- 




ting commands, and DOTWRITER will 
do the rest. 

35 more disks are available 
separately. Each 
has 3-12 complete 
typefaces (60 -95 
characters in 
each set). 
These disks cost 
less than S25 each, 
and may be pur- 
chased at any time. 

If you want to create your own 
logos, modify our typefaces, or even 
design entirely new typefaces, then 
you will also want to order the "Letter- 
set Design System" (LDS). We offer LDS 
at half-price when you order it along 
with DOTWRITER. LDS operates in 
Model III mode on the Model 4. 

Versions are available for Epson MX-80 
with Graitrax, MX-100 with Graftrax-Plus, 
RX-80. FX-80. C. ITOH 8510' 1550, Microline 
84/92/93; Radio Shack's DMP series 200- 
2100, CGP-220 & Gemini 10X. 15X. Please 
specify printer and computer! 

Our print samples were done on an Ep- 
son. Sizes vary on other printers. Some of 
the samples shown here are taken from the 
additional Letterset disks. 

Two disk drives and at least 48K of mem- 
ory are required. LDS is not available in 
native Model 4 mode. 



Send for free print samples! 

We've only shown you a few of the 230 
DOTWRITER fonts. If you want the 
best in graphics printing, we suggest 
you order DOTWRITER today, toll-free. 

Please specify printer and computer 
when ordering. 



DOTWRITER 




(Models I. Ill) 


$79.95 


DOTWRITER (Model 4) 


99.95 


Letterset Design System 39.95 


Special: DOTWRITER 




and LDS 


99.95 


Additional Letterset 




disks (4-12 per disk) 


24.95 


Letterset Reference 




Summary 


20.00 



ORDER NOW. TOLL-FREE 
(800) 824-7888, oper. 422 

PRmm._ 

Dept. C. Box 560. No. Hollywood, CA 91603 
1818) 764-3131 Information and Same-Day Protesting 

TERMS V>SA MC cie:«s CCO f 1 easeadd S3 OC shippmq 
in U 5 or Canada S'5.00 averseas salestaxinCa 
Most oraers tilta) withm one flay 




The Premier Word Processor for 
Your TRS-80 Model I, III, or 4 




We are proud to offer you 
the one Word Processor 
that will satisfy all your 
writing needs: ALLWRITE. It sets 
new standards for text editing and 
printing, and will give new life to 
your TRS-80. Let us tell you why. . . 

In an attempt to push the public 
into expensive 16-bit computers, many 
manufacturers have been saying that 
the TRS-80 is obsolete. The truth is that 
the software, not the hardware, makes 
the difference. And the best word proc- 
essor of all is now available oniy on 
the humble TRS-80, not on those ex- 
pensive 16-bit machines! 

ALLWRITE is based on the proven 
methods that made NEWSCRIPT the 
most popular independently produced 
TRS-80 word processor, but it also has 
the speed and new features our cus- 
tomers have asked us for. ALLWRITE 
will save you time and let you produce 
the highest -quality, most professional- 
looking letters, term papers, and re- 
ports available on a micro-computer. 

Allwrite Can Save You Time! 

Reads a 25.000 character file (10 
printed pages) from disk in SIX SEC- 
ONDS... does a global search-and- 
replace in FOUR SECONDS . . . outruns 
even the fastest popular micro-printer. 



ALLWRITE' S Screen 

Handling Makes Word 

Processing Easier 

Than Ever 

Change text width at any time; 
wide lines shift left and right as you 
type. ALLWRITE preserves double- 
blanks between sentences, uses the 
entire screen for text, and displays a 
complete Status Screen at the touch of 
a key. Scroll by line, partial screen, full 
screen, to top or end of file, or to any 
marked point. Move cursor by charac- 
ter, word, tab, line, or screen. 

You can set and change on-screen 
tabs and store them on disk. The print- 
time tabbing features are incredibly 
versatile: they allow left, right, and 
centered tabs, and even line up your 
decimal points. 

ALLWRITE shows you where you 
forgot to turn off underlin- 
ing, boldface, italics, or 
double-width. Special on- 
screen Preview feature 
shows page breaks and 
page layouts . . . including 
underlining and boldface 
. . . without annoying blink- 
ing or screen flicker. In 
"Summary" mode, ALL- 
WRITE quickly flags for- 
matting errors without 



These were punted by ALLWRITE; 
shown 20% actual size. 

wasting time printing all the text. 
These standard features make docu- 
ment preparation faster and easier 
than ever! 

State-Of-The-Art 
File Handling 

There is no upper-limit on docu- 
ment size with ALLWRITE, because it 
chains files backwards as well as for- 
wards, even across diskettes. Switch 
from one chained file to another in less 
than six seconds by pressing two keys. 
Select portions of other files for inclu- 
sion at print time... great for stock 
paragraphs. 

ALLWRITE salvages text from bad 
disks! If a sector goes bad, you won't 
lose the entire file, because it will skip 
bad sectors, read the rest of the file. 



TAKES FULL ADVANTAGE OF YOUR 
MODEL 4. 

The model 4 version of ALLWRITE uses 
the entire 80-by-24 screen. On a 64K ma- 
chine, you can edit over 34,000 charac- 
ters of text. On a 128K machine, you can edit 
THREE FILES AT THE SAME TIME! The 
second and third files can be over 32,600 char- 
acters each, for a total of almost 100,000 
characters of text in memory. 



and then show you where the lost text 
belongs. This advanced error recovery 
turns a disaster into a feeling of pro- 
found relief. 

User-Definable Soft Keys 
Reduce Typing Time 

You can store 22 phrases or com- 
mands at a time into "soft-keys," then 
press just two keys to retrieve them. 
This makes frequently-used phrases 
and formatting controls a snap to use. 
You can store these definitions on disk 
and build a library of hundreds of pre- 
programmed keys to fit every one of 
your applications. 

Our specially-designed templates 
fit right on your keyboard to let you see 
your settings at all times. Each tem- 
plate is also a Reference ("Cue") Card, 
so it is always right in front of you 
when you need it, without using up 
valuable screen space. 

ALLWRITE Is Easy To Learn 

ALLWRITE's commands and con- 
trol keys are easy to remember be- 
cause they use the first letters of 
common English words: CE' stands for 
'Center,' 'Search' and Replace' do just 
that, and so forth. The on-line HELP 
menu offers over fifty screens of topics. 

NEWSCRIPT's documentation was 
acclaimed in every review, and 
ALLWRITE's 350-page book is even bet- 
ter. Portions of it are designed for be- 
ginners, with every feature clearly 
explained in step-by-step tutorial 
style. Since you won't always be a be- 
ginner, other parts of the book offer ad- 
vanced topics. There is a cross- 
reference summary chapter, a 14-page 
comprehensive index, and a detailed 
Table of Contents. We've been devel- 
oping computer programs and man- 
uals for over 20 years, and understand 
the importance of good documentation. 

To make installation easy, we in- 
clude Tiny DOSPLUS for the Models I 
and III, and special, pre-tailored ver- 
sions of both TRSDOS 6.2 and DOS 
PLUS IV for the Model 4, all at no extra 
charge. The Model I and III versions 
work equally well with all major 
DOS's. 

PROSOFT'S On-Going 
Customer Support 

Perhaps the best reason of all for 
having ALLWRITE is the continuing 
support we offer you: friendly, expert, 
direct support that is unsurpassed in 
the micro-computer industry. There is 
no time limit to our support: if you are 
our customer and you need help, just 
call or write. We give free updates for 
90 days, and charge little or nothing 
for minor updates thereafter. 



Customer Comments 

"This is the best software package I 
have ever received . . .superb, easy to 
use. fast, and has more features than 
the business word-processor at the 
office!' (E.B.I.) 

"ALLWRITE is a professional system 
that sets a new standard in word pro- 
cessing. It's powerful and easy to learn 
and use." 

80 MICRO. Nov.. 1984 

"Your company and products have 
to be one of the strongest factors 1 can 
think of for keeping me with the 
TRS-801" (J.FUU 

"NEWSCRIPT is the Cadillac of word 
processors. ALLWRITE is the Mercedes 
Benxl!" (B.E.) 

"...a very readable manual." (D.S.) 



BENEFITS OF OWNING 
* * ALLWRITE * * 



// Word Processing is important to 
you, PROSOFTs ALLWRITE is the best 
choice you can make. The clean, pro- 
fessional appearance it adds to your 
letters and reports will make an excel- 
lent impression on people. We will be 
happy to send you free print samples 
so that you can see for yourself how 
good ALLWRITE will make you look. 

You probably know that quality 
word processors for CP/M and the IBM- 
PC sell for S300-500, and they don't 
have ALLWRITE's capabilities or speed 
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support. Now, for a fraction of the cost 
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Note to college students: with its 
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features, ALLWRITE is ideal for your 
reports and Term papers. 

Circle 30 on Reader Service card. 



HUNDREDS OF USEFUL 
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having that ability; powerful Form Let- 
ter and Mailing Label preparation; In- 
stant counts of words, characters, 
lines, changes; block Move, Copy, De- 
lete, Putfile, Getfile, and List; delete 
by character, word, line, sentence, 
paragraph, or block; insert and one- 
key insert; great RS-232 printer sup- 
port; accepts all 256 ASCII codes from 
keyboard; intermix pitches on same 
line (printer-dependent); 1.5 line spac- 
ing, 6, 7, 8, 12 lines per inch (printer- 
dependent); does multiple-columns on 
all printers; perfect alignment of hang- 
ing indents; variables, logic state- 
ments, conditional printing; wildcard 
Directories; integrated with Electric 
Webster and DOTWRITER for Models I. 
III. and 4 (these are sold separately); 
"Legal" line numbering; paragraph, 
list, and figure numbering; supports 
most popular printers (all "printer driv- 
ers" included); compatible with high- 
memory drivers; fully explains all 
DOS and ALLWRITE error messages; 
wildcard search-replace; tabs, search- 
replace, other settings remembered 
across files; word reversal; up to nine 
levels of boldface; flexible page titles; 
footnotes at bottom of page or end of 
document; Table of Contents and In- 
dex generation; and PROSOFTs un- 
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capabilities. 



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INPUT 



Bonjour, TRSDOS 

The first issue of your publication that 
I received as a substitute for the can- 
celled TRS-80 Microcomputer News 
contained Andy Levinson's brilliant ar- 
ticle "Patch Work" (January 1985. p. 
112). 1 sincerely hope Andy continues 
this, as there is more to fix on TRSDOS. 

Listen all you TRSDOS 1.3 owners: Ra- 
dio Shack has issued 1 1 customer service 
bulletins since the May 1 . 198 1 , release of 
1.3. Apparently, only Radio Shack stores, 
not registered owners, get them; at least, I 
didn't receive any. After seeing the bulle- 
tins in a store, I wrote to Fort Worth and 
got copies. If you don't have them, go to 
your Radio Shack store and copy them. 
Some patches are just typo corrections, 
but others are important. 

Henry H. Herrdegen 

Windsor, Ontario 

Canada 

What's Up, Doc? 

I stand up in defense of 80 Micro's au- 
thors and programmers. I found Alain 
Cirkovic's Easydata program (December 
1984, p. 72) easy to understand and use- 
ful. However. I did have a couple of prob- 
lems that prompted me to write Cirkovic. 
I received back a copy of the unedited ver- 
sion of the documentation. These instruc- 
tions answered all my questions except 
one. Had you printed them as submitted, 
I, for one. would not have experienced the 
frustration of not understanding parts of 
the documentation. 

Tom Johnson 
Beavercreek. OH 

Electric Plug 

We've made some changes in Electric 
Webster since Terry Kepner reviewed 
the Model 4 version (March 1984, p. 
116). One change applies to the Model 4 
version only: After proofing a document. 
Electric Webster now prompts, "Press 
<B> to make back-up or < enter > to 
replace document file." In either case, 
the original file name becomes the cor- 
rected text. 

All other changes apply to the Models 
I, III, and 4 versions. The standard ver- 
sion now integrates with word process- 
ing programs the same way the 
correcting version does. In place of the 




correcting menu, it displays a menu 
with the option of sending the list of er- 
rors to a printer. 

We've eliminated virtually all renam- 
ing when you install Electric Webster. 
Hyphen/EW remains Hyphen/EW. The 
new Install/CMD program handles in- 
stallation. The Model I/III version now 
comes In TRSDOS 1.3 format on one 
side, and in DOSPLUS double-density 
format on the other, eliminating the 
need for conversion for most users. 

The grammatical checking feature is 
now available as an independent pro- 
gram. Also, Tandy will be offering Elec- 
tric Webster through its Express Order 
Software service. 

Philip Manfleld, President 

Cornucopia Software 

Albany, CA 

The Price You Pay 

I found Patrick B. Anderson's note to 
80 Micro (February 1985. p. 12) interest- 
ing, particularly the part about the IBM 
PC costing less than his Model III. The 
lowest price I've seen for the PC is still 
$900 more than I paid for my Model 4P 
with 128K. I can bear to lose a little word 
processing efficiency for $900 in my 
pocket. 

E.A. Morris 
Sparta, NJ 

Cut-Out 

As I was looking through my 1984 
back issues of 80 Micro, I saw there were 
no Reader's Choice awards last year. 
Have they been canceled like so much of 



the other good stuff you used to carry? 
Will you publish 1985 Reader's Choice 
awards? 

John C. Fowler 
Los Alamos, NM 

We've canceled the Reader's Choice 
awards because it's almost Impossible 
to cover all of the Tandy/TRS-80 sys- 
tems adequately. 

—Eds. 

Pronoun Protest 

There has been a lot of publicity about 
the lack of females in computer fields, so 
I was disappointed with the introduction 
to the Young Programmer's awards in the 
February issue (p. 49). I draw your atten- 
tion to this sentence: "We wanted docs 
that would easily lead the user through 
the program, telling him what he needed 
to know to run the program and anticipat- 
ing any questions he might have." 

I would suggest this alternative word- 
ing: "We wanted docs that would easily 
lead the user through the program, ex- 
plaining the program while anticipating 
any questions that might arise." 

80 Micro should strive to be a leader in 
encouraging women to participate in all 
phases of computer use. 

Betty Burnett 
Emeryville, CA 

80 Micro uses the male pronoun by 
default; the alternatives offer no satis- 
factory solution. We could use "her," 
but that Is no less sexist than using 
"him"; we could use the neutral 
"their," but that is grammatically In- 
correct; we could use "his/her," but 
that's awkward and verbose; we could 
use "user," but that Is formal and 
stilted; we could rewrite the prose as 
you did, but at some point we would 
have to refer to a person. In the end, we 
follow journalistic convention and go 
with the male pronoun. Fortunately, 
people generally understand that this 
is a term of convenience rather than a 
purposeful bias. 

—Eds. 



Send correspondence to Input, do 80 
Micro. 80 Pine St., Peterborough, NH 
03458. 



12 • 30 Micro, June 1985 






Check these features: 

Talker 2.0 and Talker 4.0 software: 

Unlimited translation of English text to 

clear speech. 

Powerful video or keyboard echo can be 
. switched on or off at any time. 
H Can be used in BASIC with 2 new commands: 

PRINT* "I can talk" speaks any expression. 

PRINT! "Hello" speaks and prints on screen. 
Qj Reads numbers up to 999 trillion. 
Bf Speaks many abbreviations, such as Mrs., 

Mr., lb., oz., Co., etc. 
D Walks the dog. 
Hf Many control codes to tailor the system to 

your wishes. (Pitch, speed, etc.) 
Only 6V4K long. 
[?f Talker relocates itself into available high 

memory. Compatible with any DOS (not CPM) 

The VS-1 00 hardware : 

[?f Same performance as very expensive units. 

Ef Super efficient: About 50 bytes per sentence. 

Of Handsome speaker module included. 

B4 Detailed 48 page manual. 

El Ready to plug in and talk right away. 

Si Uses the famous Votrax SC-01 with 4 pitch 

levels and automatic inflection. 
[?f Built in audio amplifier with volume control. 




with the vs-100 voice synthesizer 




The VS- 100 system. (Model I shown) 



69 



95 



Includes 
-VS-100 synthesizer 

- Speaker 

- Power supply 

- Manual 




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Model 4P needs short 50 pin extension cable 1 4.95 

TEXT-TO-SPEECH SOFTWARE 

• Talker 2.0 for Models I and III 

On disk only 29.95 

• Talker 4.0 for Model 4. Includes Talker 2.0 
for Model III mode. On disk only 39.95 

• Text-to-Speech for tape users 1 9.95 

Small Print:* Model I unit plugs into keyboard or expansion 
interface 40 pin bus •Model III.4.4P unit plugs into 50-pin I/O bus 
Model III VS-1 00 works with Model III.4.4P Use our'Y-cables" (see next 
page) if your bus is already used. 



The VS-100: You've never had so much fun with your TRS-80 



ft 



Doctor SIGMUND 



93 



will amaze you! 

See Artificial Intelligence at work! 

If you want to show off your computer, run "Doctor SIGMUND" and see their 
expressions as your TRS-80 has an intelligent conversation with you. 
If you have a VS-100 voice synthesizer, Sigmund actually talks back to you 
Even YOU will be impressed $29.95 
Doctor SIGMUND, for Models I III and4 (48K required): available on disk only 





Circle 17 on Reader Service card 



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FEEDBACK LOOP / by Terry Kepner 



Send your questions or problems 
dealing with any area of Tandy/Radio 
Shack microcomputing to Feedback 
Loop, 80 Micro. 80 Pine St.. Peterbor- 
ough. NH 03458. 

9q How do you disable the Model 4's 
• break key? Also, how do I get the 
computer to load a directory from Basic? 
(Scott Pierce. N. Little Rock. AR) 

A 9 So far, Radio Shack has released 
• five versions of Model 4 TRSDOS. 
each different from the others in impor- 
tant machine-code locations. This 
makes it almost impossible to find a 
POKE to disable the break key at the 
DOS level. Fortunately. TRSDOS in- 
cludes a command that makes a POKE un- 
necessary. Type in SYSTEM (BREAK = 
OFF) at DOS ready and the computer 
will ignore the break key. 

If you're already in Basic, use SYS- 
TEM "SYSTEM (BREAK = OFF)". That 
should disable the break key without in- 
terrupting your program. Similarly, to 
get a disk directory from within Basic, 
type in SYSTEM "DIR" as one program 
line. To return to DOS ready, type in 
SYSTEM as the program's last line. 

9 # In the August 1984 Feedback 
• Loop (p. 18) you told Mario Ca- 
mou that a few Radio Shack disk drives 
don't support double-density operation. 
I'd appreciate some elaboration. I have a 
Model I with an Aerocomp double-den- 
sity add-on. My drive 1 (Radio Shack cat- 
alog number 26-1160) has 35 tracks; 
drive zero (catalog number 26- 1161) has 
40 tracks. I can read double-density 
disks in drive zero but not in drive 1 . Is 
there a way I can determine if drive 1 is 
one of those few single-density drives? 
(Ed Weiner. Huntington Beach. CA) 

A 9 First, use the CONFIG or System 
• command (depending on your 
DOS) to slow the track-to-track stepping 
rate to 40 milliseconds or more. It's possi- 
ble the drive can't keep up with the DOS at 
faster speeds in double-density mode. 

If drive zero writes as well as reads 
double-density disks, format a double- 
density disk, store data on it, then put 
the disk in drive 1 and try to read it. If 
you have a disk-zapping utility such as 
Super Utility Plus, use that to access the 




disk in drive 1. If your DOS or the disk- 
zapping program still can't recognize 
the double-density disk, then drive 1 is 
indeed single density only. 

9 # On my old Model III, I loaded 
• SuperScripsit using the Auto 
command, resetting the computer to by- 
pass the date and time prompts. How- 
ever. I recently bought a Model 4P and 
got an 80-column version of Super- 
Scripsit. and I find I can no longer bypass 
the date prompt by pressing the reset 
button. The DOS manual says you must 
enter the date before any automatic 
loads; is there a way around this? (Mark 
Headlee. Edinburgh, Scotland) 

A^To turn off the date prompt, boot 
• up your system disk, type in 
SYSTEM (DATE = OFF) and use the SYS- 
GEN command to save the new config- 
uration to disk. The next time you boot 
up the disk, your computer won't dis- 
play the date prompt and your Auto se- 
quence will execute immediately. 

94 For over five years, our company 
• has been involved in developing 
and marketing a software package that 
goes by the general name of Computer- 
Aided Transcription. Our software has 
run on the Models I. n. 12. and 16. When 
the Tandy 2000 came out, we converted 
the program for this computer. Some type 
of error in the 2000's hardware or in MS- 
DOS causes the loss of all free space on a 
hard or floppy disk; apparently this hap- 
pens when writing a file to disk. 

For example, if you have 9 megabytes 
of free space on hard disk and you write 



a 5000-byte file, you've suddenly lost all 
9 million bytes of space. The file you're 
writing is destroyed in the process. 

When reading and writing files to or 
from hard disk, our software uses MS- 
DOS's function calls 14, 15. 21. and 22 
hexadecimal (hex). We know the prob- 
lem isn't with our program because a 
Radio Shack dealer has had the same 
problem running Tandy software on a 
floppy disk. You can recover the lost disk 
space using the DSKCHK program, but 
users who spend hours editing large files 
lose their work each time this happens, 
and it happens frequently. 

Are you or any of your readers aware 
of the problem? Do you know of any 
work-around procedures or program- 
ming methods to alleviate it? (Maurice 
Fowler. Innovative Software Co., Hous- 
ton. TX) 

Al Sorry. I haven't heard of the 
• problem. Have you cleared all 
the CPU registers, set the flags to normal 
states, set the necessary entry condi- 
tions, and made sure the stack is clean? 
Perhaps some garbage in the registers 
causes the trouble. Also, make sure 
you're getting the service call addresses 
out of the Tandy 2000 programmer's ref- 
erence manual and not out of an IBM 
MS-DOS reference book. Tandy's MS- 
DOS call addresses differ from those of 
the IBM. Can anyone else help? 

90 After trying Eric Burstein's 
• "More 4P Storage" hint (Reader 
Exchange, July 1984. p. 32). I had to let 
you know about my experience with for- 
matting 42 tracks. I was able to format 
my disks for 42 tracks on a Model III us- 
ing DOSPLUS 3.5 (Burstein used 
TRSDOS). It worked perfectly until I had 
my drives aligned. When I got them 
back, none of my drives could read any- 
thing on the 41st or 42nd tracks. 

Radio Shack's explanation was that 
they support only 40 tracks, and that 
they aligned the drives within specifica- 
tions for a 40-track drive. They also said 
they couldn't do anything else, since 
they'd never heard of getting 42 tracks 
out of a 40-track drive. It seems to me 
that if a drive read 42 tracks before ser- 
vicing, it should certainly read 42 tracks 
after alignment. I've been unable to find 



14 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Newclock-80 $69.95 

The right time at the right price! Keep the time and date with quartz accuracy, 
even when your computer is off The backup lithium battery (included) will last 
for over 2 years. Software on tape or disk, please specify. Use "Tl M ESET" once 
to set the clock. Use "SETCLK" to set your computer's internal clock (at power 
up) or use "TSTRING" so that the "TIMES" function reads the Newclock. 
Connection: Model I plugs into the keyboard or expansion interface Model III plugs into the 
50-pin I/O bus Compatible with all operating systems. 




Printswitch $59.00 

Do you have 2 printers? Get a Printswitch. Stop plugging and unplugging 
those printer cables With the Printswitch, you can have2 printers connected to 
your computer and you can select either one at the flick of a switch. Works with 
any printer, plotter, or device that uses the parallel printer port. Simply plug the 
14 inch Printswitch cable into your computer, and plug your existing printer 
cables into the Printswitch. This is the nicest unit on the market. Superior quality 
board with gold plated edge connectors. For Models I, III, 4 and 4P 

Alpha Joystick $27.95 

When it's time for fun, don't be without your Alpha Joystick. Do you know 
that most action games are Joystick compatible? Stop pounding on your 
keyboard and enjoy real arcade control. The joystick can also be used with 
BASIC programs; simply do J= I N P(0) to read the joystick position (8 directions 
and fire button) Model I: plugs into keyboard or expansion interface. Model III. 
4and4P: plugs into 50-pin I/O bus. The Alpha Joystick comes fully assembled 
and tested, ready to plug in and enioy. (Specify Model I, or Model III.4). 

lnterfacer-80 $159.00 

Low cost input and output device. The outputs consist of 8 relays (rated 2 
Amp @1 25V), easily controlled using "OUT" commands. For example, OUTO.O 
turns all the relays off. Eight LED's show the states of the relays. The 8 inputs 
are optically isolated, so it's safe and easv to connect external devices 
(switches, sensors, thermostats, etc.). Simple "IN P" commands read the inputs 
Connection Mod 1: 40 pin bus Mod III. 4. 4P: requires 50-pm I/O bus converter ($39.95) plugs 
into 50-oin I/O bus Comes complete with power supply, cable and detailed manual 
(Up to 8 interfacers can be connected to vour TRS-80 using our Y- cables) 

Analog-80 $139.00 

8 channel 8 bit Analog to Digital converter. Your TRS-80 can read voltages, 
temperatures, pressures, light levels, etc. • Input range: to 5.1 Volts 
• Resolution: 20mV. • Conversion time: 1 20 microseconds. In BASIC, you can 
take up to 1 00 readings per second. • Port address: selectable. Up to 8 Analog- 
80's can be connected to your TRS-80 for a total of 64 channels! 
Connection Model I: 40 pin I/O bus Model III 4. 4P: requires 50-pin bus adapter ($39 95) 
Comes complete with power supply, cable, and manual. 



Special Cables 

Disk drive extender cable (8")...C160:$9.95 

Y-CableforModlbus(40pin): «X2-40 $29 •X3-40 $44 »X4 $59 •X5.S74 
Y-Cable for Mod 3 & 4 bus (50-pin): •X2-50...S34 «X3-50 $49 «X4-50 $64 
Disk drive cable (34 pin): •2-drive..C162:$32 •4-drive..C163:$45 
Extension cable 4 foot: • For printer and drive (34-pin)...C165:$22 

• For Mod I bus (40-pin). .,C1 67:$24 • For Mod 3 & 4 bus (50-pin) ..C1 69: $28 
Keyboard to E/l (40-pin. 8")..C161 :$21 If this is confusing send for our Cable Flyer 

Our cables are made with high quality gold plated connectors to ensure utmost reliability 





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2) All our products are tested on a TRS-80 and 
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Green Screen $1 2.50 

Do your eyes a favor, put on a green 
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ALPHA 

79-04 Jamaica Ave. Woodhaven. NY 11421 



(718) 296-5916 



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FEEDBACK LOOP 



a solution and would appreciate any 
help you can provide. (Robert E. Rach- 
low, Louisville. KY) 

Al The problem is with the stepping 
• motor that maneuvers the drive 
head across a disk. The stepping motor 
is designed to have 40 stops, but fre- 
quently it has more, to give the manu- 
facturer room for error. 

To set the motor's alignment, you 
measure everything from the track zero 
position. A track zero detect switch sets 
track zero. So you step the motor back- 
wards, which moves the drive head 
toward the disk rim until the drive head 
hits the track zero detect switch. Then 
you step the head forward until it 
reaches track 40, normally the last po- 
sition possible for the stepping motor. 

In your case, your stepping motor had 
two positions left when it reached track 
position 40, letting you step it further in 
to use those extra tracks. During align- 
ment, the technician turned the drive 
motor and repositioned it so the last po- 
sition became track 40. The extra posi- 
tions are now beyond track zero's 
position, and are unusable because the 
track zero detect switch prevents the 
motor from moving closer toward the 
disk rim. Your upper tracks. 41 and 42. 
are now beyond the motor's reach. 

The only solution is to realign the 
drive-stepping motor. You'll need an os- 
cilloscope, an alignment disk, and a 
technical repair manual for your disk 
drive. If you don't know how to realign a 
drive, find an independent drive-repair 
technician to do the Job for you. 

9 # In February 1985 (p. 16), you 
• printed a question from C.G. 
McProud about using 4164 chips in 
place of the 4416s commonly found in 
the Model I. Coincidentally. we ran an 
article on this very subject in Vol. 5. No. 
8 of Northern Bytes. We reprinted the 
article from the Sydney (New S. Wales. 
Australia) TRS-80 User's Group News- 
letter. 

If any of your readers are interested in 
this hardware modification. I'll be happy 
to send a copy of this issue if you send a 
mailing label (not an envelope) with your 
address and 60 cents to cover postage. 

In the same issue. James Criscimagna 
asked how to get TRS-80 block graphics 
on an Epson RX-80 printer (p. 19). 
Northern Bytes' Vol. 6. No. 1 contains a 
routine for the FX-80 that I suspect 
works with the RX series as well. The 
same offer applies to any readers who'd 
like a copy of this issue. (Jack Decker. 
Editor. Northern Bytes. 1804 W. 18th 
St.. Lot #155. Sault Ste. Marie. MI 
49783.) 

A 9 Northern Bytes isn't exactly a 
• commercial publication, but it's 



not just a computer club newsletter ei- 
ther. It's a promotional publication for 
The Alternate Source's customers that 
also exchanges newsletters with TRS-80 
user's groups. 

90 After adding a Radio Shack dou- 
• ble-density adapter to my Model 
I, I find I'm having trouble upgrading my 
software library. I use TRSDOS 2.8. and 
I'm trying to convert the Edit/CMD pro- 
gram from Microsoft's Editor/Assembler 
Development package. I'm having prob- 
lems with calls to DOS address 4442 hex 
(read specified record from file). 

Do you know of any books or other 
publications dealing with double-den- 
sity disk input/output (I/O)? I know sin- 
gle-density I/O fairly well, but none of it 
seems to apply to double-density. The 
technical manual refers to synching the 
computer for reliable data I/O. How do I 
do this? 

Also. I find NEWDOS/80 1.0 won't 
load with the double-density adapter in- 
stalled. Why? (Carlos H. Matos, Shaw 
A.F.B.. SC) 

A # Your problem with location 4442 
• hex is that TRSDOS 2.8 re- 
quires a different register setup from the 
program you're converting. Since I don't 
know the program, I really can't be more 
specific than to suggest that you trace 
the program's flow with a machine-lan- 
guage monitor and examine the CPU 
registers just before the program calls lo- 
cation 4442 hex. Compare what's in the 
registers with the technical manual's re- 
quirements for calling that location and 
reading from disk. 

The main difference between single- 
and double-density operation is the disk 
sectors' skew rate, since the DOS has 
more sectors to deal with under double- 
density. Your DOS might also read and 
write data differently. Because DOSes 
differ and the Model I lacks a standard 
double-density system, you won't find 
any books on the subject. 

As for synching data, the Model I, in 
single-density mode, uses the floppy 
disk controller's (FDC's) memory bank 
for storing disk data. Unfortunately, the 
FDC chip also uses this space to store 
information. Usually this is OK. but it 
can lead to problems when the computer 
clock's 25-millisecond "heartbeat" in- 
terrupts the FDC, destroying the data in 
its memory area. 

Now, in theory, the drive delivers in- 
formation fast enough so that the CPU 
can pull it out of the FDC before the clock 
interferes. But if the drive's timing is pre- 
cisely right (or, depending on your view- 
point, precisely wrong), it won't start 
delivering data from a sector until late in 
the clock's cycle. Remember, the drive 
has to wait for the right sector to pass 



beneath the drive head before it can send 
data to the FDC. When this happens, the 
clock destroys the data in the FDC before 
the CPU fetches it. 

This is usually the cause of Model I 
"Data Lost" error messages. Double 
density aggravates the situation a bit by 
making the timing even more critical; 
sometimes it takes even more passes to 
read the whole sector than under single- 
density operation. 

Manufacturers other than Radio 
Shack include a data separator with 
their double-density boards to remove 
conflicts in use of the FCD memory area. 
The only way to establish reliable data 
transfer without such a separator is to syn- 
chronize your data-fetch operations with 
your computer's clock, delaying reading 
until immediately after a clock pulse. 

NEWDOS/80 1.0 wont load because it 
doesn't support double-density operation; 
you'll have to get NEWDOS/80 2.0 or 
DOSPLUS, MULTIDOS, or LDOS. Be sure 
to call the manufacturer before ordering a 
new DOS to make sure it supports Radio 
Shack's double-density board. 

9 1 need information about securing 
• a copyright for software. Can you 
help? (Darrell Eldridge. Ardmore. TN) 

Al Look for the book Legal Care for 
• Your Software by Daniel Re- 
mer— Nolo Press. 950 Parker St.. Berke- 
ley, CA 94710, $19.95. The Addison- 
Wesley Publishing Co. distributes it. The 
book gives most of the information you 
need to protect your software from ille- 
gal copying and use. 

Not everyone agrees about the book's 
value. One lawyer says it's "pretty 
good" while another calls it "mislead- 
ing." However. I don't know of any legal 
text that all lawyers agree is good. The 
book seems quite thorough, with many 
useful suggestions and examples. 

9 # I'm responding to Hugh Ruppers- 
• burg's complaint about Model 4 
SuperScripsit's losing characters during 
wraparound (January 1985. p. 19). I sus- 
pect that his operating system may be 
at fault. 

The Model 4 SuperScripsit upgrade 
package I recently received from Radio 
Shack contained SuperScripsit 1.0.1 
and TRSDOS 6.1.1. I. too, noticed the 
program's tendency to lose characters 
during wraparound, a problem I didn't 
have with Model HI SuperScripsit run- 
ning under LDOS. SuperScripsit's com- 
mand response also felt sluggish. When 
I moved Model 4 SuperScripsit to a 
TRSDOS 6.2 system disk, I found that 
these problems disappeared. 

TRSDOS 6.2 is an optional upgrade 
that you have to buy from Radio Shack. 
According to the catalogue, it operates 



16 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



FEEDBACK LOOP 



up to 20 percent faster than the 6.0 and 
the 6. 1 versions and includes many tech- 
nical enhancements. The mandatory up- 
grade that I (and many other Model 4 
owners I know) received free of charge 
from Radio Shack was version 6.1.2. Hugh 
Ruppersburg might not find that version 
fast enough for SuperScripsit. (Jane A. 
Layman, Waukesha, WI) 

A. You're right; you can attribute 
• SuperScripsit's losing characters 
to the DOS. Getting 6.2 should solve this 
problem most of the time, but it's still 
possible to lose characters if you're a fast 
typist. 

9 9 Like Howard Feldman, I was dis- 
appointed to discover that the 
Model 4/4P has no Basic sort routine 
comparable to CMD"0". I took your ad- 
vice to Feldman in the November 1984 
column (p. 16) and typed in the ma- 
chine-language sort published in the 
July 1980 TRS-80 Microcomputer 
News, but I can't get it to work on my 
Model 4P. 

I modified the program by substitut- 
ing 255 for 127 except for its first occur- 
rence, replaced line 30 with DEF 
USR0 = &HFF00, entered Basic with 
M = 65279. removed the 10000 after the 
Clear statement, and changed lines 
1240 and 1260 as indicated. When I run 
the program, it works nicely through 
line 160, but when I press the enter key 
the computer hangs up. I've looked for 
hints in the Model 4 manuals, but I can't 
find any. 

I have the feeling the problem has 
something to do with the first three ma- 
chine-language statements. 205. 127. 10, 
which is a Model III ROM call CD 7F A. but 
I can't figure out what to replace them with 
or what else to change in the program. 
(Charles H. Samuel, Tigard. OR) 

A^The program was originally for 
• the Model I. so I don't think your 
problem could be a ROM call — the 
Models I and III ROMs Just aren't the 
same. The program works on the Models 
I. III. 4. and Lobo Max-80. 

Rather than try to trouble-shoot the 
program, type in Alan D. Smith's Model 
4 Basic sort in the March 1985 80 Micro 
("A Sort Story, " p. 70). 

9^1 downloaded several programs 
• from 80 Micro's bulletin board, 
saving them to disk as File name/TXT in 
both edited and unedited format. 

How do I transform the downloaded 
programs in text format to executable 
Basic programs? I don't have a text edi- 
tor. (Gary V. Van Dyke, Sycamore, IL) 
A # Use a simple Basic program to 
• line input the text and edit it. To 
fix Basic lines so they aren't broken into 
separate sections, write a subroutine 



When the refrigerator 
started or the 
toaster toasted, 
garbage appeared. 



that displays each line of text and asks 
you whether the line belongs with the 
previous line. When you answer no. the 
routine should write the previous line to 
disk and save the current line in mem- 
ory in case it's continued on the next 
text line. This is time-consuming, but it 
does work. 

80 Micro published a text editor pro- 
gram in November 1984 (see "Hybrid 
Vigor," p. 72). 

9i I just blew my fifth power supply 
• and the local Radio Shack stores 
don't know where to get a replacement. 
I have a 16K Model I Level II with Expan- 
sion Interface, two 40-track disk drives, 
a printer, acoustic modem, voice synthe- 
sizer, and Alpha's Newclock 80. As you 
can see, my system needs a lot of power. 
I designed my system for 24-hour use. 
It wakes me up, reminds me to take my 
pills, makes my phone calls, and so on. I 
wrote my own software, including a full- 
screen editor, word processor, and as- 
sembler, and it's hardware dependent, 
especially on the clock and voice synthe- 
sizer. It would take years to transport 
these programs to another computer. 
Help. (Wayne Moore, Smtthvllle, MO) 

A # The Model I's power supply is a 
• power transformer that drops the 
120- volt wall supply to 24-volt and 17- 
volt ac levels. The transformer then rec- 
tifies the 24-volt ac to 19.8 vdc and puts 
it on the power cord's pins 2 and 4. The 
17-volt ac goes on pins 1 and 3, and all 
four pins feed directly to the Model I. 

The vdc line is limited to .35 amps and 
the other line is limited to 1 amp. All you 
have to do is get a bigger power trans- 
former (the original's setting is 50 watts) 
and increase the rectifier to handle your 
extra current load— say, .5 amps. You 
could probably get any good technician 
to build a new power supply inexpen- 
sively. 

9f How do I get my Model 4 under 
• TRSDOS 6.2 to recognize logical 
drives 2 and 3—1 need a patch. (Yulee 
Johns, Glen Burnte, MD) 

Al You don't need patches to enable 
• logical drives 2 and 3, assuming 
they're physically attached. Type in DE- 
VICE to display the current drive config- 
uration. If you have the external drives 



on the expansion cable, with disks in 
them and the doors closed, you should 
see them listed in the device table. 

If the table indicates the drives are dis- 
abled, use SYSTEM (DRIVE = 2.ENABLE) 
and SYSTEM (DRIVE = 3.ENABLE) to 
make them accessible. Now try the device 
command; also, read from and write to the 
drives. When you're satisfied with the 
setup, use SYSGEN to save the new drive 
configuration to your system disk. 

9 # I have a Model I with Radio 
• Shack's Expansion Interface (EI) 
and two disk drives. I want to add an RS- 
232 port without having to buy the com- 
plete interface; do you know of anyone 
who still markets the port only? 

Also. I've been having trouble with my 
Epson MX-80 printer. It usually happens 
right in the middle of a long listing or a 
mailing label printout— whenever it will 
create the most havoc. All of a sudden, 
the printer takes off like crazy, usually 
dropping into compressed mode, and 
printing garbage that looks like this: 
////000000000000000000000000///// . 
I've replaced all connectors with gold 
plugs, but the problem continues. (Jeff 
Briner, Hickory, NC) 

A # The Radio Shack franchise in 
• Brattleboro. VT (802-257-5229) 
still has a few Radio Shack RS-232 
boards for the Model I Expansion Inter- 
face. Before installing the board, drill five 
or six half-inch ventilation holes in the 
RS-232 compartment sides and lid. 
Make sure you clean the RS-232 edge- 
card connections with alcohol to remove 
dirt and corrosion. 

After putting the board in position and 
screwing it down, get a large pink eraser 
and cut it just to fit between the RS-232 
board (over the connection to the main 
EI board) and the compartment lid. This 
prevents the RS-232 board from heat- 
warping and pulling away from the RS- 
232 board connector. 

Your printer problem sounds like a 
voltage spike or current surge. Some- 
how, one or more extraneous characters 
are getting into the printer's buffer, 
causing it to misbehave. I had a similar 
problem with an external hardware 
printer buffer; every time the refrigera- 
tor started up or the toaster toasted, gar- 
bage appeared in the buffer. The cure 
was to install a spike and surge suppres- 
sor on the printer and the printer buffer 
(see "Current Events," May 1985. p. 62. 
for a guide to buying surge suppres- 



Terry Kepner Is a freelance writer 
and programmer, and an associate ed- 
itor for 80 Micro. He's been writing 
about microcomputers since 1 979. 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 17 



DDDDD 
□□□□□ 

■■■DB 

nnnnn 
nnnnn 




Circle 124 on Reader Service card. 



gracnrauQQB 



TANDY 



TANDY 1000 

25-1000 Model 1000 128K 1 Disk Drive . $1199.00 

25-1003 Modem Option 1000/1200 179.95 

25-1004 Memory Exp 128K 1000/1200 . . 299.95 

25-1005 Disk Drive Expansion 1000 299.95 

25-1006 RS-232C Interface 1000/1200 ... 99.95 

25-1007 Hard Disk Control Board 329.95 

25-1009 2ND Memory Board 249.95 

25-1501 MS-DOS Reference T-1000 34.95 

25-1502 BASIC Reference T-1000 34.95 

25-1155 Scripist 1000 299 95 

25-1145 Lotus 123 1000 495.00 

25-1151 DR Graph 1000 195 00 

TANDY 1200 

25-3000 Tandy 1200 1 Disk & 10 Meg HD . $2495.00 

25-3010 VM-3 Green Monitor 219.00 

26-3212 CM-2 Color Monitor 549.95 

25-3040 Monochrome Display Adapter . . . 219.00 

25-3043 Graphics Display Adapter 299.00 

25-3044 Graphics Master 695.00 

25-3061 Captain Multifunction Board .... 795.00 

25-3130 MSDOS/BASIC 89.95 

25-3170 Wordstar Professional 395.00 

25-3160 Framework 695.00 

25-3161 PFS File 140.00 

25-3190 dBase III 695.00 

TANDY 2000 

26-5103 Tandy 2000 2 Disk Drive $2499 00 

26-5104 Tandy 2000 1 Disk & 10 Meg HD 3950.00 

26-5111 Monochrome Monitor 199.95 

26-5112 Color Monitor 649.00 

26-5140 Hi Res Graphic Monochrome Bd. 359 95 

26-5141 Hi Res Color Graphics Chips 149.95 

26-5160 Internal 128K Memory Board 299.00 

26-5300 Lotus 123 49500 

26-5311 Microsoft Multiplan 195.00 

26-5320 Framework 695.00 

26-5352 dBase II (Data Base) 595.00 

26-5330 Multmate . 249.00 



$ 995.00 

153.00 

255.00 

255.00 

85.00 

280.00 

215.00 

29.00 

29.00 

255.00 

420.00 

161.00 



$2070.00 
185.00 
468.00 
185.00 
255.00 
590.00 
675.00 
76.50 
335 00 
590.00 
119.00 
590.00 



$2010.00 
3175.00 
165.00 
535.00 
305.00 
125.00 
250.00 
420.00 
166.00 
590.00 
420.00 
205.00 



THE BEST BUYS IN TOWN... 

Perry Computers has been in the Computer 
Business for seven years and has offered 
you incredible products at outstanding 
prices. We plan to continue giving you qual- 
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The basis of our philosophy is affordability 
and every effort is made to extend oppor- 
tunity to you. We invite you to shop and 
compare. 



LIST OUR 

PRICE PRICE 




PORTABLE-COLOR 



MODEL 200 

26-3860 24K Model 200 Portable Comp $ 999.00 

26-3866 24K RAM Mem. Exp. Chip for 200 249.95 

26-3804AC Adaptor 5.95 

26-3805 Accoustic Coupler 39.95 

26-3816 8K RAM Memory Expansion Chip 1 19.95 

26-1409 Printer Cable 14.95 

26-1410 Modem Cable 19.95 

26-3809 Briefcase 49.95 

26-3811 Soft Carrying Case for 100/200 . . 39.95 

26-1183 Bar Code Reader 99.95 

26-3806 Disk Video Interface 799.00 

26-3829 Multiplan ROM for 100 149.95 

COLOR COMPUTERS 

26-3127 64K Extended Color Computer 2 $ 219.95 

26-3136 16K Extended Color Computer 2 1 59.95 

26-3129 Thinline Disk Drive O for Co Co 349.95 

26-3018 Extended Basic Kit 39.95 

26-3030 OS-9 With Editor Assembler 69.95 

26-3012 Deluxe Joystick 39.95 

VIP Integrated Library 149.95 

VIP Writer 69.95 

VIP Calc 69.95 

Telewriter Disk 

Botek Interface 

MONITORS ~ 

30261110 Amdek 300 Green $179.00 

30261120 Amdek 300A Amber 199.00 

30261130 Amdek 310A Amber 230.00 

30261150 Amdek 300 Color Composite 349.00 

30261160 Amdek 500 Color RGB/Comp 525.00 

30261170 Amdek 600 Color RGB 599.00 

30261210 Comrex 5600 Green 12" 1 19.95 

30261220 Comrex 5650 Amber 12" 129.95 

30261230 Comrex 6550 Color Composite 329.95 

30261260 Comrex 6700 Color RGB Hi Res 549.00 

30261510 Teknika MH22 RGB/Composite 399.00 

30261410 NEC 12"Color Composite 



$ 829.00 

212.00 

5.00 

34.00 

95.00 

12.70 

17.00 

42.50 

34.00 

85.00 

660.00 

127.50 



185.00 

130.00 

290 00 

36.00 

59.50 

34.00 

139 00 

59.00 

59.00 

59 00 

57 00 



140.00 
155.00 
175.00 
280 00 
400.00 
475.00 
95.00 
110.00 
285.00 
450.00 
340.00 
250.00 



FOR ORDERS CALL 1-800-248-3823 



W* W»o carry • complete line of computer iccctMOfiti 
(Pteeee call for current prleee.) 



FOR INFORMATION CALL 1-517-625-4161 



AM price* and often may be ehenoed or nflMriwn without notice. Advertteed prlcea are cm*! price*. C»ll for ehlpplne. criiro** C.O.O. eccepted. ($4.00 chirp* par carton on COD. Call for further COD. 
Information.) M.C.. Vlea, AX. *dct3H 




PERSONAL-BUSINESS 



MODEL 4 

26-1069 Model 4 64K 2 Drive Computer S1 299.00 

26-1080 Model 4P 64K Portable Computer 1299.00 

26-1122 64K Memory Expansion 79.95 

26-1127 Model 4 Internal Drive 1 499.95 

26-1123 Model 3 to Model 4 Upgrade Kit . 799.00 

26-1084 Model 4P Modem Board 149.00 

26-1085 Model 4P Travel Case 24.95 

26-1530 Multiplan Model 4 199.00 

26-1595 Super Scripist Model 4 199.95 

26-1635 Profile 4 Model 4 249 95 

26-2216 CP/M Plus Model 4 149.00 

26-2231 Double Duty Utility 69.95 

MODEL 12 & 6000 ~ 

26-4005 Model 12 80K 2 Drive Computer $3999 00 

26-6021 Model 6000 51 2K 2 Dr Computer 4499,00 

26-6022 Model 6000 51 2K 15Meg HD . . . 5499 00 

26-6014 Model 12 to 6000 Upgrade 1595 00 

26-6015 Model 6000 512K Memory Board 1095.00 

26-6016 Model 6000 512K Memory Kit 849.00 

26-6017 Card Cage For Model 12 199.00 

26-6052 DT-100 Data Terminal 795.00 

26-4155 15 Meg Hard Drive Primary 1995.00 

26-4171 35 Meg Hard Drive Primary 2995 00 

26-4157 Installation Kit for Primary HD 349 00 

COLUMBIA & SANYO ~ 

10021020 VP2110 Columbia Ptb 2 Dk 128K $2495 00 

10021030 VP2220 Columbia Ptb 2 Dk 256K 2695.00 

10021040 MPC4210 Columbia 2 Dk 120K 2495.00 

10021050 MPC4220 Columbia 2 Dk 256K 2695.00 

10021060 MPC4610 Columbia H Dk 128K 4195.00 

10021070 MPC4620 Columbia H Dk 256K 4395 00 

10021080 MPC47 50 Columbia Pro 10 M 512K 4995.00 

10021090 MPC4950 Columbia Pro 30 M 512K 5995.00 

10041020 MBC555-2 Sanyo 1 Drive 128K 999.00 

10041040 MBC555-2 Sanyo 2 Disk 128K 1495 00 

10041550 CRT-36 Sanyo Green Screen 199.00 

10041560 CRT-70 Sanyo Color Screen . . 749.00 



PRICE PRICE 



950.00 
950.00 

75.00 
415.00 
67500 
127.00 

21.25 
16900 
169.00 
212.00 
127.00 

58.00 



52700.00 

3735.00 

4565.00 

1325.00 

905.00 

705.00 

169.00 

650.00 

1695.00 

2545.00 

295.00 



$2120.00 

2290 00 

2120.00 

2290 00 

3565 00 

3795 00 

4140.00 

4975.00 

850 00 

1250 00 

160.00 

640.00 



RADIO SHACK PRINTERS 

26-1276 DMP-105 Dot Matrix Printer $ 199.00 

26-1275 TRP-100 Portable Thermal Printer 299.00 

26-1271 DMP-110 50/25 cps Printer 399.00 

26-1255 DMP 120 Printer 120cps Matrix 499.00 

26-1268 CGP-220 Color Ink-Jet Printer . 699.00 

26-1257 DWP 210 14 cps Daisy Wheel . . 599.00 

26-1277 DMP-430 24 Wire Matrix Printer 899.00 

26-1270 DWP-510 43 cps Daisy Wheel . 1495.00 

26-1274 DMP-2100P 24 Dot Wire Matrix . . 1995.00 

26-1272 LMP-2150 Line Printer . 3995.00 

26-1269 PT-64 Printer Controller 249.95 

26-1498 SW-302 Printer Switch 119.95 

EPSON/COMREX PRINTERS ~ 

20001010 RX-80 Dot Matrix Printer $ 269.00 

20001020 RX-80 FH" Dot Matrix Printer 399.00 

20001030 FX-80 Dot Matrix Printer 599.00 

20001040 JX-80 Color Dot Matrix Printer 799.00 

20001050 HI-80 4 Pin Plotter 599.00 

20002010 RX-100 Dot Matrix Printer 499.00 

20002020 FX-1 00 Dot Matrix Printer . . 889.00 

20003010 LQ-1500 18 Pin Head with Intt 1495.00 

20003510 CR-IIE Comrex Com Riter . . 499 00 

20001510 FX-80 Tractor 39. 95 

20004080 NLQ Parallel Intrface . 209 95 

20004030 RX/FX 2K Serial Board 119.00 

PRINTERS 

20021010 Okidata Microline 82 $ 349.00 

20021020 Okidata Microline 92 499.00 

20022040 Okidata Microline 93 799.00 

20041020 Star SG10 Printer 399.00 

20061010 Toshiba Printer 1340 

20081010 C. Itoh 8510AP Printer 

20081510 C. Itoh 1550 Printer 

20081520 C Itoh F-10 Starwnter 

20081530 C. Itoh F-10 Printmaster 

20121010 Juki 6100 Daisy Wheel Printer 549.00 

20181010 Mannesmann Tally MT-160L . 798.00 

20181020 Mannesmann Tally MT-180L 1098.00 



$ 169 00 

230.00 

299 00 

385.00 

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485.00 

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34.00 
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90 00 



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439.00 
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SHOP WITH US... 

Our knowledgable and courteous staff is always available to 
assist you, whether it concerns taking an order on our toll free 
line or helping you select the right computer system. Helping 
you compare and select, regardless of your needs, business 
or personal, our trained sales personnel are here to offer you 
superior service that compliments our prices. 

CALL TOLL FREE 



1-800-248-3823 



12M S. nniM ST. PERRU flUCH 48872 



Circle 81 on Reader Service card. 




You've Cot 

TOTAL ACCESS 



i specializing In TBS80 



Rose 



TO YOUR COMPUTER HARDWARE & SOFTWARE 
NEEDS. CALL ROSE TODAY! 



QUALITY DISK DRIVES 

These drives are complete with power supply, cover and 
external dnve connector For TRS-80 Model I. III. 4. IBM 
PC and others. All drives are Double Density and step 
at 6ms or less SS means single head. DS is double 
head. Specify white or silver color cover Add $5 per 
dnve shipping unless otherwise specified AH drives have 
a one year warranty on parts and labor. 

SOMPLETE FULL SIZE 5, 25" DISK 
RIVES 

40lk Single Side Tandon TM100-1 S 167 

40tk Dual Side Tandon TM100-2 197 

80tk Dual Side Tandon TM101-4 297 

80MPLETE HALF HIGH 5.25" DISK 
RIVES 

lea. 40tk SS TEAC FD-55A m dual case $167 

2ea 40tk SS TEAC FD-55A in dual case 317 

lea 40tk DS TEAC FD-55B in dual case 167 

2ea 40tk DS TEAC FD-55B in dual case 357 

1ea 80tk DS TEAC FD-55F in dual case 217 

2ea 80tk DS TEAC FD-55F m dual case 387 

COMPLETE 8" DRIVES m t<o mm 

2ea SS TM848 IE s m dual case with fan $ 647 
2ea DS TM848-2E • in dual case with fan 697 

BARE 5.25" A 8" DRIVES * » *** 

40tk SS, Full Size, Tandon TM100-1 $ 127 

40tk DS, Full Size. Tandon TM100-2 167 

80tk DS, Full Size, Tandon TM101-4 267 

40tk SS, HaK-Hign. TEAC FD55-A 147 

40tk DS, Half-High. TEAC FDS5-B 187 

80tk DS. Half-High. TEAC FD55-F 237 

8 SS. Thmlme, Tandon TM848-1E 259 

8" DS. Thinline. Tandon TM848-2E 333 

TRS-80 MODEL HI/4 DISK KITS 

Internal drive kit complete with disk controller 

Sower supply, mounting brackets, cables and all 
ardware plus step-by-step instructions This kit 
contains everything you need (except the Disk 
Operating System, drive and a screwdriver) to 
convert your cassette Model III or 4 to fast 
reliable disk operation Don't confuse this quality 
kit with the high-priced ripoffs Thousands of 
satisfied customers cannot be wronq You can 
join them for only r&M.Om "M $ 189 

Same as above with 1-40tk SS drive 299 

Same as above with 2-40tk SS drives ... .419 

TRS-80 MODEL I *» " *** 

DOUBLE DENSITY CONTROLLERS 

Aerocomp DDC Really the best by test $99 

Aerocomp DDC with LDOS 159 

Aerocomp DDC with NEWDOS 80-v2.0 179 

OTHER DRIVE GOODIES * i *~% 

TRSDOS 1 3 Disk & Manual for Model III $24 

TRSDOS 2 3 Disk & Manual for Model I 24 

TRSDOS 6 x Disk & Manual for Model 4 19 

LDOS for the Model I or HI 69 

NEWDOS 80 v2 for the Model I or HI 99 

2 -drive cable for Model I/III/4 24 

2 -dnve external cable for IBM PC 48 

4-dnve cable for Model I 34 

Extender cable. 7" long 9 

6 26" power supply & encl , white or silver 59 

8' power supply, fan & enclosure, beige 149 

TRS-80 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT 

12" Green Phosphor Monitor .. 79 

12" Amber Phosphor Monitor 84 

16K 200 nsec RAM Guaranteed 1 year (8 chips) 9 
64K 200 nsec RAM Guaranteed 1 year (8 chips) 34 
64K RAM plus Genuine PAL for Model 4 upgrade 44 

MEDIA A SUPPLIES 

5 Diskettes SSOO. Lifetime Guar 

5 Diskettes DSDO. Lifetime Guar 

5 Fiipson holds 75 Diskettes 

8 Diskettes SSDO Lifetime Guar 

8 Diskette*! DSDO. Lifetime Guar 

8 Fhpsort. holds 50 Diskettes 



Pk of 10 $ 16 

Pack of 10 .19 

19 

29 

34 

24 

a 



Pack of 10 
Pack of 10 



— ROSE GETS RIGHT! - 

NOW— ROSE'S 
MOD 4 CP/M 

$69 

^m^^ ^m^r ^mW Complete wiih Manual 

Rose has latched onto this slick version of CP/M 2 2 that allows you to 
run most of your favorite CP/M programs with ease. It even lets you read 
and write other manufacturers' disk formats What could be nicer? They 
are in stock ready for you to use and enjoy. 



5 25" or 8 Head Cleaning Kit 

Letter Size 20 lb Tractor Paper, 2900 sheets .25 

20 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



PRINTERS A ACCESSORIES 

PROWRITER 120cps 10 Wide Fnct.on/T rector 319 
PROWRITER 2, 120cps 15 Wide Fnct/Trac 595 
STARWRITER F10-40cps Daisy Wheel 895 

LPRINTMASTER Fl0-55cps Fast Deny Wheel 995 

Rutishauser Bidirectional Tractor 150 

Rutishauser Sheet Feeder. A Best One 495 

CP/M & 80 COLUMN 
for your MODEL III 

No need to buy a new computer when you 
can use the Holmes VID-80 modification 
and get CP/M 2.2, 64K RAM and 80 
column video. This kit is easy to install and 
requires no soldering Even a dolt like you 
can can end up with a complete 64K 
CP/M computer with an 80 column screen 
that is still able to run all your existing 
Model III software. For the first time you 
will be able to use CP/M programs that 
normal people do, such as dBASE II and 
WordStar The regular price of this kit is 
$524 Now Rose will get you going for 
only $299 

Add $5 •Nppng 

SUPER SALE 

I'll ship you the Holmes deal above PLUS 
WordStar 3.3 installed and ready to run 
for only $399 

SPECIAL SOFTWARE DEALS 

WordStar 3 3 (Specify MM or R/S format) $ 1 95 

MailMerg. SpellStar Stanndex. all 3 for |ust . . 99 
WordStar Professional (Above 4 Progama) . 275 

DataStar Data Entry & Retrieval 125 

ReportStar Report Generator 106 

InfoStar Advanced DBMS (Above 2 Programs) 195 
dBASE II Complete With Disk Tutorial 345 

Super Utility Plus 3 2 by Kim Wan 59 

CP/M 2 2 for Model 4 by Monte Zuma .......... 169 

Turbo PASCAL by Bor Land Requires CP/M 44 

Turbo Toolbox by Bor Land 45 

Turbo TUTOR by Bor Land 35 

Pickles & Trout CP/M 2.2m for the Model 

2-12-16 Floppy Version 179 

Same thino but the Radio Shack Hard Disk .219 



ORDER NOW! 
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800-527-3582 

Orders Only Please 

Call in your order or write to us at the address 
below Texas residents call us at 2 1 4-337 4346 
and deduct $2 00 from your order but you 
should remind me cause sometimes I forget If 
you need technical information or service please 
call the Texas number as the Toll Free lines are 
just for orders only Prices are subiect to change 
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AMERICAN EXPRESS, MASTERCARD and VISA 
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charges quoted m this ad are for the lower 48 
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customs Texans add State Sales tax No tax 
collected on shipments outside of Texas Be 
sure you know what you are buying 
SOFTWARE IS SOLD ON A REPLACEMENT 
BASIS ONLY - NO REFUNDS If it is defective 
call us for instructions Please order from me 
now---l need the money and I will not jack you 
around I reserve the nght to charge up to a ten 
percent restocking charge if you jack me around 
All merchandise carries the original manufac- 
turers warranty and all repairs or adjustments 
will be made by the manufacturer or his 
designated representative 

NEXT DAY SHIPMENT of Goods in Stock 

TOTAL ACCESS 

P.O. Box 790276 
Dallas, Texas 75379 
214-337-4346 



PULSE TRAIN / by Bradford N. Dixon 



Tandy's ACT Pact 
Uneven Trade? 



Tandyland 

When Tandy finalized its 
limited retail agreement 
with Great Britain's Applied 
Computer Techniques 
(ACT), makers of the 8-bit 
Apricot home computer, 
the January 1985 deal was 
significantly different from 
the one first announced in 
December 1984 (see Pulse 
Train. April 1985. p. 21). 

As things now stand. 
Tandy and ACT have 
dropped plans for Jointly 
owned stores in both Europe 
and England; the only place 
you'll find AT stores is in the 
United Kingdom. Stores selling both 
Tandy computers and ACT's Apricots are 
called AT ComputerWorld Ltd., not TA 
Computer World as originally planned. In 
all, 18 Tandy Computer Centers and 20 
ACT ComputerWorld franchises merged 
and began business in England under the 
new name on February 1 . 1985. 

As far as the European market goes. 
ACT will supply Apricot products (see 
the Photo) to all 46 of Tandy's electron- 
ics stores that have a business computer 
department. The final tally shows ACT 
picking up distribution of its Apricot in 
all Tandy computer stores in the U.K. 
and Europe. Tandy gets increased distri- 
bution only at ACT's 20 stores in Great 
Britain. The deal's apparent lopsided- 
ness has some people wondering. 

According to Luc Sala. a reporter for 
International Data Corp.. the merger 
worries Tandy employees in England. 
Rumors are circulating that poor sales in 
Europe might prompt Tandy to pull out 
of Europe and the U.K. altogether. 
"That's ridiculous." says Tandy's direc- 
tor of financial planning. Garland Asher. 
"There's been no contemplation to do 
that." Asher blames weak European sales 
solely on the strong American dollar. 

Execs In the Tandy Towers have to 
field questions about rumors almost 
every day, but the phones were abnor- 
mally busy after InfoWorld's John Dvo- 
rak passed along some Tandy gossip in 




Photo. ACT's Apricot. 

his March 4. 1985. Inside Track column. 

An anonymous source tipped offDvorak 
to some hot rumors making the rounds in 
Fort Worth. Perhaps the most provocative 
has Tandy bringing out a PC AT clone 
sometime in 1985's third quarter. Tandy 
maintained its usual solitary stance when 
questioned on the subject. 

As for the potential rivalry between a 
high-priced AT clone and the Tandy 
2000. financial planner Asher said, "I 
don't think you can assume (the two ma- 
chines) would be mutually exclusive in 
terms of function or price if such a new 
machine were to be introduced. Besides, 
the Tandy 2000 is selling for $1,999 
right now." 

Dvorak also cited a rumor that Tan- 
dy's considering importing an Apple 
clone that would go for about $500 at 
Radio Shack Computer Centers. 

Asher put the damper on that one, say- 
ing it would be foolish to add another 
piece of hardware to the load Computer 
Center personnel must currently sup- 
port, to say nothing of supporting an- 
other nonstandard operating system. 
Tandy made its choice in getting on the 
MS-DOS bandwagon; selling Apple look- 
alikes would be a move in the wrong di- 
rection. 

Dvorak's inside source also speculated 
that Tandy would sell its computer divi- 
sion if sales didn't improve. Asher had 
already heard that rumor, and he ended 
our Q and A by simply stating, "To 



throw away a billion dollar 
part of our business would 
be stupid." 

All the hype surrounding 

the success of the Tandy 
1000 makes some comput- 
erists wonder how long the 
unit's price will stay at 
$1,195 while its main com- 
petitors, the PCjr and the 
Apple lie, retail for $995. 

Tandy's buyer for the 
1000, David Frager. com- 
mented on the rumor that 
Tandy might reduce the 
price of his machine. 
"There's no truth to that," 
Frager said. "The machine 
is still selling very well. Besides, we 
wouldn't change the price for at least six 
months. At least not until the July cata- 
log comes out." Frager also told me 
Tandy had no plans to introduce a port- 
able version of the 1000. He added that 
Tandy has dropped the idea of a special 
stripped-down 1000 for the education 
market. "The education market is re- 
sponding well to the 1000 as it is." Fra- 
ger said. "There's no need to bring out a 
model Just for that market." 

Readers who follow Tandy's finan- 
cial ups and downs know there was rea- 
son to celebrate in Fort Worth after the 
release of January's sales figures. Con- 
solidated sales totaled $235,678,000 for 
a gain of 5 percent over January 1984. 

In Tandy's Radio Shack division, the 
news was equally good, with sales top- 
ping $171 million In January. That's a 6 
percent increase over the same month 
last year. And Tandy may be making 
gains with the 1000 on another front: its 
campaign to build a stronger media im- 
age. According to estimates, the Tandy 
1000 made the cover or appeared prom- 
inenUy in 22 computer magazines in De- 
cember 1984 and January 1985. 



MicroTrends 

If you have any doubts about the 

microcomputer market's competitive- 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 21 



PULSE TRAIN 



ness, just look at the money big compa- 
nies spend on advertising. C Systems 
Ltd., specialists in advertising analysis, 
tracked micro manufacturers' 1984 
print advertising in 155 publications. 

As you might expect, IBM leads the 
pack with nearly $30 million in ads. 
AT&T posted expenditures of $25 mil- 
lion, while Hewlett-Packard placed third 
with a $15 million advertising outlay. 

Apple, Texas Instruments, and 3M 
Corp. trailed HP. each spending nearly 
$9 million. The report didn't mention 
Tandy, and I asked C System's James 
Callan why. "Tandy doesn't advertise as 
much as you'd expect,", he told me. In- 
stead, "they use a lot of co-op advertis- 
ing." In other words, Tandy chips in for 
advertising of another company's prod- 
uct (such as software) in which a Tandy 
product appears prominently. C Sys- 
tems doesn't track co-op advertising. 

It turns out that Tandy bought 364 
pages of advertising outright at a cost of 
$3.5 million. Where did the money go? 
Frequent flyers got a good dose of Tandy 
ads, which appeared in several airlines' 
in-flight magazines. 

Callan thinks in-flight ads are effec- 
tive. "There are few places during the 
month when a businessman has time to 
read more than just what comes across 
his desk. In the air, though, computer 
companies have a captive audience that 
is given free and accessible information 
to read and an opportunity to read it." 

Tandy also advertised in business 
magazines such as Business Week, 
Forbes, and Venture. Science maga- 
zines tend to be favorites with computer 
companies, too, and Tandy ads ap- 
peared in Discover and Popular Science. 

Most of Tandy's print dollars, how- 
ever, went to system -specific magazines. 
Rainbow ran 24 Tandy ads last year, 
more than any other magazine. 80 Micro 
and Hot CoCo tied for second with 23 ad 
pages apiece. 

Office micro systems enjoyed U.S. 

sales of $6.6 billion in 1984. according 
to Future Computing Inc. Meanwhile, 
Dataquest Inc. reports that worldwide 
sales of office microcomputers hit $26.3 
billion last year. Despite all this money 
changing hands. Future Computing 
says that U.S. offices contain only five 
million personal computers out of a po- 
tential market of 55 million desk-bound 
office workers. 

Dataquest and Future Computing's 
studies give IBM the largest piece of the 
office computing pie (41.5 percent U.S., 
30 percent worldwide). Apple is a distant 
second in U.S. (11 percent) and world- 
wide (9 percent) markets. Tandy takes 
third in the U.S. market with 6.3 percent 
of the business users, but worldwide, 
Tandy drops to fifth place with a 3 per- 



cent share (see the Table). Tandy might 
owe its stable number-three U.S. posi- 
tion to its 15 percent market share in 
Unix systems, which leads all sellers in 
the multiuser micro market. 





Worldwide 


U.S. 


Manufacturer 




(%) 


(%) 


IBM 




30 


41.5 


Apple 




9 


11 


DEC 




4 


3.7 


Hewlett- 








Packard 




4 


3.9 


Tandy 




3 


6.3 


NEC 




3 


NL 


Compaq 




2 


4.5 


Wang 




2 


3.7 


Zenith 




NL 


3.2 


Kaypro 




NL 


1.7 


Other 




43 


20.5 


Table. Shares of 


the 


office computer 


market. NL Indicates 


no listing. 





Most of the micro world's heavy hit- 
ters were represented at a February 
1985 manufacturers' seminar to watch 
Digital Research roll out its new operat- 
ing environment, GEM. It looked as if 
DRI had the jump on Microsoft, whose 
late, late Windows program may finally 
come out this summer. 

In light of Tandy's presence at the 
seminar, I asked Tandy's director of 
market planning, Ed Juge, what Tan- 
dy's plans were for GEM. Juge reported, 
"(We have] no specific agreement with 
DRI." Juge says Tandy's interested in 
GEM but is still committed to Windows. 

Asked if GEM already had too much of 
a head start on Windows, Juge said he 
felt that Microsoft had the operating sys- 
tem world locked up, despite its failure 
to bring out Windows on schedule. 

For years, CompuServe subscribers 

could find lively discussions about TRS- 
80 microcomputing on the MNET-80 
SIG (special-interest group). But due to a 
decline in SIG activity over the past year. 
CompuServe decided to close down 
MNET-80, its longest running SIG. 

Though CompuServe still has two Ra- 
dio Shack-related SIGs. the TRS-80 
Professional SIG and the Color Com- 
puter SIG. MNET-80 veterans feel the 
loss. Bob Snapp, president of Snappware, 
reflected, "The Model I is gone; the Mod 
III is up for sale. They, like MNET-80. 
have been replaced by the next genera- 
tion. In any event, it is always sad to see 
the passing of an old friend." 

Another former SIG member, Bob 
Spargo, agreed. "One of these days, my 
Model I is going to find its way out of the 
office towards its final destination: com- 
puter heaven (a/k/a the city dump). I'll 
miss it... I'm sad to see MNET-80 die too." 



MNET-80 hasn't vanished without a 
trace, however. Members saved parts of 
its data base and moved its more impor- 
tant files to the TRS-80 Professional SIG. 
You might say an old SIG never dies... its 
files just get transferred. 



Hot Items 

To succeed at selling home com- 
puters, you've got to "know your con- 
sumer," according to Rai Wasner, an 
analyst at Boston's Yankee Group mar- 
ket research firm. Yankee profiled the 
personal computer user for its clients in 
a 12-volume survey. The survey's per- 
sonal activity section offers some inter- 
esting statistics on the typical Tandy 
home computerist: 

• The average Model Hl/4 owner spends 
about six hours a week listening to rec- 
ords or tapes. 

• He or she spends 1 1 Vi hours a week 
watching television. Tandy owners like 
the evening news best, but for entertain- 
ment they most often watch "Knight Rid- 
er." They also display a fondness for 
sitcoms. Among all computer owners 
surveyed, "Hill Street Blues" tops the 
most- watched list. 

• Among all computer owners. TRS-80 
types spend the least amount of money 
per week on magazines, but they're 
number two in money spent on books. 
IBM owners are number one. 

• After Commodore 64 owners. Radio 
Shack computer owners spend more 
money in video arcades than any other 
computer owners. 

• The average Tandy computer owner 
spends about $6 a week on movies. 

• Fifty-six percent of Model Hl/4 owners 
also use TRS-80 computers in school. 
Twenty-eight percent use Apples. By 
comparison, 78 percent of Apple owners 
use Apples at school while only 10 per- 
cent use TRS-80s at school. 

• Tandy computerists listen to all kinds 
of music on the radio but, more than any 
other group, they also like to listen to all- 
news stations. CoCo users are evenly 
split between country music and rock. 

• Tandy owners tend to be married, al- 
though their divorce rate is three times 
that of other computer owners. 

• Model III/4 users make half as much 
money as IBM owners. 

• Ten to 20 percent of the Radio Shack 
owners surveyed own their own busi- 
nesses. 

• The typical Tandy owner spends five 
and one-half hours a week working at 
home. 

•Tandy owners tend to be nonpolltical. 
They also participate less in cultural activ- 
ities, like going to the opera or museums, 
than other computer enthusiasts. ■ 



22 • 80 Micro, June 1965 



TRS-80 MODEL 4 

Word Processing Program 




_ 80x24 DISPLAY using TRSDOS 6 or any MODEL III DOS. 
Built-in FORM LETTER and MAIL-MERGE capabilities. 
I Built-in HYPHENATION capabilities. 

55 seperately programmable MACRO FUNCTION KEYS. 

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D Integrates with ELECTRIC WEBSTER spelling checker. 
C Keyboard entry and printing of 31 European Characters and 

special symbols. 
C LeScript also available to run on TRS-80 MODEL I, MODEL 

III, LNW-80, LNW-TEAM (80-24). Holmes VID-80 (80x24), 

and Lobo MAX-80 (80 • 24). 
G CP/M and TRS-80 MODEL II versions now available (only 

S199.95). 

□ MODEL 2/12/16 Versions now available for TRS-DOS 2.0, 
TRS DOS 4.2 and CP/M 



CAli 1 -305-259-9397 



ANITEK SOFTWARE PRODUCTS 
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TRIAL-SIZE DISK OFFER 

Fill out and return this coupon to receive a free trial-size copy 
of the LeScript word processing system - a $25.00 value. 



Name 


Address 


City 




State Zip 


Telephone 

My system is: 
a Model I HI 
a Model 4 
o MAX-80 
a LNW-TEAM 

Send to ANITEK • 


c Holmes VID-80 
o Model II 
a CP/M Model 4 
D CP/M MAX-80 

P.O. Box361136 • 


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D TANDY-2000 
□ IBM PC 

Melbourne. FL 32936 



January 1985 

The PRODUCER gained 

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based on 

Ease of Use 

Quality Documentation 

Freedom from Bugs 




You can quickly create programs 

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inventory control, catalogs, 

loan calculations, schedules, 

personal finances. 

The only limit 
is your imagination! 



THE PRODUCER 

CAN SAVE YOU MONEY! Why buy 

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Investing in The PRODUCER is money 
saved over and over again 

THE PRODUCER 

CAN SAVE YOU FRUSTRATION! No 

more frustrating dependence on 
inadequate software that someone else 
packaged for mass consumer use With 
The PRODUCER you can design and 
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PRODUCER helps you plan what you 
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the push of a button 

THE PRODUCER 

CAN SAVE YOU TIME! What formerly 
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The PRODUCER'S easy to follow Tutorial, 
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Professional 
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Beginners can program with no experience necessary. 
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WITH THE PRODUCER 
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• An easy-to follow tutorial that takes you 
step by step through The PRODUCER 
process It's all you need to get started and 
even lets you create an actual program as 
you learn 

• The best screen generator available 
anywhere. You have full screen control 
including graphics You can add, insert, 
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or between screens 

• Full support lor all math functions, 

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• A B-Tree file structure, that gives 
extremely fast access to data, allows 
global search and replace, data entry by 
batch mode and automatic file rebuilding. 

• The Freeform Report Generator provides 
amazing versatility to design text 
placement, interfield calculations and 
formats You can even print reports on 
your standard forms 

• Full editing control at all times. You can 

easily edit and refine at any point, 
including the finished program, without 
having to start over. That's a feature not 
found on other products. The screen 
generator lets you experiment, rearrange, 
"cut and paste" between trial screens and 
change your mind any time you wish. 

• A hilly indexed reference manual of over 
200 pages gives you complete technical 
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need to read it. but it is all there just in 
case. 

• Outstanding technical support. Your 
PRODUCER package comes with four 
free issues of The PRODUCER quarterly 
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programs do not need the original 
PRODUCER system disk to run. so they 
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*•••* 



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impressed I was. After only one month, it 
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Reviewer. 80 Micro 

The Producer is an excellent package, 
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Reviewer. 80 Micro 

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"The Producer is certainly one of the better 
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Reviewer. Basic Computing 




TRS-80 Models 
I, III, IV, 4-P 

Requires 48K. 2 Disk Drives 

$199.95 
1-800-433-5355 

(TX) 21 4-456-0074 

Ask about DATA SHUFFLER 

All purpose Sort Merge program. 

We accept money orders, cashier's checks, 
VISA, Master Card, and American Express 
Circle 76 on Reader Service card 



Producer Software. P.O Box 610- 



DFW Airport. TX 75261 



READER EXCHANGE 



J 



Thrifty Idea 

Model 4P owners outraged over the 
price of Radio Shack's parallel printer 
cable ($39) can save about $20 with this 
alternative: Buy a Model 100 printer 
cable (catalog number 26-1409. $14.95) 
and a 34-position card-edge connector 
(catalog number 26-1564, $4.95). 

Install the card-edge connector to the 
ribbon cable with the blue-striped con- 
ductor at position 1 , and plug the connec- 
tor into the Model 4P with the blue stripe 
toward the outside of the case. I left the 
Model 100 header connector in place on 
my cable, and can now use one cable for 
both computers. 

Michael Shrout 

200 N. 35th Ave. #98 

Greeley, CO 80631 

Debugging CP/M 

Regarding my article, "The Dating 
Game" (October 1984. p. 114). I've dis- 
covered another bug in the CP/M Plus date 
routine. The faulty code is in the section 
following that where I corrected the leap 
year problem. 

CP/M plus adds the days of each month 
to the Date variable in the system control 
block. Unfortunately, it uses the A register 




to hold the date total. This is a single byte 
register that holds 256 decimal, not the 
365 required for total days. After Septem- 
ber, the dates start over: Oct. 1 becomes 
Jan. 18. 

The BIOS patch in the Figure uses the 

IX register to eliminate the problem. Put 

your working version of DOS in drive 1. 

Drive zero should contain SID and Set: the 

default drive is zero. Type in SET 

B:CPM3.SYS (RW) and SID B:CPM3.SYS. 

Charles F. Alexander 

188 E. 11th St. 

Clifton. NJ 0701 1 



Banked 


Unbanked 


Banked 


Unbanked 


Version 


Version 


Version 


Version 


S0553 


S04C4 


CD 


CD 


16 


16 


68 


D9 


00 


00 


Fl 


E7 


DD 


DD. 


2A 


2A 


21 


21 


F4 


F4 


00 


00 


D2 


CA 


00 


00 


DD 


DD 


5E 


5E 


E5 


E5 


DD 


DD 


Dl 


Dl 


19 


19 


19 


19 


OD 


OD 


06 


06 


23 


23 


00 


00 


C2 


C2 


09 


09 


D9 


4A 






FO 


E7 


WB:CPM3. 


WB:CPM3. 


2A 


2A 


SYS. 100. 


SYS. 100. 


87 


F8 


5CFF 


3FFF 


Fl 


E7 






Figure. BIOS patch to correct CP/M Plus's 


addition of months. Press the enter 


key after you enter each line of data. 







Big Difference 

I use a technique similar to that 
described in "The GW Difference." by 
Jim Heid (February 1985. p. 42) to 
simplify writing programs that require 
PRINT® statements on the Model I/ffl. 

By defining the PRINT® location (with 
the DEF FN command) as FNL%(A% J3%) - 
(A% + 1)*64 + B% + 1 in the beginning of 
the program, you won't have to consult 
screen charts to locate the print position. 
A PRINT® statement then looks like: 
100 PRINT® FNL%(3.10). "Here". This 
is similar to GW-Basic's Locate 3.10 
statement. 

Also. LPRINT TAB allows a tab only to 
127 on the Model m (63 on the Model I). The 
line DEF FN T$ (A$.B%) = STRING$ 
(B% - PEEK(16539),32) lets you tab to 255. 

John M. Tuttle 

58 Broadlawn Village 

Ardmore. OK 73401 

The LNW Source 

LNW owners take heart! Wilson Tech- 
nical Service (9421 Madison Ave.. West- 
minster. CA 92683. 714-531-8136) pro- 
vides service and support for all LNW 
products. 

Upgrades, expansion interfaces, re- 
placement parts, software, and accesso- 
ries are also available. The WTS bulletin 
board (same number as above, 11:00 
p.m. to 8:00 a.m.) provides information 
and technical support. Parameters are 
8-bit words. 1 stop bit, no parity. 

—Eds. 

Quick Cubic 

The following changes make my Cubic 
program ("Formula Solutions." January 
1985. p. 116) run faster and more ac- 
curately. 

In line 120 change ,140 to .135. and in 
line 1 50 change GOTO 140 to GOTO 1 35. 
Also, add these lines: 

135 IF FNB(S) = 0.H = S:GOTO 160 
136IFFNB(L) = 0.H = L:GOTO 160 

Finally, delete CC = 32 in line 20; its a 
useless remnant of an earlier version of 
Cubic. 

Mike O'Neal 

220 N. College Ave. #18 

College Place, WA 99324 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 25 



Circle 86 on Reader Service card 



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Stale 01 the en technology ■" boa'd design our d»ect replacement o' Radio Shack »* 
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26 • 80 Micro. June 1985 



READER EXCHANGE 



Random Roots 

Bob Barringer wanted to know how to 
seed the Model Ill's random number 
generator (December 1984, p. 29). The III 
stores the seed as a 24-bit number at loca- 
tion 40AA-40AC hexadecimal (hex) 
(16554-16556 decimal). The Program 
Listing shows how you can set the seed 
number. 

Also, memory location 4210 hex 
(16912 decimal) is a flag buffer for Basic. 
The Table shows the effect of changing 
bits 0. 2, and 3. 

JlmFoss 

675 Alvarado Ave. #16 

Davis. CA 95616 

Aid Forum 

I have a Base 2 Model 800 printer and 
need software and technical information 
for it. I'm also interested in software that 
uses the printer's dot graphics capabili- 
ties, including any bar code programs. 



Also, does anyone know of any soft- 
ware that I can adapt to the Base 2 for bar 
code applications? 

Donald Grevenow 

292 Barkley Place E. 

Whitehall. OH 43213 

CompuServe *72425.352 

Here in England, no magazine caters 
specifically to the TRS-80. 1 have a range 
of English computer magazines with 
broader, multicomputer coverage. I'll 
swap them with anyone who can offer me 
back issues of 80 Micro. 

Paul Cash 

18 Peak Ridge 

Havant. Hants P09 3LU 

England 

We won 't swap, but FY1, back issues 
are available from the Back Issue Order 
Dept.. 80 Micro. 80 Pine St.. Peter- 
borough. NH. 03458. 

—Eds. 





Program Listing. Program to set seed number. 






10 


POKE 


16554 


10: 


POKE 


1.6555,10: 


POKE 16 556, 


10 




20 


FOR 


1=1 TO 


20: 


PRINT 


RND(100) 


: NEXT I 






30 


POKE 


16554 


10 


POKE 


16555,10 


POKE 16556 


,10 




40 


FOR 


[«1 TO 


20: 


PRINT 


RND(100) 


: NEXT I 




End 



Arnold E. Van Beverhoudt Jr.'s Graph- 
master program ( "By the Numbers," 
February 1985, p. 68) is terrific. I only 
wish I had the expertise to make the print 
option work on my Radio Shack LPVI 
printer. Has anyone done that? 

Martin Sweitzer 
2324 S.E. 52nd Ave. 
Portland. OR 97215 

Send correspondence to Reader Ex- 
change, do 80 Micro. 80 Pine St. Peter- 
borough. NH 03458. 



Bit 


Function 


0(Set) 


Turns on real-time clock 




(CMD "R") 


(Reset) 


Turns off real-time clock 




(CMD "T") 


2 (Set) 


Set text mode to 32 wide 




(PRINT CHR$(23)) 


2 (Reset) 


Set text mode to 64 wide 




(PRINT CHR$(28)) 


3 (Set) 


Set special character set 




(PRINT CHR$(22)) 


3 (Reset) 


Set alternate characters 




(PRINT CHR$(22)) 


Table. Bits and functions at location 


4210 hex. 





* 






DISPLAYS CORRECT SPELLINGS: 

If you don't know the correct spelling, 

EW will look it up for you. and display 
the dictionary 

VERIFIES CORRECTIONS: If you 

think you know the correct spelling of 
a word. KVV will check it fin- you before 
making the corrections 

HYPHENATES AUTOMATIC AI J A : 

(Optional). Inserts discretionary hy- 
phens throughout text 

GRAMMAR & STYLE CHECKER: 
(Optional'. Identifies 22 types of com- 
mon errors. Makes suggested cor* s 

rections with the stroke of a key. f 
Runs within EW. 




Metric 
Webster 

V^LUNGCHECKER 

Sift 



50,000 WORD DICTIONARY: Uses 
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This dictionary b tint [niblivrx-d b) ilw Original juihh.ti. i . of 
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ACCLAIMED: 

"Electric Webster is the lust. Just read 
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Computer User. 1184 

Performance "Excellent"; Documentation 
"Good"; Ease of Use "Excellent", Error 
Handling "Excellent" Info World. 8182 



• •••* 



80 Micro. 3 86 



LOW PRICES: 

TRS-80, Model I III or IV $ 89.95 

w/Correcting Feature $149.95 

Hyphenation $ 49.95 

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CP.-M. PC/DOS or MODEL 1/2000 
Electric Webster, $199.95 

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Hyphenation, and Grammar 



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Circle 9 on Read«r Service card 



REVIEWS / edited by Ryan Davis-Wright 



Fontastlc DotWriter: 
Making Your Words Count 



by R. Walter Steur 

***•• 

DotWriter runs on the 
Models III and 4. It requires 
two disk drives and one of 
the supported printers. Pro- 
soft. Box 560. N. Hollywood. 
CA 91603, 800-824-7888 or 
8 1 8-764-3 131. $79.95 Model 
III. $99.95 Model 4. Letter- 
set Design System $39.95 
or half price if ordered with 
DotWriter. 

Easy to use: ***** 
Good docs: ***** 
Bug free: ***** 

Does the Job: ***** 

It's hard to find much 
that's unique in word pro- 
cessors today: they all provide the basic 
functions necessary to prepare and print 
text. New twists in text processing now 
come from document formatters, software 
that lets you dictate the final appearance 
of a document. Formatters have gotten so 
sophisticated that they're almost at-home 
typesetters. Prosoft's newest version of 
their text formatter. DotWriter 4.0, exem- 
plifies this. DotWriter gives you a plethora 
of text formatting commands, offers 14 
type fonts, (see Fig. 1) and produces high- 
resolution graphics within text. It works 
with any word processor that saves text in 
ASCII format, is easy to use. and won't 
break your bank. 

Features 

You control your document's appear- 
ance by embedding DotWriter commands 
in your text, to the exclusion of your word 
processor's own formatting commands. 
Since DotWriter provides default settings 
for almost all its commands, you only 
have to program those features of par- 
ticular interest. With a simple letter, you 
could just specify the letterset you want to 
use and leave almost everything else to 
DotWriter. 

If you want to customize your docu- 
ments, however. DotWriter accommo- 
dates you. It lets you set margins (left, 
right, top. and bottom), page lengths, text 




indents and offsets, top and bottom title 
margins, line height, and line spacing. 
You can also center text, allow space for a 
logo on the first page of a document, and 
set horizontal and vertical accent lines 
(see Fig. 2). 

DotWriter's text control commands in- 
clude those to start new paragraphs, turn 
on proportional printing (even if your 
printer doesn't have that feature), set the 
spacing between characters and words, 
invoke reverse printing, and enlarge let- 
ters. The commands also control double- 
strike and emphasized printing, text Justi- 
fication, and lettersets for your main, title, 
and alternate typefaces. 

One command forces a new page imme- 
diately while another forces a page only if 
fewer than a specified number of lines re- 
mains on the current page. You can turn 
on and off automatic page numbering. 

DotWriter provides ways to highlight 
specific portions of your text too (see 
Fig. 2d). As shown by the double-width 
italics (the alternate font), you can use 
the command codes in combination with 
each other. 

DotWriter also provides kerning, a fea- 
ture not normally found in text format- 
ters. Usually, a print formatter prints let- 
ters independently of one another, but 
kerning takes letter "overhang" into ac- 
count when printing. For example, in the 



word "To." DotWriter tucks 
the small "o" under the "T." 
Kerning is helpful in giving 
italicized letters the same ap- 
parent spacing as a Roman 
letterset. Figure 2b illus- 
trates its effect. 

DotWriter supports ver- 
tical tabs, which let you re- 
turn to a specific vertical 
location in your text. You can 
use the new vertical tab com- 
mand to insert tables, and 
graphs in your text. 

DotWriter supports ver- 
tical tabbing in your printout 
as well. When you insert the 
Skip command in your text 
with a parameter of - 1000. 
for example, the printer 
returns to the desired loca- 
tion on the page, whether it 
has to forward or reverse line feed. Then 
you can adjust margins and line length, 
change lettersets. or do whatever else you 
need to do. 

Figure 2 was printed using an extension 
to the Skip command that forces reverse 
line feeds on those printers with that capa- 
bility, such as the C. Itoh 8510/1550 and 
the Epson FX series. As with forward line 
feeding, you can specify the exact number 
of lines the printer should back up. 

Like a commercial typesetter. Dot- 
Writer 4.0 lets you set columns of text, 
with or without a vertical line separating 
them. You can set the number and width 
of text columns, too. within the con- 
straints of your preset line length. 

You can use the vertical tabs with the 
column feature. On the first page you 
want a column printed, you can start 
printing the full line length, then mark the 
vertical location and start column print- 
ing. On subsequent pages, column print- 
ing will start at the top margin and con- 
tinue until you rum off the command. A 
conditional column command, similar to 
the conditional page command, forces a 
new column if more text lines than a set 
number are available. 

For those writing reports, papers, or 
even software manuals. DotWriter can 
prepare both a table of contents and an in- 
dex as it prints a text file. The resulting 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 29 



REVIEWS 



table of contents and index files follow a 
default format and, prior to printing, can 
be edited like any other DotWriter text file. 
(Multiple text files printed as one using the 
Append command will produce a cor- 
rectly paginated table of contents and in- 
dex files for the complete document.) 

DotWriter offers several ways to insert 
text into your file. First, you can embed a 
new file anywhere in your main file. This 
is useful for standard headings, saluta- 
tions, closures, and boilerplate para- 
graphs. Second, you can chain files to- 
gether. Third, you can enter a line of 
text from the keyboard during the print- 
ing run. 



Improvements to the 
original DotWriter 
include better error- 
handling and a soft 
hyphen command. 



Printing 

DotWriter uses your printer's bit-image 
graphics to print a variety of letter styles 
and high-resolution graphics. 



Medium Bold 

lypeRiter 



FLAT FACED 
SmII Plain 



Micro Print 

ginifjubes 

Plain 



MEDIUM BOLD E 

Greek fl>ttf) Letterset 

|fil English 

Figure 1 . Lettersets furnished with DotWriter. 



Big Bold 
Bold 



Small E nn » n c«J 



(a) 




Proporti onal Pri 


nt Off 


Proportional Print Onl 




(b) 

Kith KR OFF: ToTaL LT 


MULTIPLY 


Hith KR ON: ToTaL LT 


MULTIPLY 


(c) 

Printing with PI 





Printing with PI 1 




Printing with PI 2 




Printing Kith PI 3 





(d) 

Specified as the alternate font, an 

italicized font can be used to 
emphasise a word or phrase. Either 

or both the main font and the 

alternate font can be 
printed double wide in context. 



Bold printing Is also possible. 



Figure 2. Different printing controls for DotWriter. (a) Proportional printing, (b) 
Kerning control, (c) Print pitch control, (d) Text emphasis control 





Small TypeRiter and Italics ModERN UncIaI ^ bb Mfc ■ I 

Bold Nostalgia Ccnputer st w ie ?\A$y 

^^X^r-wvi III I^P Medium Text Size Three 

Bold 1-Lini and Italic* ^|^J^JE« ^CAMlL 

florraktt ™ 
fotljit torsion t |t« 



SQUARt/RUSTIC ROMAN 



Slim 



Figure 4. Examples of optional lettersets. 



Print density (the number of dots per 
inch) varies widely among printers, and 
on some, such as the C. Itoh and Radio 
Shack DMP printers, you can control it 
within a specified range. It provides an- 
other way to customize the appearance of 
text, as well as to pack more text into a 
given space. Figure 2c demonstrates the 
effect of varying the pitch, where PI2 is the 
default setting. 

DotWriter provides an Ignore command 
that lets you skip over all text and format 
commands, process commands but ig- 
nore text, or ignore only the commands 
that set the main, alternate, and title let- 
tersets. This is especially useful to check 
rough drafts and refine writing efforts. 

You can stop the printing process at any 
time and enter a valid DotWriter com- 
mand from the keyboard. The command 
takes effect immediately but will not be- 
come a permanent part of your file. This 
gives you the chance to correct command 
errors and omissions on the fly. DotWriter 
interfaces directly with both NewScript 
and AllWrite from Prosoft, making these 
two particularly easy to use as editors for 
preparing DotWriter text files. 

You can also send multiple ASCII values 
to the printer to use all its capabilities, in- 
cluding those not directly implemented in 
DotWriter. For example, if you have a col- 
or printer such as the C. Itoh 8510SCP or 
the Radio Shack CGP-220, you can print 
in color as shown in Fig. 3. This gives you 
a hint of what you can accomplish with 
some ingenuity. 

New Features 
And Enhancements 

The enhancement most apparent with 
DotWriter 4.0 is speed. Prosoft completely 
rewrote version 4.0 in machine language, 
so that DotWriter prints normal text files 
virtually nonstop. Another improvement is 
in proportional printing. At print time, the 
program checks the width table of the cur- 
rent letterset to process text into propor- 
tional lines. Figure 2a shows the differ- 
ence between standard and proportional 
printing. 

Other improvements to the original Dot- 
Writer include better error-handling and a 
soft hyphen command. A hyphen is printed 
only if the soft hyphen symbol occurs at the 
end of a line; otherwise it is discarded. You 
can insert a page range command at the 
start of the text file or entered at the start of 
print processing. DotWriter will print only 
the text in the specified range. 

Options 

In addition to the 14 standard lettersets 
supplied with DotWriter. ProSoft offers 36 
optional font disks, each containing from 
three to 12 different lettersets. Figure 4 il- 
lustrates some of the 235 optional letter- 



30 • 80 Micro, June 1986 



REVIEWS 



sets. Each optional font disk costs either 
$ 1 7.95 or $24.95, depending on the type of 
font. ProSoft also provides a custom font 
disk service that lets you pick a minimum 
of 10 fonts on one disk, at $5 per font 

Despite the huge number of fonts avail- 
able, you may need to create a new letter- 
set modify an existing one, or perhaps 
design a logo. For these purposes, the Let- 
terset Design System (LDS) is available, 
which comprises two parts: the Tiny Graph- 
ics Editor and Programmer (TGEAP) and 
the Letterset Manipulation Utilities (LSMU). 

TGEAP is the drawing program used to 
create or modify letters or graphics on 
your monitor screen. LSMU lets you re- 
fine, combine, change the sizes and posi- 
tions of symbols in your lettersets, and 
proportionalize the letterset. Both pro- 
grams execute quickly. The LDS is only 
offered in a Model I/HI version because of 
the unsymmetrical graphics on the Model 
4. But letterset files prepared with LDS are 
directly usable on the Model 4. 

Conclusions 

Dot Writer 4.0 has been debugged 
thoroughly. The documentation (typeset 
with Dot Writer) is clear and thorough. It 
includes a table of contents, an index, a tu- 
torial on getting started, and an explana- 
tion of each Dot Writer command. A num- 
ber of helpful hints on using the program 
are also included. Overall, the documenta- 
tion is excellent. 

Despite all the improvements made to 
Dot Writer, the cost has risen only $10 
since version 1.5 became available in late 
1 982. If you want to produce documents 
or text with something more than the 
standard printer fonts. DotWriter may be 
just what you're looking for.B 



The Star Ratings 

80 Micro's star ratings reflect our re- 
viewer's impression of a product. 

In most cases, the overall rating is an 
average of the ratings in each of the 
four specific categories. However, 
some overall ratings may be higher or 
lower than this average, depending on 
the reviewer's subjective opinion. 

The stars mean: 
• • * • * Superior: • • • • Excel- 
lent; • • • Good; • • Fair: • Poor. 

The ratings terms translate as follows: 
Easy to use: How easy is it for the new 
user to use the hardware/software/ 
book? 

Good docs: Is the documentation clear 
and helpful in explaining the product's 
use and anticipating user problems? 
Bug free: Did the reviewer encounter 
any bugs while using the product? 
Does the job: How well does the product 
do what it was designed for? 



Hard-Driving 
NEWDOS/80 

by David Dalton 

• •••• 

The NEWDOS/80 Utilities runs on the 
Model III and requires one disk drive and 
either NEWDOS/80 2.0 or 2.5. Sold by 
Software Success. P.O. Box 1048, Wind- 
sor. CA 95492. $49.95. Supported by 
Newsoft Products. P.O. Box H. Fulton. 
CA 95439. 

Easy to use: * * * * * 
Good docs: * * * * ft 
Bug free: * * * * * 
Does the Job: ***** 

AU Model rn disk operating systems 
have their loyal users, and this is 
certainly true of Apparat's NEWDOS/80. 
Once you get accustomed to rambling 
commands like: 

COPY.0.4..NFMT.USR.CBF.CFWO./DAT. 

SPDN-8 
you can't live without them. But NEW- 
DOS/80 lacks certain useful utilities, par- 
ticularly those that help in file handling. 

The NEWDOS/80 Utilities address this 
shortcoming. It provides four utilities: one 
puts your directories in alphabetical order 
(DIRSORT), one restores a killed file (Un- 
kill), one displays a list of killed files whose 
names are still in the directory (DFLIST). 
and one sets aside memory for use as a 
printer spooler (RAMSPOOL). 

The NEWDOS/80 Utilities is particularly 
useful for NEWDOS/80 users who consis- 
tently work with a large number of files, 
especially owners of 80-track drives or 
hard disks. 

DIRSORT 

I have a 10-megabyte hard disk on my 
system. It's sectioned into eight logical 
drives, which means that the hard disk 
acts like eight very large floppy disks. 
There's room for a total of 1.968 files. 
Finding one file in a directory of almost 
2.000 files can be a pain. Until now, I 
hadn't seen a useful utility for managing 
files on the hard disk. 

DIRSORT handles the problem of long 
directories in a unique way. If you type in 
DIRSORT,2 the program reads the direc- 
tory on drive 2, sorts the file names, and 
rewrites your DIR/SYS in alphabetical 
order. As you add and kill files, the direc- 
tory works its way out of order again, but 
all you need do is use the DIRSORT com- 
mand again. I've found this helpful, and 
DIRSORT's quick and easy to use. 

UNKILL 

If you've ever killed a file and wished 
you hadn't, you'll like UNKILL. When you 



kill a file, your DOS doesn't actually erase 
it from the disk. It makes certain changes 
in the directory, and frees up the killed 
file's space. 

Just type in UNKILL followed by the file 
name, and you've got your file back (un- 
less you've overwritten it with another 
file). If UNKILL can't restore the file, it gen- 
erates the message, "Unable to restore 
file. Granules have been reallocated." 

DFLIST 

The DFLIST command provides a list of 
killed files whose names still appear on the 
directory. Type in the command DFLIST.2 
and you'll get a list of all the files on drive 2 
you've killed. These files are candidates 
for the UNKILL command, since DFLIST 
doesn't check to see whether the files can 
be restored. 

RAMSPOOL 

NEWDOS/80 comes with a printer 
spooler. ASPOOL/MAS. but I haven't really 
used it much. The NEWDOS/80 Utilities' 
RAMSPOOL is better. It sets aside high 
memory for use as a printer buffer, then 
runs the printer as a background task us- 
ing interrupts. 

A computer uses interrupts to do differ- 
ent tasks at the same time. It has a sched- 
ule of background tasks, such as updating 
the real-time clock and making your cur- 
sor blink. RAMSPOOL adds printer buffer- 
ing to this schedule, with no noticeable 
slowdown in execution speed (except dur- 
ing disk input/output, when even your 
real-time clock is ignored). 

RAMSPOOL provides a number of pa- 
rameters for turning spooling on and off. 
and for specifying how much memory you 
want to allot to the spooler. It works only 
with parallel printers, and prints only files 
that use the ROM printer driver routines. 

You can use RAMSPOOL to LPRTNT or 
LLIST a program from Basic, send disk di- 
rectories to the printer, or print files from 
DOS. While RAMSPOOL is printing, you can 
use your computer to do whatever you want 

Documentation 

The documentation consists of only five 
pages printed on blue paper, and is meant 
to be inserted into your NEWDOS/ 
80 manual. The documentation is clear, 
but very little is needed because the pro- 
grams are so easy to use. Since these pro- 
grams aren't copy protected, you can copy 
them to your system disks as needed. 

Conclusion 

I've used all The NEWDOS/80 Utilities' 
programs regularly, and have encoun- 
tered no bugs. I found them a big help in 
managing my operating system. My only 
complaint with the package is the cost, 
$49.95, which is a third of the price of 
NEWDOS/80 itself. ■ 



60 Micro, June 1985 • 31 



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REVIEWS 



Beyond Basic 

by John B. Harrell m 

• •••• 

BetterBASIC runs on the Tandy 1000 
and 1200 (256K) with MS-DOS 2.X. and 
on the Tandy 2000 (256K) with MS-DOS 
2. 1 l.XX. Summit Software Technology, 
40 Grove St.. Wellesley. MA 02181, 617- 
235-0729. Programming system $199; 
8087 math module $99 (Tandy 1200 
only); runtime system $250. 

Easy to use: * ir ir ir ir 
Good docs: ir ir ir * "k 
Bug free: * * * ■& •& 

Does the job: ir ir ir ir ~k 

When I first heard of BetterBASIC. I 
thought it was just another prod- 
uct attempting to ride the coattails of Mi- 
crosoft Basic. As it turns out. BetterBASIC 
is far more than that. Not only does it con- 
tain the rich and robust features of Micro- 
soft's interpreter, it adds many others. 
You could say that this is a completely 
new language, derived from GW-Basic but 
with the completeness of Pascal or C. 

BetterBASIC compiles your source code 
to p-code, an interpretive pseudo-code. It 
also provides a highly structured, extensi- 
ble (define your own key words) language. 
The programming system can use all of 
your computer's memory (640K on the 
Tandy 1000/1200. 768K on the 2000). un- 
like Microsoft's interpreter which is lim- 
ited to 64K. And, you can develop sepa- 
rately compiled procedures and modules 
for inclusion in a subroutine library. 

With all of BetterBASIC 's features, you 
would think it would deviate significantly 
from standard Basic. But this system's 
base level was designed around Micro- 
soft's Basic and is virtually identical to it. 

Starting Out 

While BetterBASIC comes with a lot of 
documentation, Summit Software has 
done a superb job of writing it in plain En- 
glish. This is the easiest language manual 
I've ever read. 

BetterBASIC s system comprises differ- 
ent modules (see Fig. 5). You use a config- 
uration file to select program modules and 
other parameters of interest. After I loaded 
all the standard modules. I was surprised 
to see I had only 60K of program space 
available on my 256K Tandy 2000; on my 
512K IBM PC XT. I had 280K of program 
space. 

To become more familiar with Better- 
BASIC, I converted a large Pascal program 
(a cribbage game with graphics). The re- 
sultant BetterBASIC program took up 
1.500 lines of code and didn't contain a 
single GOTO or GOSUB statement. The 
code is clear, easy to read, and the modu- 
larity makes it almost self-documenting. 



The System 

BetterBASIC checks and compiles each 
program line as you enter it. providing an 
immediate response if you make a syntax 
error. The error message indicates the 
part of the statement where the error oc- 
curred and provides a clear message pin- 
pointing the problem. 

BetterBASIC supports record and 
pointer data types, full block structuring, 
separate procedures and functions, pro- 
cedure/function arguments with optional 
values, local variables and line numbers, 
recursion, separately compiled modules, 
and language extensibility. 

Two advanced features enhance the 
way BetterBASIC lets you develop proce- 
dures. First, you can use key word argu- 
ments, meaning that you must use a word 
as an argument. You can't pass data value 
with this word: It simply must be present 
Key word arguments can have more than 
one value and the presence of a particular 
word is determined from the numerical 
value assigned to the argument when you 
invoke the procedure. 

Second. BetterBASIC lets you develop 
procedure families — procedures whose 
functions are closely related. Each of these 
independent procedures has the same 
name but carries a different extension. 
When you use the root name, Better- 
BASIC matches the arguments to one of 
the members of the family, then invokes 
the procedure. 

Other Features 

Another BetterBASIC feature is its win- 
dowing capability. You can have up to four 
windows active on the screen at once. You 
define the windows with a simple com- 
mand; another command frames the win- 
dow and a third supports titles. You can do 
all of this in full color, using up to eight col- 
ors at once without ever using a graphics 
statement. 

The programming system also supports 
interrupts; you can intercept function 
keys, the system clock, and so on with an 
internal interrupt mechanism. Better- 
BASIC checks this pseudo-interrupt after 
each program line. These interrupts in- 
voke special interrupt procedures to han- 
dle the proper actions. 

BetterBASIC includes an advanced pro- 
gram chaining and overlay manager. For 
example, you can call a program segment 
as a subroutine and then return to the 
main program, resuming execution at the 
proper location. 

BetterBASIC supports MS-DOS 2.X file 
structures. AD Basic commands can use 
full path names to address files on the 
disks. Additionally, the Files module con- 
tains commands that let BetterBASIC 
add, change, or remove directories just as 
you would from the DOS command level. 

Another optional load module provides 



full support for making operating system or 
Basic input/output system (BIOS) calls 
from within the programming system. The 
SYSCALL command triggers the software 
interrupt identified by the parameter. 

Specially defined external variables in 
the module provide full access to the com- 
puter's internal registers prior to and after 
the system call. This includes full access 
to the central processing unit's flag reg- 
ister, used by many functions to return 
the completion status of a system call. 

Runtime System 

The runtime system converts programs 
prepared with BetterBASIC into stand- 
alone programs. According to Summit 
Software, you can sell (or give) these .EXE 
files to people who don't have a copy of 
BetterBASIC without regard to royalty 
payments. 

Instructions for creating a stand-alone 
module are simple and clearly indicated. 
The resultant programs aren't small. For 
example, the program I wrote was an 
ASCII text file of 35K. When compiled, it 
grew to 43K, and when converted to 
stand-alone, it was 78K. 



Math. BCD. Decimal floating-point 
arithmetic module. Supports variable- 
precision floating-point arithmetic, each 
procedure (module) can declare a dif- 
ferent precision. 

Console.TDY. Supports the console and 
display functions. This module also 
supports BetterBASIC's windowing 
features. 

Main. Supports several BetterBASIC 
statements and should be a part of each 
load configuration. 

File.DOS. Supports the file system for 
BetterBASIC. including MS-DOS 2.X 
path names and subdirectories. 
Graphics. TDY. Supports the high- 
resolution graphics adapter. Windows 
don't require graphics, but if you have 
the capability, you should include it in 
the configuration. 

Play. TDY. Supports statements to 
generate musical notes on the internal 
speaker. 

Event.TDY. Supports event-driven in- 
terrupt functions such as the On Key 
statement and timer interrupts. 
Chain. MOD. Supports the chain and 
call procedures to chain and overlay pro- 
gram modules. 

SYSCALL.MOD. Provides support for 
BIOS and DOS calls with a direct inter- 
rupt interface to the system and access 
to the content of each register. This 
module also supports the Shell com- 
mand so you can call the MS-DOS com- 
mand interpreter. 

Figure 5. BetterBASIC system modules. 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 33 



REVIEWS 



Evaluating BetterBASIC 

BetterBASIC isn't an interpreter, but 
you really can't consider it a true com- 
piler. Unlike a compiler such as Pascal. 
BetterBASIC provides an exceptionally 
simple user environment, just like the 
standard interpreter system. What's 
more, the line-by-line compilation with 
syntax checking is invaluable in detecting 
program errors early. 

I didn't expect its performance to even 
approximate that of a fully compiled lan- 
guage. I used a Sieve of Eratosthenes 
prime number program written in Better- 
BASIC. The Microsoft Basic interpreter 
performed one iteration in 67.3 seconds, 
while BetterBASIC executed one iteration 
in 12.9 seconds. By comparison. Microsoft 
Pascal executed 10 iterations in 4.3 
seconds. 

Disadvantages 

As with any program this large and 
new, there are bound to be things wrong 
with it. Different bugs have shown up in 
the soft keys and in the windowing func- 
tions. But Summit has fixed them in ver- 
sion 1.1. 

I had a hard time adapting some of my 
Basic graphics programs to BetterBASIC. 
The system initially defines two windows 
on the video screen: lines 1-24 for text and 
line 25 for status information. Several of 
the programs I tried to convert directly 
used the entire screen as a graphics 
display area. What I didn't know was that 
the system clips graphics to fit the se- 
lected window. 

Another peeve with the system is the er- 
ror messages the runtime support system 
generates. 

Many Microsoft programmers have be- 
come sloppy about using the end of the 
current line to terminate the open string. 
The compiler is unforgiving about the 
proper termination of strings, and this is 
guaranteed to give you a compile error al- 
most every time. 

Conclusion 

After using many different compilers 
and interpreters and more languages than 
you can count. I don't easily advocate 
changing from Microsoft Basic. It's an 
easy language for beginners and generally 
performs well. But. it has major shortfalls. 

One of its worst features is the rat's nest 
of GOTOs and GOSUBs many programs 
require. It's difficult to read one of these 
programs, because the logic flow is almost 
impossible to decipher. 

BetterBASIC is your answer if these 
problems sound familiar. The system is a 
treat. I even forgot that I was using Better- 
BASIC, it's that similar to Microsoft's in- 
terpreter. At the same time, it has so many 
unique features that it qualifies for a posi- 
tion of its own, and a lofty one at that. ■ 



Almost Super 
For the Model 4 

by Mark Goodwin 

• ••• 

Super runs on the Model 4/4P (64K). It 
requires two disk drives. Scientific Anal- 
ysis. 36 E. Baltimore Pike, Media, PA 
19063. $199. 

Easy to use: * * * * it 
Good docs: * * * * it 
Bug free: * * * * -to 

Does the job: -k ir ir it it 

Super is a reasonably priced data base 
manager for the Model 4 that offers 
sophisticated features like screened data 
entry and editing, posted transactions be- 
tween data bases, arithmetic calculations 
within individual records, and fast multi- 
level sorting. It holds a maximum of 64K 
of records, and access time is fast, a matter 
of seconds for a fully configured data base. 

While Super is a good Model 4 data base, 
it has weaknesses. It was originally written 
for older Radio Shack computers and the 
authors make only a bare-bones attempt 
at using the Model 4's advanced capabili- 
ties. And Super doesn't work with any TRS- 
DOS 6.X high-memory drivers or filters. 

Additionally, a more machine-specific 
version would give Super cosmetically 
better displays and data-entry screens. 
Had it been tailored more to the 4. with the 
ability to format reports for custom forms, 
Super really would be super. 

Super also comes In a Model 1000/ 
1200 version, but I tested only the Model 
4/4P version. 

Ini tializing the Data Base 

Since Super is completely menu driven, 
it's easy to use. You initialize the data base 
by specifying how Super should partition 
the records into fields. Each record can 
store up to 255 bytes of data and you can 
split the records into as many as 40 differ- 
ent fields. In addition, you can vary the in- 
dividual fields in length and type. In all. 
Super allows 2 1 different field types: three 
alphanumeric. 14 numeric, three special- 
purpose, and one of byte codes. 

After specifying field lengths and types, 
you design the data-entry screen. Al- 
though Super imposes a limit of only one 
data-entry screen per data base. I think 
you'll find that sufficient for most pur- 
poses. You design a data-entry screen by 
positioning the cursor at a field's desired 
screen location and pressing the enter 
key. repeating this process until you select 
all the field positions you need. 

Manipulating Records 

Super's Add mode lets you add records 
to the data base. One of the Add mode's 
features is production input, which lets 
you select fields Super will carry over to 



succeeding entries. For example, when 
you specify a mailing list's state as a pro- 
duction input field, you only have to fill in 
the state for the first entry. Thereafter, 
Super carries that information over to the 
next entry. Super automatically enters 
the same information until the end of the 
data entry session or until you change a 
production input field's contents. 

You can search the data base to display, 
edit or delete records in three ways: by 
record number, by specifiers, or by binary 
search. While searching directly by record 
number provides the fastest response, you 
won't know a record's number most of the 
time. Therefore, searching by specifier or 
the binary search are usually preferable. 

Searching by specifiers permits rela- 
tional searches, substring searches, range 
searches, and code searches. While 
Super's searching by specifiers is a power- 
ful feature, it could be improved by allow- 
ing wildcard characters. 

Binary searches can be an extremely 
quick method for extracting records from 
a sorted data base, but they will usually 
fail on unsorted data bases. 

Super's report generator provides sev- 
eral different report formats. You can dis- 
play and print data horizontally, print 
mailing labels, or print records as they ap- 
pear on the data-entry screen. Horizontal- 
ly formatted reports permit selection of 
specific fields, titles, headers, subtotals, 
and totals. Optionally, you can save hori- 
zontal report formats to disk for future 
use. Printing mailing labels is restricted to 
one-up mail labels only. 

Super's sort routine is fast. You can sort 
an entire data base to any level by specify- 
ing the appropriate sort keys. Any field 
within the data base qualifies as primary 
and secondary sort keys. Super sorts 
small data bases that don't exceed mem- 
ory limits quickly in memory. Sorting 
large data bases takes longer because of 
the required disk accesses. 

The Documentation 

Super's manual is quite good at provid- 
ing a working knowledge of the software, 
but it never explains how to transfer the 
program files to a TRSDOS 6.X system 
disk. Transferring program files between 
disks should be an easy task for experi- 
enced users, but novices may find the lack 
of Information a major deficiency. 

However, the manual is written for the 
Model I. the Model 11/16. the Model m. and 
the CP/M versions of Super. The only 
Model 4 documentation provided with 
Super is a one-page supplement. 

Conclusion 

Super isn't the be-all of Model 4 data 
bases— in fact Super and its documenta- 
tion don't serve the Model 4 user as well 
as they could. ■ 

Continued on p. 113 



34 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



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80 Micro, June 1985 • 35 



Circle 411 on Reader Service card 




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36 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Circle 411 on Reader Service card 



C P/M . . .The Software Key 
That Unlocks Your Model 4 

CP/M is the standard 8-bit Z-80 operating system and many thousands of programs have been written to run under this 
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' WE KEEP YOU RUNNING 




B0 Micro, June 1985 • 37 




A compendium of 
advice, tricks, and patches for 
Tandy 1000 users at all skill levels. 



THE TANDY 1000 TIP SHEET 



As an 80 Micro technical editor. I've 
covered the Tandy 1000 since it 
first came out. I use it every day. testing 
PC software compatibility, converting 
Model HI/4 software, and playing with its 
DOS and Basic. 

I kept notes of discoveries I made on the 
1000's idiosyncracies. read Tandy's ad- 
vance material (and asked them lots of 
questions), tapped CompuServe's 1000/ 
1200 special-interest group (SIG). and 
talked to 80 Micro readers. I ended up with 
a hodge-podge of information and advice 
about the 1000 that I'll present here. Some 
of this might be old hat to experienced users, 
but everyone, from the novice to the veteran, 
should find some useful tips. 



| DOS Prep 

I Your Model 1000 DOS offers a number 



of files that can make your system easier 
to use. To improve your 1000's operation 
and PC compatibility, you should create 
two files. CONFIG.SYS and AUTO- 
EXEC.BAT, on your DOS boot-up disks. 

► MS-DOS looks for CONFIG.SYS on boot- 
up before it displays the date and time 
prompts. You can write this file to set the 
number of buffers available for disk input/ 
output (I/O) and the number of files MS- 
DOS opens simultaneously. 

II you don't create CONFIG.SYS. MS-DOS 
uses its default values: two buffers, eight 
files, and so on. However, you should set the 
number of buffers higher than two to speed 
up programs with lots of file I/O. 

► You can also use CONFIG.SYS to specify 
device drivers, such as the two keyboard 
drivers (ANSI.SYS and KEYCNVRT.SYS) 
that come with the 1000's DOS (see below). 



CONFIG.SYS is an ASCII file you can 
create with DeskMate's Text program or 
another word processor: just type in each 
parameter on a separate line and save the 
file as CONFIG.SYS. For example: 

BUFFERS = 6 
FILES =10 

sets aside six buffers and opens 10 files. 

► Reserving more buffers speeds up disk 
I/O. but at the expense of some memory. 
Each buffer takes 528 bytes of RAM. If you 
haven't got much memory to spare, con- 
figuring a large number of buffers slows 
down some programs. Some commercial 
software packages come with instructions 
for setting files and buffers for optimal op- 
eration. 

► Your DOS's ANSI.SYS and KEYCNVRT 
SYS keyboard drivers can make the 1000 



38 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



• 















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by Dave Rowell 



more compatible with some IBM software. 
To install a driver, add a line to CON- 
FIG.SYS such as: 

DEVICE = ANSI.SYS. 

ANSI.SYS defines the display and key- 
board according to American National 
Standards Institute (ANSI) conventions: it 
also slows video display somewhat. PC- 
DOS provides this driver, too. 

KEYCNVRT.SYS redefines the 1000 
keyboard so that it behaves more like the 
PC's (more on keyboard compatibility 
later). 

► AUTOEXEC.BAT is a batch file, that is. 
a job control language (JCL) file like that 
TRSDOS 6.X's Do file creates. After exe- 
cuting CONFIG.SYS. MS-DOS looks for 
and executes AUTOEXEC if it exists. You 
can use it to set up subdirectories or 



change the default drive for an applieat ion 
that uses a data disk in drive B. 

Figure 1 shows my DOS disks AUTO- 
EXEC file. It puts the 1000 in color mode 
(it normally boots in black and white) and 
sets up the printer driver so it doesn't send 
a line feed with carriage returns. The 
printers here at 80 Micro add their own 
line feedfl (the Radio Shack standard), so 
this way I avoid unwanted double spacing 
without setting and resetting DIP switches 
every time I print. 

Batch files are ASCII files. You can type 
them in using a text editor, or you can use 
MS-DOS's standardized I/O capabilities to 
write short batch files, as shown in Fig. 1 . 
► The Copy command, usually used to 
copy files from one disk to another, ac- 
tually copies files from one device to an- 
other. In this case, you can use it to copy 



a batch file from the keyboard (device 
CON:) to disk. 

When you type in COPY CON: AUTO- 
EXEC.BAT and press the enter key. MS- 
DOS copies all subsequent keyboard input 
to a file called AUTOEXEC.BAT until you 
press control-Z (or F6) and the enter key. If 
the file doesn't yet exist, the DOS creates it. 

► If answering date and time prompts an- 
noys you. build an AUTOEXEC file without 
Date and Time. You won't see them again. 

► When you run programs written for the 
IBM PC on your 1000. you'll find that 

80 Micro, June 1985 • 39 



government, a New 



1 emple voters ^ 
— , iradi- won't find any nan 



Surprisingly, invoking the 1000's 
color mode improves the dis- 
play on monochrome monitors. 




many boot up in black and white unless 
you set the mode for color. Surprisingly, 
color mode also improves the display on 
monochrome monitors; you get full inten- 
sity instead of the half intensity some ap- 
plications display. 

►You can incorporate an Echo statement 
in batch files to display messages or 
prompts relevant to the execution of a 
batch file. For example: 

ECHO OFF 

ECHO. 

ECHO Place data disk in drive B. 

ECHO. 

displays a message telling you to put a 
disk in drive B. Echo Off prevents the dis- 
play of subsequent batch commands ex- 
cept for text following an Echo statement 
(as above). 

Echo followed by a period is a sneaky 
way to skip a line for a more pleasing ap- 
pearance. It does add time to batch file 
processing, however. 

Don't use less-than or greater-than sym- 
bols (<or>) in Echo commands. MS-DOS 
interprets them as indicating I/O redirec- 
tion and produces an error message or 
worse. 

► In batch files that change the default 
drive from A and then load an application 
program, add a final command changing 
the drive back to A. Otherwise, you might 
aggravate yourself by wrongly assuming 
drive A is the default drive when you leave 
the application. When the 1000 finishes 
executing your program, you'll see the 
A > prompt again. Here's a sample batch 
file— call it SUPER.BAT— that loads Su- 
pertext, a fictitious word processor: 

ECHO OFF REM turn off echoing of com- 

mands 

B: REM Supertext stores text 

files on B: 

A: SUPERTEXT REM load Supertext 

A: REM change default back to 

drive A 

The second command could just as well 
call a subdirectory where you store your 
application's data. When you specify a 
subdirectory, use the full path name; for 
example. B SUPERDATA. Don't assume 
the drive B default directory is the root or 
you may get an error message. Some pre- 
vious application may have left you off in 
a subdirectory of a subdirectory, and your 
batch file won't find Superdata. I learned 
the hard way. 

► MS-DOS provides a variety of JCL state- 
ments you can use in batch files, includ- 

40 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Two write-in candid 



ing conditional jumps and parameter 
shifts to allow consecutive processing of 
files in a loop. 

Exploring EDLIN 

►You'll often want to modify an existing 
batch file or change a device driver in the 
CONFIG.SYS file. You could load up your 
word processor, but that's a lot of bother for 
such a small file. Using EDLIN, MS-DOS's 
text processor, is quicker and simpler. 

It takes only five of EDLIN's one-letter 
commands to do what you want: L (to list a 
file), I (to insert new code), D (to delete old 
code), Q (to quit and ignore all changes), and 
E (to exit and update the file). You must pre- 
cede an Insert or Delete command with the 
line number you want to act on; typing in 
4D deletes line 4. To edit an existing line, 
type in its number. 

► Here's how to use EDLIN to install the 
KEYCNVRT.SYS keyboard driver in your 
CONFIG.SYS file so you can use an IBM 
PC program with minor board incompati- 
bility, like ThinkTank. Type in EDLIN 
CONFIG.SYS. The text editor loads, and 
in turn loads CONFIG.SYS. 

At EDLIN's asterisk prompt, press the L 
key and the enter key to list the file. In this 
case, the file is two lines long. To add a third 
line type in 31 and press the enter key. Type 
in the new fine: DEVICE = KEYCNVRT.SYS 
and press the enter key. Press control-C to 
leave the insert mode, then press the E key 
to exit EDLIN and save the changes. 

► Use the function keys to save key- 
strokes when typing in DOS, EDLIN, or 
Debug commands. I use F2 and F3 more 
than the others, usually to recover grace- 
fully from a mistake. F3 repeats the last 
command you entered, which MS-DOS 
stores in a buffer (similar to L in TRS- 
DOS's Basic editor). 

Pressing F2 followed by a character re- 
peats your last command up to that char- 
acter. Assume, for example, you typed in 
EDWIN AUTOEXEC.BAT and got a "Bad 
command" or "File name error" message. 
To correct your command line, press F2 
and W. The computer displays "ED". 
Type in L to replace the offending W, then 
press F3 and when the rest of the com- 
mand appears, press the enter key. 

It took only five keystrokes to correct 
EDWIN AUTOEXEC.BAT; retyping would 
have taken 19 keystrokes. The Insert and 
Delete keys also work logically with the 
function keys. 



Debug Session 

►Debug is the assembling debugger that 
comes on your DOS disk. It's not at all 
powerful as an assembler, but it's useful 
for writing small machine-language pro- 
grams or patches. 

Figure 2 shows a machine-language 
program I'll use as a Debug demonstra- 
tion. The program, called Query.COM, 
adds an important capability to your 
batch files: It accepts keyboard input as 
the batch file executes to make condi- 
tional branches. It tests only for a yes/no 
answer, but it's an ability I've always 
thought sorely lacking from MS-DOS's job 
control language. If you press Y or y, the 
computer sets an error code 1, one of the 
conditions you can test with an If... GOTO 
statement. 

To create Query.COM, refer to Fig. 2 as 
you follow these steps. Type in DEBUG. 
Type in N and the program's name 
(Query.COM). Press the A key to begin 
assembly. The computer displays an 
eight-digit memory location where assem- 
bly begins (XXXX:0100). The four num- 
bers before the colon vary; the number 
after the colon is always 0100. Complete 
this line as shown in Fig. 2 and press the 
enter key. Another memory location 
(XXXX:0102) will appear. Complete the 
instruction lines through memory loca- 
tion XXXX:0120, ignoring the comments 
following the semicolons. At location 
XXXX:0120 press either control-C or the 
enter key to end assembly. 

Type in R CX to view and alter the CX 
register contents. The computer displays 
the current contents followed by a colon 
prompt. To enter a new value, type in 20, 
the number of bytes in the program in 
hexadecimal format, and press the enter 
key. You can determine the number of 
bytes from the instruction addresses. 

Press the W key to write the 20 bytes 
starting at offset 0100, Debug saves the 
code you entered to the new file 
Query.COM. You now have a usable pro- 
gram. Press the Q key to return to DOS. 
►You can use Query.COM in your batch 
files to let users select program options. 
Figure 3, for example, shows an AUTO- 
EXEC file that loads a program called File 
used with a hard disk system. Anyone 
who doesn't want to load File can bail out 
of the AUTOEXEC sequence by pressing 
the N key at the prompt. 

► The DOS program More.COM filters out- 
put to the video display so that it pauses 
every 23 lines (one screen) until you press 
the enter key. To display the ASCII file 
Text.ASC on the screen with pausing, 
type in TEXT.ASC|MORE. The | symbol 
pipes the Type command's output 
through the More.COM filter before screen 
display, adding pauses. 

► Bob Spencer of Truckee, CA, has a 
patch to More.COM that lets you send an 
ASCII file to the printer with a pause after 
every page. Use Debug to install this patch 
(see Fig.4). 

First, make a new copy of More.COM un- 



der the name PMORE.COM by typing in 
COPY MORE.COM PMORE.COM. Type in 
DEBUG PMORE.COM. At the Debug 
prompt (a hyphen), enter a new value at 
memory offset 01D8 by typing in E 01D8. 
The computer displays the full memory 
address followed by the current contents 
( 1 8) and a period. Type in 36 and press the 
enter key. You have changed the pause 
length from 24 decimal (one screen) to 54 
decimal (one printer page). The length is 
actually this number minus 1 . You can set 
this number as you like. 

You can blank out the "-MORE-" mes- 
sage with nulls so it doesn't print out. 
Type in. at the next prompt, F01E101EA 
00. This command fills the message mem- 
ory locations (offset 01E1-01EA) with ze- 
ros. Save the altered program to disk by 
pressing the W key, then leave Debug by 
pressing the Q key. 

To use the patched PMORE.COM to print 
the file TextASC, type in TYPE TEXT.ASC 
| PMORE > LPT1. The > symbol replaces 
the standard output, your display screen, 
with your printer (LPT1 here). 

DOS Miscellany 

►Tandy's Disktype DOS utility comes in 
handy when you back up applications 
disks. The Back-up command requires 
that your destination disk have the same 
format as your source disk. Disktype ana- 
lyzes a disk and displays its format, along 
with the syntax of the Format command 
you need to prepare the back-up disk. 
►When MS-DOS tries to access a disk and 
the drive door is open, it returns a "Not 
ready error reading drive X" and prompts 
you to abort, retry, or ignore. Usually you 
close the offending latch and press the R key 
to continue what you were doing. Applica- 
tions software exhibits this same tendency 
if it uses DOS routines, but sometimes the 
message and prompt don't show on the 
screen because of a program's use of 
graphics. 

This happened to me one day; the open 
drive spun for a while and the program 
hung up with no change on the screen. I 
closed the drive door and pressed what I 
thought were appropriate keys, but got no 
response. On a hunch, I pressed the R key 
(for Retry). The program came to life, loaded 
the file, and I was forgiven. 
► With IBM's PC-DOS, you can use the 
Mode command to direct all printer output 
to a serial port. MS-DOS 2. 1 1 . the first ver- 
sion of the 1000's DOS. doesn't include this 
feature, but it's on the new release, which 
should be out now. 

A Little G W-Basic 

The 1000's GW-Basic isn't as different 
from TRSDOS Basic as you might think. 
The biggest changes involve graphics and 
GW's full-screen editor (see "The GW Dif- 
ference." February 1985, p. 42). Besides the 
printing bug mentioned in the sidebar, I've 
found a few things worth passing on. 
►While.. .Wend is a control structure new 
to most Model I/III users. As long as the con- 



AXX>PY CON 


t AUTOEXEC.BAT 






ECHO 


OFP 


REM 


Batch file commands won't show 


DATE 




REM 


Adds the date prompt 






TIME 




REM 


Adds the time prompt 






NODE 


CO 


REM 


Color mode 






LP 




REM 


Invokes LP.COM which 


patches 


MODE 


NODE 


LFOPF 


REM 


Eliminates linefeed with carriage-return 


"2 

A> 




REM 


CTRL-Z ends input 










Figure J 


. Sample AUTOEXEC batch file. 





A>DBBUG 






/Enter Debug 




-N QUERY. CON 




; specify program name 




-A 






/begin assembly 




XXXX: 0100 


MOV 


AH,1 






XXXXI01I2 


INT 


21 


/get keyboard input 




XXXX: 0104 


CMP 


AL,79 


/is it ASCII for Y? 




XXXX 10106 


JE 


116 


/then YES 




XXXX: 010 8 


CMP 


AL f 59 


/is it y? 




XXXXS010A 


JB 


116 


/then YES 




XXXXt010C 


CMP 


AL,6B 


/is it N7 




XXXX 101 BE 


JE 


11A 


/then NO 




XXXX s 0118 


CMP 


AL,4E 


/is it n? 




XXXX 10112 


JE 


11A 


/then NO 




XXXX : 0114 


JMP 


100 


/if not Y/N then again 




XXXX 10116 


NOV 


AL,01 


/YBSt return error level 1 




XXXX 1011 8 


JNP 


11C 


/jump to END 




XXXX 1011 A 


NOV 


AL,00 


/NOt return no error 




XXXX: 01 1C 


NOV 


AH,4C 


7 ends set to leave 




XXXX s SHE 


INT 


21 


/back to DOS 




XXXX 10120 


*C 




jCtrl-C ends assemble mode 




-R CX 






/display and change contents of 




CX 0000 






/CX register to number of bytes 




i20 






/in the program (20 hex idee imal) 




-w 






/write the program to disk 




writing 0020 bytes 






-Q 
A> 






/quit Debug/ you're done 




Figure 2. 


Using Debug to create a machine-language program. 





ECHO OPP 








DATE 








ECHO DO you 


want to use 


Pile (Y/N)? 


QUERY 






REM QUERY.COM gets reply 


IP ERRORLEVEL 1 


GOTO YES 


REM and sets error if yes 


GOTO NO 






REM Otherwise skips over 


:YES 






REM yes action 


ECHO Insert 


Fil 


b program 


disk in At 


ECHO and cl 


see 


Jrlve. 




PAUSE 






REM waits for enter key 


CD C«\PILB 






rem to File data subdir. 


A/PILE 






REM Run application 


CD C:\ 






REM Back to root dir. 


INO 






REM Continue on-no action. 


Figure 3. 


Adding query capability to batch files. 



A>COPY M0RE.COM PMORE. CON 
1 File(s) copied 



A>DEBUG PMORE. CON 

-E 01D8 

XXXX:01D8 18.36 

-F 01E1 01EA 00 

-W 

writing 110C bytes 

-Q 

A> 



/replace the 18 at offset 01D8 
/ with 36 (54 decimal) 
/blank out MORE message 
/write patched program to disk 



Figure 4. Patch to add pausing to printer output. 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 41 



the check . 

trustee Vhere w<u> ^.uiiy aiwa., 



electio 



>i the 



TypeinKEYON:KEYOFF 
to clear the screen's 25th line. 



Jaffrey, and other towns have seen 
'"*» interest 



> er. If he does not. thj 
-'e*>-44o^the^|iy^(r 



Fit to Print 

by Dave Rowell 

When it comes to using your printer with the Model 1000. you should encoun- 
ter only minor prohlems unless you stray too far from the Tandy trail. Radio 
Shack's computers and printer drivers assume that a printer generates its own 
line feed whenever it receives a carriage return. IBM computers (and others) let 
the software decide when to send a line feed. The 1000 happens to be PC -com- 
patible in this respect: you must set a switch on your Radio Shack printer to 
prevent it from generating extra line feeds. 

It you have an older Radio Shack printer without a line feed switch, you're still 
OK if you set up an AUTOEXEC batch hie that executes the programs LF.COM 
and MODE.COM (with the LFOFF parameter). To do so. run the 1000s LPINST 
program and answer the query about your printer. This utility creates an AU- 
TOEXEC". BAT file with the appropriate commands. It you've already written such 
a file, the utility modifies it. 

If you have an Epson printer, your troubles may be more than minor. Roy 
(artier of Winchester. VA. found that some Centronics-type 1000 printer cables. 
Including Tandy's, use pin 14. Input from the 1000 to this pin (unassigned on 
Epson printers) causes extra line feeds. Either cut this line — count 14 from the 
colored edge of the cable, slit along each side of the wire, pull it out. and snip it — 
or buy a (able from Epson. 

Another problem with Epson printers arises when you try to dump high-reso- 
lution graphics to your printer by pressing the shift and print keys simulta- 
neously. The lOOO's Graphics.COM program supports screen dumps of high- 
resolution graphics, but only for Radio Shack's CGP-220. 

Some 1000 owners have tried using PC-DOS's Graphics.COM program, written 
for Epson printers. The resulting dump prints out double-spaced and none of the 
techniques discussed above seem to help. Modifying the program is the solution. 
The patch in Fig. 5 eliminates the extra line feed from Graphies.COM. Graphies.COM 
works only in the display's two-color high-resolution mode (mode 2). however. Be 
sure to apply the patch to a back-up ofGraphics.COM in case you goof. 

Tandy says the lOOO's DOS upgrade will handle Radio Shack's DMP line of 
printers, and possibly non-Tandy printers. 

GW-Basic's LPRINT and LLIST commands exhibit a different, but solveable. 
bug: If you try to send lines longer than 80 characters to the printer, the 1000 
displays an out-of-paper or a device-timeout message. The undocumented solu- 
tion is to type in WIDTH LPRINT 255 before you invoke the list or print com- 
mands, or add the width statement to your program. 

Tandy reports that Okidata's Microlinc 80 printer can damage the lOOO's 
printer port due to high voltage on pin 34. You can get a fix that wont affect the 
port's function at Radio Shack Computer Centers. ■ 



A>C0PY GRAPHICS.COM EPSGRAPH.COM 
1 File (8) copied 

A>DEBUG EPSGRAPH.COM 

-E 02F7 90 90 90 

-W 

Writing 0315 bytes 

-Q 



A> 



Figure 5. Patch to PC-DOS's Graphtcs.COM to eliminate extra linefeeds. 



dition following the While statement re- 
mains true, the program repeats executing 
all code up to the next Wend statement 
(endlessly If you're not careful). 

I used to wonder about the value of this 
structure until I saw It used In this INKEY$ 
routine: 

100 PRINT "Press any key to continue." 
1 10 WHILE INKEY$ -•" :WEND 

It's more intuitive than the I/III's 
If... Then... GOTO structure and Is inde- 
pendent of line numbers, which doesn't 
matter in this case, but would if several 
lines of code preceded the Wend. 

► In some cases, it's nice that GW-Basic's 
CLS command doesn't clear the screen's 
25th line. However, when your misguided 
graphics program plots on the bottom line 
and you want to clear the whole screen. It's 
aggravating. At 80 Micro, we've come up 
with two solutions. The easiest is to type in 
KEY ON:KEY OFF. Use this in the com- 
mand mode; it doesn't make for profes- 
sional-looking programs, as the function 
key assignments flash on and off briefly, 
but it's functional. 

The second method uses the Line com- 
mand's fllled-box form. Essentially you fill 
the 25th line with a solid rectangle of the 
background color. You must calculate the 
proper coordinates for the graphics mode 
you're in, then fill the resulting box with the 
proper color. It's much quicker to clear the 
screen and box out the 25th line than to box 
out the whole screen. 

For graphics mode 1 with a black back- 
ground, use LINE (0.192)-(639.199),0.BF. 
The last line clears rather slowly, but it 
works. This routine doesn't work in screen 
mode zero, but you don't need it then. The 
Locate statement won't touch the 25th line. 
►When using the new graphics modes 5 
and 6 (found on the PCjr and the 1000), you 
must double the RAM allocated for video 
from the 16K default to 32K by typing in 
CLEAR... 32768. (The PC provides 16K of 
video RAM on the controller card exclusive 
of user RAM.) 

► If you embed machine-language subrou- 
tines in Basic programs, use the Call state- 
ment, especially if you're passing several 
variables. It's similar to the Model 4's Call 
command, except that the 1000 stores the 
passed variables' addresses on the stack. 

► Model in users may feel more comfortable 
with the lOOO's USR statement. Beware of 
the Basic manual, however. To return to 
Basic from your 8088 subroutine, use a 
simple Far Return command (RETF), not 
RET 7 as the manual states. I had to reboot 
my 1000 repeatedly until 1 consulted the 
IBM manual and got it right 

► Also, if you're used to pointing to a contig- 
uous block of Integer variables stored 5 
bytes apart, the separation is now 6 bytes 
because variable names are longer. But 
keep the variable names to two characters 
or the separation will be more than 6 bytes. 
►You can use Debug in a roundabout way 
to trace machine-language subroutines in 
your Basic programs. Load and run Ba- 



42 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Circle 25fl on Reaoer Service card. 




Circle 70 on Reader Service card. 



'<oRM 
*ILE N 



FILE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE FOR YOUR 

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Loading data with the FILE program is a snap, and 
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80 Micro. June 1985 • 43 



, y .i school, it will have .• 



uebate. U. 



Watch out for those speaker 
magnets — don't lean disks 
against the front of your 1000. 






>s *-J' Regardless of how you feel about 

"^ "--.Co**-— V«> maUer 




sic.EXE from within Debug, then run your 
Basic program. However, it's hard (maybe 
impossible) to set a breakpoint at your 8088 
subroutine because you can't predict where 
Basic's data segment (DS) will start in 
memory. 

By dumb luck, I found that starting Basic 
with a breakpoint set at offset 1020 (G 1020) 
makes it break at the first INPUTS state- 
ment encountered in a program. You can 
then see DS's contents and use the Trace 
command to single-step through your sub- 
routine. Put the first INPUT$ statement 
after any code setting up data for the sub- 
routine. When Basic loads, you'll see an er- 
ror message, but ignore it and run your 
program. 

DeskMate Details 

Tandy has fixed some bugs in and made 
some improvements to the new version of 
DeskMate (version 1.1): It's available freeas 
an upgrade. Here are some ideas you can 
use with either version. 
►If you use DeskMate with a VM-2 mono- 
chrome monitor and the screen seems dim 
or lacks contrast, change the tint using the 
function keys as explained on p. 25 of the 
DeskMate Tutorial. 

► Noisy phone lines can disconnect the 
Tandy 300-baud modem before it picks up 
a carrier signal. Tandy suggests adding 
some Pause commands (P) when you dial, 
like so: 1-800-123-4567PP. This gives the 
telephone line time to stabilize before the 
modem checks for the carrier. 
►To use automatic dialing from DeskMate 
with Tandy's 300-baud modem, you must 
program the modem every time you get on 
the system, since the default is manual di- 
aling. Chris Murphy of Baltimore, MD, sug- 
gests setting up an auto-log file in Telecom 
like the one below. Call it something like 
SYSINIT-LOG and have it dial your own 
number (no phone bill): 

NUMBER: •MDT123-4567X 

The asterisk opens the modem for pro- 
gramming, M toggles the modem from 
manual to automatic dialing, DT sets the 
modem for tone dialing (if appropriate), 
123-4567 is your phone number, and X 
tells the modem to execute the command. 

If this is the first call you make, the mo- 
dem will be set for autodialing the rest of 
the session. 
►To set up Telecom for voice dialing with- 

44 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



out turning on the modem, change your 
voice dial definition to this: 

SEND: »C*GM*\DT 
RECEIVE: T 
NUMBER 
SEND: PPX 
RECEIVE: X 
PAUSE: 2 
SEND: ' 

► Did you ever want to use DeskMate on 
an IBM PC. Tandy 1200. or other PC-com- 
patible computer with only 10 function 
keys? Here's a DeskMate modification to 
do Just that (stolen from CompuServe's 
1000/1200 SIG). You need a disk-editing 
program to change 2 bytes in Desk. EXE, 
DeskMate's main program. Unfortu- 
nately, you can't fix this with Debug be- 
cause it can't handle .EXE programs. 

Change memory locations OBCC and 
OBCD from 98 and 99 (keyboard scan 
codes for Fl 1 and F12) to 70 and 7 1 (ALT- 
F9 and ALT-F10). Tor find these locations, 
look near the end of the sixth file sector for 
the table of function key scan codes. ALT- 
F9 now shows the auxiliary functions and 
ALT-F10 becomes the exit key. DeskMate 
requires a color graphics board on a 1200 
or an IBM PC. 

Repair Service 

► Everyone knows the value of backing up 
important disks. You should also run 
CHKDSK periodically on the disks you use 
most. This DOS utility checks for errors in 
disk space allocation, and can do some mi- 
nor repairs. Use it regularly to stamp out 
disk problems before they grow into catas- 
trophes. 

►When a disk has damage that CHKDSK 

lion, g, , 



can't handle, another DOS utility. Re- 
cover, might be able to pull some of your 
data out of the fire. 

► If you're an old TRS-80 user, Super Util- 
ity Plus might be your favorite security 
blanket. The MS-DOS equivalent is called 
The Norton Utilities. It's as close to Super 
U as you'll get for now. It doesn't do a lot 
of the things Super U does, but in many 
cases it doesn't have to, because of the 
compatibility among different versions of 
MS-DOS. 

The NU also does things that Super U 
doesn't, and it's easier to use because it's 
aimed at a more business-oriented mar- 
ket. NU has what you need to recover lost 
data and edit files. However, one thing 
Norton doesn't offer is the ability to copy 
protected software. 

► Beware of leaning disks against the 
front of your 1000. The speaker magnets 
are directly behind the front of the plastic 
case. I haven't heard of any problems so 
far, but you never know. 

Board Room 

You'll find expansion boards out there 
fewer than 10 inches long that work in the 
1000. Tandy claims that any PC-compat- 
ible board will work. So far. I haven't 
heard any contradiction to this. The selec- 
tion isn't great, but more short boards will 
become available thanks to the IBM Port- 
able PC. which has slots even shorter than 
the 1000s. 

►Tandy has changed the way expansion 
boards mechanically attach to the back 
panel to improve grounding. You can eas- 
ily modify boards intended for the PC to 
fit in the 1000 by either cutting 1/2 inch 
from the tab on the board frame's bottom 
or by bending that tab. I cut the tab on an 
IBM serial board, and it works fine. How- 
ever. I did have to buy a gender changer 
for my RS-232 cable because the IBM port 
is male, while the Tandy board is female. 

Compatibility Questions 

The Tandy 1000 is mostly PC-compati- 
ble, but not absolutely. A few programs 
will never run on it because they fla- 
grantly violate MS-DOS conventions. 
Some other programs will cause prob- 
lems, but you can get them to run if you 
take the right steps. I've already men- 



You can easily modify 
expansion boards intended 
for the IBM PC by cutting 
or bending the tab on the 
-— *-*J^oard frame's bottom. 



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Ixire in Good Company 
Whenibu Program 



inBetterBASIC 




All of these companies rely on 
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BetterBASIC combines the features 
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Some of these features include the 
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o40K Now you can use the full 
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STRUCTURED Create 
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MODULAR Use procedures 
and functions grouped together to 
form "library modules" which are 
then available to you or anyone else 
for future use. 

INTERACTIVE Better 
BASIC acts like an interpreter 
because it responds to the users' 
commands in an immediate mode. 



However, each statement is actually 
compiled as it is entered. 

EXTENSIBLE Create your 
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Assembly Language support, makes 
this an ideal OEM language. 

COMPILED Each line of 
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SEE OUR REVIEW ON PAGE 33. 



I 



ana others, who are running for re- write-in cai 

Any of the two-button Color 
omputer joysticks will work. 

W'Rt. auditor, or library onW one write-in vo 
* im** «.V$ .jj *-^ \, 5 Most ^ j* 




tioned how to configure the 1000 for color 
mode and for the keyboard drivers. Here 
are some other potential problems and 
suggestions for dealing with them. 
►The 1000 requires more of your RAM than 
the PC. leaving less room for applications. 
The 1000s MS-DOS Is a little larger, and 
video RAM now resides in user RAM rather 
than on the video controller board. That 
costs you 16K of RAM. 32K if you use the 
newer graphics modes (5 and 6). 
► If you use Basic, the squeeze gets worse, 
because GW-Basic is totally RAM-resi- 
dent. After loading Basic on a 128K 1000. 
you have only 18K free. 

The solution is to spend more money 
and upgrade to 256K, for two reasons. You 
can run larger programs, and with the up- 
grade you get direct memory access 
(DMA), which speeds up processing. More 
important, some software protection 



schemes require a DMA chip. 

► Some PC software requires that you 
copy the DOS system files, or at least Com- 
mand. COM, to the program disk. If a pro- 
gram is copy-protected, you're supposed 
to use the SYS command to move the sys- 
tem files to the protected disk. But the 
1000's SYS command won't work on a 
disk unless the 1000's DOS formatted it. 

Sometimes you can copy the 1000's 
Command.COM to the application disk, 
boot up with your DOS. replace it with the 
protected disk and run the program. You 
can also buy PC-DOS. which runs fine on 
the 1000, except for Basic. 

► If you run a PC program known to be 
compatible with your 1000 and see only a 
blank screen, make sure the program 
isn't configured for the IBM monochrome 
monitor. 

► Programs written for the PC often use 



keys on the PC's numeric keypad that the 
1000 lacks. You can simulate the PC's 
scroll-lock key with control-break on the 
1000. If you need the PC keypad's plus or 
minus keys, you'll have to install the KEY- 
CNVRT.SYS driver in CONFIG.SYS. 
Among other things, this driver also 
makes keypad numbers act as arrow keys. 
► The 1000's Joystick ports are IBM 
hardware-compatible but, as a rule, PC 
software requiring Joysticks won't run on 
the 1000. That's because the joystick rou- 
tines' software timing loops run at differ- 
ent speeds on the two computers. If you 
find PC software that does run, or Tandy 
software that uses joysticks, any of the 
two-button Color Computer Joysticks will 
work. I recommend the deluxe models 
with "tabbing."B 



Dave Rowell is an 80 Micro technical 
editor who specializes in MS-DOS com- 
puters. You can write to him at 80 Micro. 
80 Pine St.. Peterborough. NH 03458. 



Related Articles 

Held. Jim. The GW Difference." Feb- 
ruary 1985. p. 42. An introduction to GW- 
Basic for Tandy 1000/1200 owners. 

Rowell. Dave. "Tandy Rides Again." 
April 1985. p. 50. A detailed review of the 
Tandy 1000. 



Circle 374 on Reader Service caM 



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FOR SUPERSCRIPSIT 



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Appears to programs as a disk, hut gives instant 
1..U1 Easy to install and use. 



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FIND FILE - Search ill directories for file 
DIRE('IOR> DTREE •• Display all sub-director) 

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Perfect for Hard Disks Also for floppies. 



fit 



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COUNT LINES •- Superfast count of lines in a file. 
DIMP FILE IN HEX -• Formatted dump of file in 

Hex Ascii. Scroll Forward. Backward. Begin. End. 
CHANGE FILE AITRIBI TEN -- Make fj l cs hid den. 

readonly, archive, etc Set or reset attributes 



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C.nrnci >.wur Serial Punier to your rs:.-: port i uii 

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Don't miss the review of these ALPS utilities in the 

February. 1985 issue of 80-Micro (P 

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80 Micro, June 1985 • 47 



EXTRA-STRENGTH 




by Keith E. Risler 

Get a punched-up Model 111/4 DOS in minutes 

with this package of LDOS 5.X/TRSDOS 6.X features. 







It's no good having tricks up your sleeve 
if you can't get at them. Logical 
Systems" Model III LDOS 5.X.X and Tan- 
dy's LDOS-based Model 4 TRSDOS 6.X.X 
offer a number of excellent user-definable 
features, but it's hard for a beginner to take 
advantage of them. 

The DOS manuals don't help matters. 
They're full of detail about individual func- 
tions, but they don't tell you how to invoke 
them. In fact, they're almost guaranteed to 
frustrate first-time users. 

Setup (see the Program Listing) gets new 
owners running a powerfully configured 
DOS almost immediately. It's a package of 
advanced LDOS 5.X.X/TRSDOS 6.X.X op- 
tions that you install on system disks. 
Setup: 

• configures your keyboard to give you up 
to 26 definable function keys; 

• sets up your computer's communica- 
tions parameters: 

c • formats printouts; 

| • turns on TRSDOS 6.X.X's keyboard 

3 click opdon: 

2 • speeds up keyboard response: 

| • installs DOS overlays in memory for 

5 faster execution: and 

£ • (for LDOS only) installs the MINIDOS 

| program, which lets you execute certain 

| DOS commands without being at LDOS 

= Ready. 

48 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Experienced users can tailor these op- 
tions to their own needs. You can run 
Setup each time you boot up. or you can 
use it to configure your system disks per- 
manently. 

About JCL 

Setup is actually a job control language 
(JCL) file, that is. a series of DOS com- 
mands that the computer automatically 
executes, as if you typed them in from the 
keyboard. 

The simplest way to create JCL files is to 
use the Build library command in the form 
BUILD FILE NAME. Then, following the 
manual's instructions, you type in a list ot 
commands: for example, you can have a 
JCL file call a directory, display the amount 
of free space on a disk, and enter Basic. 

The computer saves these files with the 
extension /JCL unless you specify other- 
wise. To execute a JCL file, type in DO 
FILE NAME/JCL at DOS Ready. 

The Build command has a serious short- 
coming, however: You can't edit lines once 
you've typed them in. To create long files 
like that in the Listing, you should use a 
word processor capable of saving text files 
in ASCII format. This way. you can correct 
any typing errors you make in entering the 
JCL file. 

If you don't have a word processor that 



supports ASCII files, you have a third 
choice: Raymond E. Wilson's Makedo pro- 
gram, which I- is you create and edit JCL 
files (see "Command Performance." June 
1984. p. 62). 

The Listing comprises seven sections, 
one for each DOS option. Setup works as-is 
under TRSDOS 6.X.X. Comment lines, be- 
ginning with a period, contain documenta- 
tion, including instructions for changes 
LDOS users must make. 

I've listed LDOS-specific commands as 
comments: LDOS users need only remove 
the periods to enable these commands. 
You can disable a line ol code by inserting a 
period at the beginning. 

The Listing begins with a % sign and the 
hexadecimal number IF. which clears the 
screen. You can leave out any comment 
lines except the first one: JCL files must 
begin with a comment. 

Setup's comments instruct LDOS users 
to add a line before typing in option 1 . This 



SO 



System Requirements 

Model m. LDOS 5.X.X 
Model 4. TRSDOS 6.X.X 






installs KI/DVR, a keyboard filter thai en- 
ables your computer's lowercase mode; 
also, under LDOS. you must have KI/DVR 
In place before you use many of Setups 
features. 

The LDOS command's parameters 
speed up key repeat and activate the 
screen print option so you can output a 
screen display to the printer by pressing 
the left shift, up-arrow, and asterisk keys 
simultaneously. 

Model 4 owners using LDOS 5.1.4 (in 
Model III mode) might want to try a longer 
repeat rate, since your version runs at the 
Model 4's higher processor speed. 

If you've already set KI/DVR. be sure to 
reset it before you execute the JCL file: 
otherwise Setup aborts. 

Going Over the Options 

Option 1 configures the keyboard so you 
can execute commands or enter strings 
with only two keystrokes, using the DOS 
keystroke multiply capability. You assign 
each of the 26 alphabetic keys a specific 
command; after running Setup, you can 
execute these commands by pressing the 
clear key and the appropriate letter key. 

Tabic 1 lists the commands I chose; vou 
can substitute your own commands. Basic 
program lines, or any other string of up to 
255 characters. A semicolon after a char- 
acter means the command executes Im- 
mediately, as if you'd pressed the enter key 
along with the command keys. 

Setup writes your key assignments to 
disk in a file called Routine/KSM after 
you've typed in 26 entries. 1 left three keys 
unassigned. so I typed in NOT USED to re- 
BO Vt the keys for future use. You can rede- 
fine keys later, but you can't expand the 
file once you've saved to disk. 

Option 2 installs a driver that sets the 
communications line to RS-232C hard- 
ware and sets communications param- 
eters. The default values are 300 baud. 7 
data bits. 1 stop bit. even parity, and a 
Break value of control-C. 

OpUon 3. for TRSDOS only, makes your 
Model 4 produce a clicking sound via its in- 
ternal speaker whenever you press a key. 
The sound is barely audible under TRS- 
DOS 6.1.2 and earlier versions; under 6.2. 
however, the click filter produces a painful 
screech. 

The manual says you can patch the click 
filter to alter its tone, but it doesn't tell you 
what values to use. Unless you have the 
time to test for a workable pitch. I suggest 
TRSDOS 6.2 users omit the keyboard click 
opUon. 

Option 4 formats your printouts. Under 
TRSDOS 6.X. X. the Forms command sets 
printer parameters. Ordinarily, you have 
to set the printer filter to the forms filter 
program before using Forms, but Setup 
takes care of these preliminaries. 

Setup also invokes a Forms command 
that tells the printer to begin printing 10 
spaces from the left edge of the page, print 
a maximum of 60 characters per line, and 
indent 17 spaces from the edge of die page 
(7 spaces from die margin) when word- 



wrapping lines longer than 60 characters. 
You can omit the line containing these pa- 
rameters: once you've run Setup, you can 
reformat printouts any time by typing in a 
Forms command from DOS Ready. 

The single command line for LDOS users 
sets die same printer parameters as the 
TRSDOS version. LDOS supports a great 
variety of additional parameters, so you 
should check your manual to get the most 
out of this option. 

Option 5 provides snappier keyboard re- 
sponse by adjusdng the time it takes a key 
to repeat when you hold it down. It also af- 
fects the rate at which a key repeats. LDOS 
users should ignore this option; the line 
you type in at the beginning of die LisUng 
does the same thing. 

Option 6 loads every possible DOS 
overlay into high memory. This makes 
your computer run faster since it reduces 
disk accesses. LOOS users should add 
overlay 8. 

I've found that these overlays can create 
problems with programs like SuperScrip- 
sit. so you'll have to test your software to 
see how many overlays you can safely in- 
stall. You must put specific overlavs in 
memory to back up a nonsystcm disk in 
drive zero. Under LDOS. be sure to install 
overlays 2. 3. 8. and 10: under TRSDOS. 
don't omit overlays 2. 3, and 10. 

Option 7. for LDOS only, activates the 
MINIDOS filter program, which lets you ex- 
ecute certain DOS commands without be- 
ing at DOS Ready: you do so by pressing 
the clear and shilt kevs simultaneously 
with an alphabetic key. Table 2 lists the 
keys and the functions diey invoke. 

To enable opUon 7. you must delete the 
period at the beginning of the line of code. 

Let's Do It 

Alter you decide which opUons you 
want type in die appropriate parts of Set- 
up and. assuming you're using a word pro- 
cessor, store the text file in ASCII format 
as Setup/JCL. As I mentioned above, you 
can also use the Build command or 
Makedo/BAS. 

To configure a system disk, make a copy 
of your unconfigured master DOS disk. Put 
this copy in drive zero and boot up to DOS 
ready. You can either copy Setup/JCL to 
the unconfigured system disk (necessary if 
you have only one drive) or run it from 
drive 1. 



A word of cauUon might save some heart- 
ache. If you don't have room on your 
system disk to store Routine/KSM. you get 
a "Disk full" error message and Setup 
aborts. If this happens, remove (kill) Rou- 
tine/KSM and some of your nonsystem 
files and try again. You'll also need space 
to store a SYSGEN configuration file if you 
decide to configure the disk pcrmanendy. 

When you're all set. type in DO SETUP/ 
JCL and press the enter key. Setup builds 
the RouUne/KSM file, writes it to disk, and 
uses that file to configure the keyboard to 
the alphabeUc commands. Then it installs 
the remaining options you selected. 

Alter you install your DOS features. Set- 
up reminds you that, to make the configur- 
ation permanent, you must type in SYS- 
GEN (YES) at TRSDOS Ready or SYSTEM 
(SYSGEN = ON) at LDOS Ready and press 
the enter key. Setup doesn't do this 
automatically because you can't execute 
SYSGEN from a JCL file. 

The "yes" and "on" in the SYSGEN 

commands above are switches: you ( vr | 

the SYSGEN configuration file I rum 

your disk using the same commands with 

"no" or "off" instead. 

if you don't sysgen. the whole config- 
uration vanishes as soon as you turn off or 
reset your computer. 

Other Options 

You can modify Setup to include other 
opUons. In its present form. Setup offers 
most of the definable DOS options users 
want. It doesn't prevent the print Spooler's 
use under TRSDOS 6.X.X or LDOS 5.X.X 
and allows full use of Memdisk and die 
print spooler in any combinaUon on die 
Model 4. 

If you install too many options, however, 
you may not be able to use Model 4 Mem- 
disk, since the part of low memory it uses 
may be lull.B 

Keith E. Risler is a computer hobbyist 
who's studying for his master's degree in 
English at the University of Western On- 
tario. You can unite to him at 80 Adelaide 
St. S.. London. Ontario. Canada N5Z 3K5. 



\ 






r~ 



^ 




80 Micro, June 1985 • 49 



Circle 427 on Reader Service card. 




Discover tht flexibility end 

pomcr of fohth programming! • 

You'll find your development 
time is shortened, programs run 1 
faster and memory requirements 
are drastically reduced FORTH Is; 
the language of tomorrow and 

it's available today from 
SOTA Computing Systems Limited 



S<E^ («•»«« from sow 



impressive 
benchmark 
over 300 



timings •> a library ol 

predefined FORTH 

words* and running in less than 

8K«this is the state-of-the-art 

FORTH Implementation you have 

been waiting lor' 



Key 


Definition 


Key 


Definition 


A 


DIR :0 (A); 


N 


NEW: 


B 


DIR : 1 (A): 





DIR .-0 (P): 


C 


FREE :0; 


P 


DIR :1 (P): 


D 


FREE:1: 





FREE O (P): 


E 


DEVICE: 


R 


FREE : 1 (P): 


F 


FORMAT :1 (Q = N); 


S 


SAVE*' 


G 


BACKUP :0:1: 


T 


RUN 


H 


BACKUP :0 :1 (X): 


U 


RUN: 


1 


BACKUP :1 tO[X): 


V 


LOAD 


J 


NOT USED 


w 


SPOOL* PR (NO): 


K 


BASIC: 


X 


NOT USED 


L 


LIST: 


Y 


SPOOL (CLEAR): 


M 


NOT USED 


Z 


BOOT: 




Tabic 1. Setup's keystroke multiply assignments. 



g,__ -^-- A Gives you the in-* 
S/OiOO troductory program - 

. ; J mer's guide, the com- 

Iprehenslve reference manual, 
and FORTH disk The diskette 
contains the standard core 
•vocabulary, an editor, an assem- 
jbler (with true Z 80 mnemonics) 
land a FORTH operating system 
(which like FORTH itself is simple 
to use and easy to master) In 
addition to the FORTH definitions 
required by the standard, we've 
included over SO extra commands 
that you'll find particularly 
useful We've even provided a 
way for you to distribute your 
own programs without incurring 
expensive and awkward licensing 
arrangements What's more, fig 
FORTH from SOTA is totally com- 
patible with TRSDOS". LDOS". 
nEWDOS '" and CP/IT1 Plus " 



Key 


Definition 


C 


Clock on or off 


D 


Debug 


F 


Free 


K 


Kill 


P 


Send a character to the printer 


Q 


Directory 


R 


Repeat the last DOS command 


T 


Top of form 


Table 2. MINIDOS commands. 



ORDER FORM 




ORDER 
TODAY 



213-1080 Broughton Street 

[Vancouver. British Columbia! 

Canada V6G2H8 



08DER BY MR 
OR BV PHONE 



(604)688-5009 



Mill. II | ll>. *lt .in,. I9RI 

SOTA 

Com putin g Sy stems Limited 



•TRSDOS. LDOS NEVD0S and rP/M Plus are registered 
trademarks or Radio Shack. Logical Systems Inc . 

Apparel Inc and Digital Research respectively 

TRS-80 m a registered trademark of RaAo Shack 



Program Listing. Setup/JCL. 



% IF. SETUP/ JCL-TRSDOS 6/LDOS 5 system disk configuration file 

Copyright (C) 1983, 1984, 1985 Keith E. Risler, M.A. 

All Rights Reserved. 

IMPORTANT: All LDOS 5 features are labelled as such: 

You install them by REMOVING THE PERIOD before the line 
of code AND DELETING other lines as instructed 

Tested and fully functional for LDOS 5.1.3, LDOS 5.1.4, 
TRSDOS 6.01.01, TRSDOS 6.01.02 and TRSDOS 6.02.00 

May not work with certain software packages: 

Experiment with backup disks to determine which 
combination of options works best with your 
applications. 

Leave out the options; you do not want or cannot use 

FOR LDOS 5, include the next line: 

SET *KI TO KI/DVR ( DELAY=1 , RATE=1 , JKL) 

OPTION 1 - Build Routine/KSM to define Keystroke Multiply 

Starts at letter A, ends at letter Z 

Change to uuit your needs, but be sure all 26 keys 

are defined, or type NOT USED in the appropriate place 

BUILD ROL'TINE/KSM 

DIR :0 (A) ; 

DIR :1 (A) ; 

FREE :0; 



FREE tl) 




DEVICE; 




FORMAT :1 (Q= 


N); 


BACKUP :B :1 




BACKUP :0 :1 


(X); 


BACKUP :1 :0 


(X); 


NOT USED 




BASIC; 




LIST; 




NOT USED 




NEW; 




DIR :0 (P); 




DIR :1 (P); 




FREE :0 (?) ; 




FREE :1 (P) ; 




SAVE" 





Listing continued 



50 • 80 Micro. June 1985 



Circle 306 on Reader Service ca-d 



Circle 321 on Rim k ■■ S-rv<ce card 




MEW PRODUCT 
FOR AUTOMATION 

USE YOOR 

TRS-80 MODEL III, IV or 4P: 

• For dirr-ct measurement of 

voltarje, or alarm conditions 

• With one resistor to measure 

current, resistance, or 4-20 ma signals 

• With transducers to measure 

acceleration, dewpolnt. force, humidity. pH. position, pressure, temperature. 
velocity, viscosity, wind speed or direction 

• With interfaces to turn power on/off. control analog voltage, motor speed temper 

ature. etc. 
note We also manufacture the Model 100 A/D for the TRS 80* Model 100 Compute- 
MODLL III. IV. or 4P— A/D. converter and diciilii interface for 
your ITO 80* Model III or IV 

• to 4 096 volts lull scale- (adjustable) 

• 12 bit integrating A'D converter (025%) 

• 16 analog voltage input 

• 8 digital inputs, expansion to 24 bits 

• 8 digital outputs expansion to 24 bits 

• 3 addressable output strobes 

Price S580 lm ludinq software (S5 00 lor manual) 

HUMPHREY 
INSTRUMENTS, INC. 

301 IN. Harrison St., Suite 191 

Princeton, M.J. 08540 

(609)896-1612 

* FRS-80 is a trademark of The Tandy Corporation 



Cnrlr> IV on RiMilor Sevier ::;int 

CONYKRT VOIR TRS-80 MODEL III OR 4 INTO A 

DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM 

Now you can develop Z 80 based stand-alone devices such as games, robots, 
instruments and peripheral controllers, by using your TRS-80 as a development system 
The DEVELOPMATE plugs into me e«pans>on connector of vour TRS-80 and adds 
PROM PROGRAMMING Md IN-CIRCUIT-EMULATION .yab.hl.es to your 
system 

Complete instructions and sample schematics are included to help you design your 
own simple stand-alone microcomputer systems THESE SYSTEMS CAN BE AS 
SIMPLE AS FOUR ICs one TTL circuit lex clock and reset, a Z-80. an EPROM ana 
one penpnerai interface cfiip 

When the m-Circuit-Emutation cable is plugged 
into the Z-80 socket ol your stand- alone system 
(he system Decomes a part ot your TRS 80 You 
can use the lull power ol your editor /assembler s 
debug and trace programs to check out bom the 
id-u*d'e ana the software Simple test loops 
.■ : . . : ' ■• -. .■ i . :«..!• • il • •.' • 

system program can oe run to debug the logic ol 
your stand-alone device 

Since the program is kept m TRS 80 RAM 
changes can be made quickly and easily Wrie^ 
your stand alone device works as desired, you 
use the Devetopmate s PROM PROGRAMMER 
to copy the program mlo a PROM With tnis 
PROM, ana a Z-80 m place ot the emulation 
cable your stand-alone device will work by itte* 

The DEVELOPMATE M extremely compact Both the PROM programmer and the 
In-Circuit-Emulator are in one small plastic box onry 3 2 • 5 4 A line-plug mounted 
power supply is included The PROM programmer has a personality module whicn 
defines the voltages and connections ot the PROM so that future devices can be 
accommodated However the system comes with a universal personality module 
which handles 2758.2508(8K) 2716.2516(16K). 2532(32K). as well as the new elec 
locally alterable 28 1 6 and 480 1 61 1 6K EE PROMs l 

The COM PL FT F DEVELOPMATE 83 with software, power supply, emulation 
cable. TRS-80 cable, and "universal personality module, is ONLY $329' 

PM2 PERSONALITY MODULE lor 2732A EPROM . S1S 

PM3 PERSONALITY MODULE lor 2764 FPROM $15 

ORION INSTRUMENTS 
1 72 Otis Avenue. Dep! M Woods.de C A 94062 

(4151851-it ' 

Master Charge and Visa phone orders accepted 

California residents please add sales tan 




New from PowerSOFT® 

Now Copy files From TRS-80 

to PC/MS DOS or CPM and 

BACK with SuperCROSS/XT! 

Did vou just get a new Model 1000.1200. or PC? How about CP/M? 
Just get that? Now with SupcrCROSS/XT you can COPY vour files TO 
or FROM 70 different DOS formats direct disk to disk! You can also 
FORMAT an alien disk, display the DlRcctory or KILL files. Fully 
MENU driven with plenty of on-line HELP available! Very easy to op- 
erate in today's computer environment, especially for non- 
programmers. 

(,RL A I new features make SuperCROSS/XT the transfer system of 
choice: 

•"FOREIGN- 1 O-FORF.IGN" file transfers for the first time" No 
longer a two step operation! Setup two different 1X)S formats in two 
different drives ala SI 1+ for COPYing files hack and fonh. 
•MASS FIFE TRANSFERS! Now features a new TAG feature which 
allows you to "mark" any number of files for COPYing or KILLing! 
•CONFIGURE for the DOS you COPY from most, for faster auto- 
matic startup time! 

SKIP command lor reading or writing a 40 track disk in an 80 track 
drive! 

PowCfSOFT prevents the state-of-the-art-file transfer program for use- 
on the TRS-80! SupcrCROSS/XT is designed to allow vou to move 
DATA and program files freely between your own TRS-80 and IX)S 
formats of other computers. You can now do this with SuperCROSS/ 
XT and vour existing hardware, eliminating modems, wires, and ter- 
minal program transfers. SupcrCROSS/XT runs as a 'CMI> tile under 
your TRS-80 operating system and will allow you to COPY files back 
and forth beiween different operating systems. You may format on a 
foreign disk in your TRS-80 and COPY files to it that can be read by. 
for example a Model 1000. a KAY PRO or an IBM PC. Note that ma- 
chine language programs, although transferable, will NOT run due to 
the difference in microprocessor chips used in the different machines. 
Vou can copy BASIC. PASCAL. FORTRAN. C. or other high level 
language programs, and run ihem with Utile modification, unless they 
make extensive use of graphics, or have machine language calls. 
CNVBASIC.'CMI). available separately, will make most of the syntax 
and spacing changes required for converting Model I.* Ill BASIC pro- 
grams for use on other systems. Daia files, spreadsheet files, and text 
files can also be usefully moved between machines. If you use or have 
the same Visicalc or Multtplan on the TRS-80. you can use the same 
files on other machines! These spreadsheet files arc directly com enable 
to 1 23 and other calc-iypc programs. Of course, the combinations and 
possibilities are endless, and the flexibility is ALL there with Super- 
CROSS/XT' 

DOS Formats Supported MS-DOS variations include MS-DOS 1.0. 
2.0/2.1 single or double-sided (IBM and most compatibles), and Tandy 
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sided formats including Tandy's 3.0 » . Montezuma Micro 2.2 (all ver- 
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EAGLE. EPSON. HP 125. CP/M 86. KAY PRO. LNW-XO. l.OBO 
MAX-80. MORROW. NEC. OSBORNE. OTRONA. SANYO. SU- 
PERBR.AIN. TELETEK. TELE VIDEO. TRS-80. LIFEBOAT/1. OM- 
IC RON/1. HOLMES/3. HURRICANE COMPACTOR/3. 
SHI FFLEBOARD/3. XEROX. ZENITH-HE.ATH. and 8' standard 
CP/M. *Of course double-sided drives are required for reading DS 
disks. I Ise SS for transfers, if needed. 

If you use another computer besides soar IRS- 80 at work or home you 
need SnperCROSS/X T so call or write, but order today! Only $99.95. 
Check, VIS A /Mastercard or COD accepted. Please add S3 for ship- 
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SuperCROSS/XT $99.95 

(PU-ase spcvilv Model l-DD/lll. 4/4P. or MAX-M \crsion) 

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Convert! l/lll BASK programs fot use on MS-DOS. CP/M. or Mod 4' 

If ordered WITH Su pert' ROSS gel BOTH programs 

lor onlv $ 1 1 u -95 



PowcrSOFT Products 
I "owl Dallas Parkwav. Suite 
Dallas. TX "'5248 

(214)733-4475 



14 



«j2J> 



All trademarks arc the properties of the companies represented 



80 Micro. June 1985 • 51 



Circle 357 on Reader Service card. 



Mac 
Inker 

Re-ink any fabric ribbon 
AUTOMATICALLY for less 
than 5C. Extremely simple 
operation with built-in 
electric motor. We have a 
MAC INKER for any printer: 
cartridge/spool/harmonica/ 
zip pack. Lubricant ink safe 
for dot matrix printheads. 
Multicolored inks, uninked 
cartridges available. Ask for 
brochure. Thousands of 
satisfied customers. 




Mac 

Switch 

Mac Switch lets you share 
your computer with any two 
peripherals (serial or 
parallel). Ideal for word 
processors— never type an 
address twice. Ask us for 
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share two peripherals (or two 
computers) with MAC 
SWITCH. Total satisfaction or 
full refund. 

$ 99. 00 




Order toll free 1-800-547-3303 

Cfiamputer 
Friends 

6416 SW Canyon Court 

Suite #10 

Portland, Oregon 97221 

(503) 297-2321 

Dealer Inquiries welcome 



Listing continued 



RUN 

RUN; 

LOAD 

SPOOL *PR (NO) ; 

NOT USED 

SPOOL (CLEAR) ; 

BOOT; 

•ROUTINE/KSM has terminated automatically 

.Now setting defineable keys using above file 

SET *KB KSM/FLT USING ROUTINE/KSM 

.FOR LDOS 5: Delete next line before running: 

FILTER *KI *KB 

.OPTION 2 - Set Communications line device for RS-232C use 

SET *CL TO COM/DVR 

.FOR LDOS 5: replace ABOVE line with: 

•SET *CL TO RS232T/DVR (BAUD=300 ,W0RD»7) 

.Option 3 - Set keyboard keyclick option TRSDOS 6 ONLY 
.Works ONLY with TRSDOS 6.01.02 or earlier on Model 4 
•The click may be too shrill with TRSDOS 6.02 
.FOR LDOS 5: Delete the next two lines: 
SET *CK CLICK/FLT 
FILTER *KI *CK 

•Option 4 - Set printer filter and printout form 

SET *FF TO FORMS/FLT 

FILTER *PR *FF 

FORMS (MARGIN=10,CHARS=6 0,INDENT=17) 
FOR LDOS 5, replace ABOVE three lines with: 
FILTER *PR PR/FLT (CHARS=60 ,MARGIN=10 , INDENT=17) 

Option 5 - Set keyboard repeat delay and rate 
FOR LDOS 5: This was done at the beginning for LDOS 
FOR LDOS 5: Delete next line 
SETKI (WAIT=10,RATE=1) 

Option 6 - Install all allowable TRSDOS 6 overlays 
Delete those not desired before running SETUP/JCL 
LDOS 5 users should also install overlay 8 
NOTE: loading all overlays has caused program errors 
while running some BASIC and machine language 
programs including SuperSCRIPSIT ; load only needed 
overlays or test as required 

SYSTEM (SYSRES=1) 

SYSTEM (SYSRES=2) 

SYSTEM (SYSRES=3) 

SYSTEM (SYSRES=4) 

SYSTEM (SYSRES=5) 

.FOR LDOS 5 ONLY: Add the next line 

.SYSTEM (SYSRES=8) 

SYSTEM (SYSRES=9) 

SYSTEM (SYSRES=10) 

SYSTEM (SYSRES=11) 

SYSTEM (SYSRES=12) 

OPTION 7 - FOR LDOS 5 users only 
Establish MINIDOS/FLT: add the line below 
FILTER *KI USING MINIDOS/FLT 

Installation concluded 

When this JCL file ends, type: 
SYSGEN (YES) FOR TRSDOS 6, OR 
SYSTEM (SYSGEN=0N) FOR LDOS 5 

and <ENTER> to permanently install changes. 
END OF SETUP/JCL BY KEITH E. RISLER 




52 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Circle 406 on Reader Service card 



Circle 468 on Reader Service card. 



IT'S LIKE 

DISKETTES 
FOR 99' EACH! 

21 



diskettes 



100% more capacity than Single Side 

Diskettes 
For use in ANY 5'-i Disk Drive 
Just turn it over to use the other side 
Both sides are certified 100% Error Free 
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only 



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• TYVEK JACKETS, REINFORCED HUB RINGS 
EXCEEDS INDUSTRY TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 

S*|Q80* lor 10 disks (20 sides] ^gg^^_ 

c.ill fur quantity disc mints 



19? 



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*On all orders add S? (or postage ft handling 

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or send check or money order to: 





computer products 

4211 NW 75th Terrace • Dept 2 02 Lauderhill. FL 33319 



Circle 216 on Header bervice card. 



TRS-80+ MOO I, III. COCO, TI99/4a 
TIMEX 1000. OSBORNE, others 

GOLD PLUG - 80 

Eliminate disk reboots and data loss due to oxi- 
dized contacts at the card edge connectors. 
GOLD PLUG 80 solders to the board edge con- 
nector. Use your existing cables, (if gold plated) 



GOLD PLUG 80 Mod I (6) 
Keyboard/El (mod I) 
Individual connectors 
COCO Disk Module (2) 
Ground tab extensions 
Disk Drives (all RS) 
Gold Disk Cable 2 Drive 
Four Dnve Cable 
GOLD PLUG 80 Mod III (6) 
Internal 2 Dnve Cable 
Mod III Expansion port 
USA shipping $1.45 
Foreign $7 



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S&4. 9 5 

• 10. 9 5 " 

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kak your favorite dealer or order direct 

mm E.A.p.co. 

»* P.O. BOX 14 

mkstoqavi KELLER. TEXAS 76248 
(817)498-4242 MC/VISA 

+ trademark Tandy Corp 



S44.95 

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INCL 

7.95 






PowerSCRIPT 4.2 

The state-of-the art UNIVERSAL add-on 

enhancement for SCRIPSIT W users! 

Now supports TRUE Model 4/4P 

80 column version of SCRIPSIT 

Supports ALL released versions of 

SCRIPSIT- for 4/III/I. 
Get the MOST from your printer! 

Our PowerSCRIPT modification for SCRIPSIT (all versions) gives you 
everything that SuperSCRlPSIT does, except lor proportional pnnt- 
ng. but we give features that even SS doesn t have' Our files are full 
oi letters from enthusiastic users who cannot believe how powerful 
little o»e SCRIPSIT can become with PowerSCRIPT'land this version 
adds even more features') 

With ar the smarter printers out there, it doesn t make sense to use 
a dumb word processor anymore. It you notice, there are MANY 
word processors out there besides the ones available from TANDY 
We could recommend every one of them. IF YOU WANTEO TO BUY 
SOMETHING NEW! What if you don t want to pop another S200 bucks 
lor another program? What if you don't NEED another program, but 
you d like a LOT of new features without relearmng a WHOLE NEW 
SYSTEM? SCRIPSIT is a VERY good program - we just give it some 
norsepower and bring it up to today s standards! PowerSCRIPT 
gives you MANY new features, while retaining the commands you 
already know - at a veiy low price' All your previous files will, of 
course be compatible. 
Some features that get added to SCRIPSIT via PowerSCRIPT 4.2. 

• Sand commands tc punter 10 activate speaa formats and lunctions even 
embedded in the middle of the ure' 

• Get an ALPHABETICAL Directory from within PSCRIPT and FETCH. KILL or 
CHAIN any tile rigni from the display' No more gory; barn to DOS 1 

• Keyboard (.a-> be customized 'or special needs or keys 

■ Special characters can be generated ''on-, keyboard without jsmg specia' 
primer codes' 

• Removes protection «or ,01/ own use 

• Any code from 1 through 255 can be sent to printer th'ougn special format 
line 

• Video PAGE FORWARD OR REVERSE at a Key stroke' 

• Multiple tiles .ar be CHAiNfcD together at print time' 

• vVill not crash prog'ar-s p-otected m HIGH MEMORY 

• END returns to DOS RCAOY qjickiy instead ot rebooting operatmg system 

• O.iilt n HELP command' HELP can be modified by user 

• Optionally select line feed after carriage return 

• Support lo» user det nabie titters included 

•ur Made' 4/4P III. or i (tower case only ) Works with most Model l/lll operating 
Systems or TRSOOS 6 0-6 2 on the Voc 4 Will work OK with TRSDOS 2 7DD. 
e»cept tor DIR from PSCRIPT Purchaser must own appropriate version o' dish- 
based SCRIPSIT 

PowerSCRIPT 4.2 Still only S39.95 

SuperSCRlPSIT- Users... 
We didn't leave YOU out! 

Nov. you can use SuperSCRIPT on your NON-Tandy printer 1 Your 
printer will work great using our special Printer Drive's customized 
for your particular printer and SuperSCRlPSIT Low priced too. so 
don't miss out f you have one of the printer models listed 1 Model 4 
fully supported' 

•EPSON MX 8C' tOO series 
•EPSON FX RX 80100 senes 

• Most an fcPSON compatibles 

• Okidata 92,93 Dot Matrix 
•C ttohtoiOProwntef 
•C itohAlO 20 Da.sy 

•C Hon F lOStarwriier 

All featu'es of SuperSCRlPSIT are supported to the fullest capabili- 
ties of the printer Easy to install at OPEN DOCUMENT screen easy 
to use and no extra commands to learn 1 

PowerDRI VER-Only 29.95 ea. 

PLEASE SPECIFY PRINTER TYPE! 




17060 Dallai Parkway. Suite 114 
Oallaa. TX 75246 

(214) 733-4475 



& 



80 Micro. June 1985 • 53 



Storage to Spare 

Increase SuperScripsit's text storage space 
beyond your wildest dreams. 



SuperScripsit users know things can 
get pretty cramped on their disks. It's 
not unusual to get a "Disk full" error mes- 
sage when you try to compress or convert 
a file. When you add in the dictionary pro- 
gram, you have barely enough room left 
over for documents. 

I'll describe a way to get greatly in- 
creased SuperScripsit disk storage capac- 
ity on a one- or two-drive Model 4/4P using 
Mcmdisk. And. because the word proces- 
sor and three system files reside in RAM. 
you'll find that the program runs faster. 

Here's how it works. You develop a min- 
imum TRSDOS. with three system files in 
memory and four files on a drive-zero data 
disk. A special booting disk puts your 
computer under JCL (Job control lan- 
guage) control, loads a minimum 
SuperScripsit into Memdisk. and loads 
TRSDOS system files 1. 2. and 3 into 
memory. With SuperScripsit in memory, 
you replace the booting disk with a drive- 
zero data disk containing system files 4. 
10. 11. and 12: the rest of the disk is free 
for data storage. Drive 1 is also free for 
data. For extra storage, you can use data 
disks formatted for 42 tracks. 

Using 42-track disks, this gives you 
174K for documents on drive zero and 
181.5K on drive 1. a total of 355.5K. With 
Scripsit Spelling Dictionary on drive zero, 
you still have 181.5K of disk space on 
drive 1 . Disk storage on a one-drive Model 
4 increases to 17 1 K. 

The procedures below are for dual-drive 
computers; most apply to single-drive sys- 
tems as well, but see "Instructions for One- 
Drive Computers" for specific changes. 

These Disks Are 
Made for Booting 

Your first order of business is to create 
a SuperScripsit booting disk. Boot a back- 

54 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



by Steve Woicik 

up copy of a standard TRSDOS disk with 
SuperScripsit in drive zero and put a disk 
with Mcmdisk/DCT in drive 1. Type in 
PURGE :0 and press the enter key. 

To purge a file, type in Y and press the 
enter key: to retain a file, press the enter 
key only. Retain the files listed in the Ta- 
ble and purge any other visible files. 

Next, copy Memdisk to drive zero using 
the command COPY MEMDISK/DCT: 1 :0. 

Load system lilts 1. 2. and 3 into RAM 
by typing in SYSTEM (SYSRES = 1). SYS- 
TEM (SYSRES = 2) and SYSTEM 
(SYSRES = 3). SYSGEN these files by typ- 
ing in SYSGEN (YES). 

Now build the two JCL files. Scripsit/ 
JCL and Exit/JCL. in Program Listing 1. 
At TRSDOS Ready, type in BUILD SCRIP- 
SIT/JCL:0. Carefully type in SCRIPSIT/ 
JCL. To save the file to disk, press the con- 
trol, shift, and @ keys simultaneously. Build 
Exii/JCL. also in Listing 1. the same way. 

To execute Scripsit/JCL automatically 
each time you boot the disk, type in AUTO 
DO = SCRIPSIT/JCL :0. Your Scripsit 
booting disk is now complete. 

The Bare Essentials 

To create a drive-zero data disk, put a 
standard system disk in drive zero and 
format a disk in drive 1. I use the com- 
mand FORMAT: 1(CYL = 42.Q = N.ABS) 
to format 42 cylinders, giving me an extra 
9K per disk. This technique might not al- 
ways work, but I've used it successfully. 

After formatting, copy system files 4. 
10. 11. and 12 to drive 1. These files are 
protected, so you must use the Back-up 
utility to move them: type in BACKUP :0 
:1(SYS.Q = Y). Use the enter key to move 
from file to file. Type in Y and press the 
enter key to copy a file. Alter you've copied 
the four files, press the break key to quit. 

This disk containing only four system 



files is your drive-zero data disk. It has 
plenty of room for documents, but you 
don't have access to TRSDOS commands 
like Copy. Backup. Reset. Boot, and 
Remove. 

To use Scripsit Dictionary, follow the 
procedure for creating a minimum sys- 
tem disk, making sure the computer ver- 
ifies all 42 cylinders. Otherwise, you may 
not have room for the dictionary. Load 
system files 10 and 12 into RAM using the 
SYSRES command. 

Leave the minimum TRSDOS disk in 
drive 1 and. from TRSDOS Ready, type in 
BACKUP :0 :1 (Q = N.X) and press the en 
ter key. Remove the standard TRSDOS 
disk from drive zero and. when prompted 
for the source disk, replace it with a back- 
up copy of the dictionary. Then answer 
the prompts to complete the back-up. 

Instructions for 
One-Drive Computers 

On a one-drive computer, boot up a 
back-up copy of TRSDOS 6. XX with 
.SuperScripsit. and load system files 1. 2. 
and 3 into memory and SYSGEN them as 
described above. Build Listing 2's ver- 
sions of Scripsit/JCL and Exit/JCL. 

Next, boot up a standard TRSDOS 6.X.X 
disk and install Memdisk by (yping in SYS- 
TEM (DRIVE = 1 .DRIVER = "MEMDISK ") 
and pressing the enter key. Answer the 
prompts with D, D. and Y. Copy Memdisk/ 
DCT to Memdisk: type in COPY MEM- 
DISK/DCT:© : 1 . 

Now put the SuperScripsit booting disk 
back in the drive and copy system files 4. 
10. 11. and 12. and Errors/CTL to Mem- 
disk. To do so. type in BACKUP :0 :1 
(SYS.Q = Y): use the enter key to move 
from file to file and press Y to copy a file. 

Following the instructions above, purge 
the disk, saving all the files in the Tabic 




except Errors/CTL. Copy MEMDISK/DCT 
to the SuperScripsit disk: Type in COPY 
MEMDISK/DCT: 1 :0. That completes your 
SuperScripsit booting disk. 

Copy the files in Memdisk to a 42-track 
data disk using the Back-up command 
with the X parameter. Before removing 
the SuperScripsit booting disk, type in 
BACKUP : 1 :0(SYS.Q = N.X) and press the 
enter key. At the prompt, replace the 
SuperScripsit disk with your data disk 
and the back-up will begin. 

Off and Running 

Now for the easy part. To run Super- 
Scripsit. put the booting disk in drive zero 
and a formatted data disk in drive 1. Boot 
the system. When the JCL program 
prompts, replace the booting disk with 
your drive-zero data disk, and you're in 
business. 

Each time you boot up. Scripsit/JCL 
copies Exit/JCL to drive 1 . Exit/JCL keeps 
SuperScripsit under JCL control until it 
copies the /CTL files to disk: this is nec- 
essary to save system changes made to 
SuperScripsit. Your original drive- 1 disk 
must remain in place until you exit 
SuperScripsit: otherwise. Exit/JCL won't 
copy the /CTL files. 

To exchange your drive- 1 disk without 
losing JCL control, exit SuperScripsit 
and. at the prompt, install the booting 
disk and press the break key. With your 
new disk in drive 1 . restart the JCL file by 
typing in DO = EXIT/JCL: 1 and pressing 
the enter key. It's important to use the 
equal sign option, which keeps Exit/JCL 
from compiling to a System/JCL file on 



drive zero. Also, you must use the drive 1 
extension, or the JCL will abort. 

You can exchange your drive-zero data 
disk at any time as long as you don't need 
to block move or block copy text: Super- 
Scripsit stores block move/copy data on 
drive zero in a file called Move/CTL. 

If. by the way. drive zero doesn't have 
room for Move/CTL. SuperScripsit locks up 
when you try to execute a Block Move or 
Block Copy command. As I've found no so- 
lution for this lockup except resetting the 
computer, be sure to copy your document 
using the Compress Document utility be- 
fore trying a block move or block copy. 

I've tried most SuperScripsit com- 
mands under this stripped-down operat- 
ing system and found they work perfectly. 
However, at least during a shakedown pe- 
riod. I recommend making copies of val- 
uable documents. 

For SuperScripsit 
1.1.0 Owners 

The new version of SuperScripsit. 1 . 1 .0. 
and the earlier version. 1.0.1. run under 
full or minimum TRSDOS 6.1.2 or 6.2. 
However, the new version (at least the 
one I received) comes with a minimum 
TRSDOS 6.2 that has some problems. 

To use the increased storage method 



with the new version of SuperScripsit. 
boot up a back-up copy of TRSDOS 6.2 
and hold down the clear key. Purge all vis- 
ible files except Memdisk/DCT and CONV/ 
C'MD. Purge all invisible files except 
Backup/CMD. Format/CMD. and Patch/ 
CMD. Copy Scripsit/CMD and all Super- 
Scripsit /CTL files except the printer driv- 
ers to the new TRSDOS disk. Copy the 
printer driver you use to the disk. Then 
load system files 1. 2. and 3 into RAM as 
indicated above under "These Disks are 
Made for Booting" and follow the remain- 
ing instructions in the article. ■ 

You can reach Steve Woicik at 1178 
Bethany Ave.. Turlock. CA 95380. 



LOAD 



System Requirements 

Model 4 

128KRAM 

SuperScripsit 

Scripsit Spelling Dictionary optional 



80 Micro. June 1985 • 55 



Circle 136 on Reader Service card. 




INK 

AGAIN 



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CONV/CMD ERRORS/CTL HELP/CTL SCR16/CTL SCR17/CTL 

SCR18/CTL SCR19/CTL SCR32/CTL SCR33/CTL SCR35/CTL 

SCR38/CTL SCR50/CTL SCRIPSIT/CMD SCRIPSIT/CTL SYSTEM/CTL 
•PRINTER 

•Save the printer driver you are using. 

Table. Files to retain when creating a SuperScripsit booting disk. 



Program Listing 1. Scripsit/JCL and Exlt/JCLfor dual-drive Model 4's. If your 
printer driver doesn't have a /CTL extension, copy it to drive 2 by inserting a Copy 
command line before the line COPY EXIT/JCL.0 : 1 . 

.SCRIPSIT/JCL: Two-drive version 

//FLASH Make sure a formatted data disk is in drive 1. 

Press enter. 

SYSTEM (DRIVE-2, DRIVER- "MEMDISK") 

D 

D 

Y 

BACKUP /CTLX0 :2 

COPY SCRIPSIT/CMD: :2 

COPY EXIT/JCL:0 :1 

DO = EXIT/JCL:1 

//EXIT 



. EXIT/JCL: Two-drive version 

. Remove the SuperScripsit booting disk and 

. Install the drive zero dictionary disk or 

//FLASH Put the drive zero data disk in drive 

zero. Press enter. 

SCRIPSIT 

. Remove the drive zero disk data disk. 

//FLASH Put the SuperScripsit booting disk in drive zero, 

Press enter. 

BACKUP /CTL:1 :0 

//EXIT 



End 



Program Listing 2. Scripsit/JCL and Exit/JCLfor single-drive Model 4's. If your 
printer driver doesn't have a /CTL extension, copy it to drive I by inserting a Copy 
command line before the line COPY EXIT/JCL:0 A . 

.SCRIPSIT/JCL: One-drive version 

SYSTEM (DRIVE=1,DRIVER=»"MEMDISK") 

D 

D 

Y 

BACKUP /CTL:0 :1 

COPY SCRIPSIT/CMD: :1 

COPY EXIT/JCL: :1 

DO ■ EXIT/JCL:1 

//EXIT 



. EXIT/JCL: One-drive version 

. Remove the SuperScripsit booting disk and 

//FLASH Put the drive zero data disk in drive 

zero. Press enter. 

SCRIPSIT 

. Remove the drive zero disk data disk. 

//FLASH Put the SuperScripsit booting disk in drive zero, 

Press enter. 

BACKUP /CTL:1 :0 

//EXIT 




ZL 




>3k, 'in. 



56*80 Micro, June 1985 



Full Recovery 

by Ken W. Pavlicek 



SuperScripsit has a lol of features, but It's missing a vital one: a flit* recovery 
capability. If a disk error or improperly closed file causes damage, you're stuck. 
The next time disaster strikes, try my Model 4 flic repair program (see I'rogram 
Listing 3). It rescues most SuperScripsit documents from the void; you have to 
do some editing, but it beats retyping a file from scratch. 

Before resorting to my program, however, try a couple of quick fixes. Type in 
RESET File .Name at TRSD06 Ready or run the following routine: 
10 open T.l." filename "-CLOSE 

If neither method works, load and run the repair program, but first make sure 
your disk has room for the damaged file and its replacement. 

The program prompts you for the input (damaged) flic's name and the output 
(replacement) file's name. The output flies name must be different or have a 
different extension. 

Now the program displays the file 128 characters at a lime. 

The bottom of the screen displays your options: 

(')har prog— Invokes a subprogram lhal strips Individual characters 

Slave line— Saves thr line mi the screen 

I))elete line - Deletes the line on the screen 

K)lle save— Saves the remainder of the document 

Qluit— Stop* recovery, saving no more text 

Before you start repairing the text, strip off SuperScripsifs header information 
by pressing D until you sec the start of the document on screen. Then you can 
invoke any of the options listed above. 

If t he line on screen is correct . press S to sa vc it . If only pari of t he line is correct . 
press C to invoke the character program. This displays the line one character at 
a time along with the options: 

S)avc character— Saves (lie character on the screen 
l))cleic character— Deletes the character on the screen 
Dine save— Saves the rest ol the line 
Qluit — Stops, saving no more- of the line 

After you exit the repair program, load SuperScripsit and select the ASCII conver- 
sion program. Again make sure your disk has enough room for the new file. 

When the conversion menu appears, select "A" and type in the file names at 
the prompts. Don't duplicate lilc names, and use the repair program's output file 
for the name of the ASCII file. SuperScripsit will convert the correct file to 
SuperScripsit format. 

You have to edit the converted file, since most of its control codes are gone. 
First, find the character that replaces the paragraph symbol. In most cases, it's a 
double letter. Use the global command to replace even,' occurrence of this double 
letter with a double paragraph symbol. Use S's character search at the global 
menu, and press control-G to produce the paragraph symbol. Then, since the 
program removes all clear symbol codes, replace them with the help of the global 
command. 

The next step requires scanning the whole document to replace the double- 
space triangle and the wordwrap symbol, which you can't do with the global 
command. 

Use the right-arrow key to move the cursor through the document. At the end 
of a sentence, insert a double space. When two words run together, insert a single 
space. As you do this, you should replace any other missing code, such as tabs 
or centering. ■ 



Program Listing 3 


SuperScripsit 


file 


repair program. 




11 

20 
30 

40 
50 

6? 
70 
ft* 


'SUPERSCRIPSIT 

CLEAR 

CLS 

INfUT "WHAT IS 

INPUT 'WHAT IS 

OPEN "R",1,I1S 

OPEN "0",2 r I2S 

PILL!) 1,128 AS 


FILE RErM!< 

THE NAME or 
THE NAME OF 
12B 

AS 


BY 

TH L 

THE 


KEN PAVLICEK 

INPUT FILE ■ 
OUTPUT FILE 


lllS 
■;I2S 




















Listing 


1 lIMltllUUft 



Circle 290 on Header Service card 




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80 Micro, June 1985 • 57 



Tidbit #21 



One of the clever tricks I tried as a be- 
ginning programmer was the state- 
ment GOSUB X to shunt program exe- 
cution to a subroutine. I was sure this 
was a never-before-discovered solution 
to the problem of selecting the appro- 
priate subroutine for varying condi- 
tions. After all. the GOSUB statement 
required a line number and the vari- 
able X was a number I could control. 

Of course the program crashed. GO- 
SUB and GOTO statements must pre- 
cede a literal line number. I went back 
to the manual, and forgot about my 
clever trick. 

Recently, a friend asked me how to 
use GOSUB X without crashing his 
program. My reaction was to tell him it 
was impossible. He protested. He docu- 
mented all the good reasons why 
GOSUB X was the only logical way to 
write his program. He was right. As I 
reflected on my friend's program, I hit 
upon a way to use GOSUB X The Pro- 
gram Listing shows how. It puts the 
value of X into a five-character string, 
with leading zeros if necessary. It then 
POKEs the string into line 1 after the 
GOTO statement GOSUB 1 branches to 
the line represented by X's value. After 
all these years. GOSUB X really works. 

Harry Bee 
Cornish, ME 



1 GOTO 01000 

1000 L=PEEK(iH40A4) +PEEK 

(«.H40A5)*256+6 

10000 X$=STR$(X) :Y$=RIGHT$ 

(X$,LEN(X$)-1) 

10010 Z$="":Y=LEN(Y$) 

10020 IF Y<5 THEN Z$=STRING$ 

(5-Y,48) 

10030 X$=Z$+Y$ 

10040 FOR Z = 1T05 

10050 POKE L+Z-l f ASC 

(MID$(X$,Z,1)) 

10060 NEXT:GOSUB 1 













lusting 3 continued 








90 ON ERROR GOTO '6 40 








100 FOR Cl-1 TO L0F(1) 








110 CLS 








120 GET 1,C1 








130 GOSUB 660 








140 PRINT A2$ 








150 PRINT§1840,"C)hac. Prog, Slave line, D)elete line, F) ile save. 


Q)uif 






160 IS-INKEY5 








170 IF IS-"C" GOTO 260 








180 IF I$«"S* THEN PRINT! 2, A2$;:G0T0 230 








190 IF I$-"D' THEN 230 








200 IF IS=*F" THEN CLS:GOTO 470 








210 IF IS-*Q" THEN 240 








220 GOTO 160 








230 NEXT CI 








240 CLOSE 








250 END 








260 L=LEN(A$) 








270 CLS:A2S«":Al$«" 








280 FOR X-l TO L 








290 A1S--MIDS(AS,X,1) 








300 IF ASC(Al$)-248 OR ASC(A1$)=247 THEN Al$-" " 








310 IF ASC(A1S)<32 OR ASC(A1$) >122 THEN 430 








320 PRINT£0+X,A1$; 








330 PRINT§1840, "S)ave char, DJelete char. Dine save, Q)uif ; 








340 I$-INKEY$ 








350 IF I$="S" THEN 400 








360 IF IS-'D" THEN 430 








370 IF IS-"L* THEN 550 








380 IF IS-'Q" THEN 460 








3 90 GOTO 340 








400 PRINTei040+Xl,Al$| 








410 A2$=A2$+A1$ 








420 Xl-Xl+1 








430 NEXT X 








440 PRINT§1840,*END OF LINE. PRESS <ENTER> TO CONTINUE'; 








450 I$ = INKEY$:IF I$OCHR$(13) THEN 450 








460 GOTO 150 








470 ON ERROR GOTO 650 








4 80 FOR C2-C1 TO L0F(1) 








490 GET 1,C2 








500 GOSUB 660 








510 PRINT A2S; ; 








520 PRINTI2, A2S; 








530 NEXT C2 








540 GOTO 240 








550 FOR N«X TO L 








560 A1$=MID$(A$,N,1) 








570 IF ASC(A1$)=248 OR ASC(AlS)-247 THEN A15-" " 








580 IF ASC(A1S)<32 OR ASC(A1$)>122 THEN 610 








590 A2$=A2$+A1S 








600 Xl-Xlrl 








610 NEXT N 








620 PRINT?1040,A2$ 








630 GOTO 150 








640 RESUME 230 








650 RESUME 530 








660 L-LEN(AS) :Al$="*:A2S="" 








670 FOR X«l TO L 








680 M$-MID$(A$,X,1) 








690 IF ASC(AlS)-248 OR ASC(Al$)=247 THEN Al$-" " 








700 IF ASC(A1S)<32 OR ASC(A1S)>122 THEN 720 








710 A2S-A2S+A1S 








7 20 NEXT X 








730 RETURN 


End 













Tidbit #22 



Here's a program you can use from 
Basic to find out how many free gran- 
ules are available on a drive-zero disk. 
You can run the routine directly or in- 
corporate it into another program. 

Mark Taylor 
Ogden, UT 



10 DEFUSR— 304 'START 

ADDRESS OF ROUTINE 

20 FOR A— 304 TO -294: READ Bt 

POKE A,B:NEXT A 'READ DATA 

30 X=USR(0) 'READ DISK AND PUT 

FREE SPACE AT LOCATION -254 

40 PRINT "*** ";PEEK(-254) ;" 

FREE GRANULES ***" 

50 DATA 6,0,14,255,33,0,255, 

205,144,66,201 



Circle 34 on Reader Service card. 




Drive 



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Introducing 

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I Tie Indispeiisible first-aid kit for TRS-80 
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E 



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And that's precisely what 
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To help you handle- 
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So effective it mends 
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The latest generation of 
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So easy you can 
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Version Four 
enhancements make 
Super Utility 4/4P easier, 
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than ever, it boots 

and loads 50% faster. 
Utilizes 64K for faster file 





copies and 
backups. 
It's con- 
figurable 
with most 
Model 
I 111 4 
operating 
systems 
for fast, easy 
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Introduces three 

function keys, including 

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So economical you 

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At only $79.95, SU4/4P 

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less you know about your 

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So place your order 

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Coming Soon For MS-DOS 




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SI + .4.2 Model 1/111/(4) 179.95 

Please add 13.00 S H in ISA & Canada; 

$10.00 Foreign (airmail) 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 59 




bv Stewart F. Hunter 



T 

I he most common type ol inlorina- 
™ tion stored on disk is text. Many text 
files are archival in nature and so see infre- 
quent use. Such files, normally stored in 
ASCII format, take up valuable disk space. 

Recognizing this problem, an electrical 
engineer at the Massachusetts Institute ol 
Technology named David A. Huffman de- 
veloped a unique system lor text Storage 
that reduces the size of disk files by up to 
30 percent. 

My Compress and Decompress programs 
use Huffman's method of conserving disk 
space to convert Model I/III Scripsit text 
files from ASCII to Huffman format and 
back again (see Program Listings 1 and 2: 
sec Fig. 1 for Model I conversions). 

The Huffman Method 

Your computer uses an 8-bit ASCII ccxle 
for each keyboard character it stores. Huff- 
man's algorithm takes a most-common- 
denominator approach to text storage. 
Simplistically. the Huffman algorithm de- 
termines which character occurs most fre- 



Increase disk storage capacity for your text 
files by up to 30 percent with Huffman code. 



quendy in a document and assigns a 1-bit 
code to that character (called the Huffman 
code). It designates the next-most -Ire 
qucntlv occurring character a 2-bil code, 
and so on through the fourth most-used 
character. 

Huffman code represents the fifth 
through 19th characters with 8 bits, and 
represents any remaining characters us- 
ing 16 bits. See Fig. 2 for a screen dump of 
a conventional Scripsit file sector and its 
Huffman counterpart. 

The only savings in storage occurs for 
the first four characters, but since those 



LOAD 



System Requirements 

Models I and III 

32KRAM 

Editor/assembler 

Scripsit 



are the ones that appear most frequently, 
you end up with a net savings in disk 
space. 

The Table provides an example of Huff- 
man code. The characters in the first 
column represent those most frequently 
occurring in English text. The second COt 
umn indicates each character's Huffman 
code. Of course, the characters Compress 
and Decompress use in reducing the size of 
a file will differ from those shown in the 
Table because each file displays a different 
character frequency. 

Compression Limits 

Compress reduces the size of language 
text files only. These compressed files ap- 
pear as gibberish if you print them out. 

You usually can't reduce the size of files 
containing programming code or numer- 
ical data— doing so often results in "com- 
pressed" files larger than the original. 

The larger the original file, the greater 
the reduction. Files only a few disk sectors 
long result in little, if any. space saving. 



60 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Circle 215 on Reader Service card. 



Super Spring Sale 



C compiler 

for the model 1 or 3 using 

TRSDOS, LDOS, NEWDOS. 

DOSPLUS, or MULTIDOS; 

includes full screen text editor and 
advanced development package 

List Price S25&3G 
Sale Price $89.95 



This is a full K & R standard implementation of 
C that includes a Unix compatible function 
library. The package also includes a 450 page 
manual with a tutorial on using the C language. 
If you've been wanting to learn C, this is the 
package you need. 





Features Include 


char 


8 bits 


initializers 


short 


8 bits 


typedef 


int 


16 bits 


static 


unsigned 


16 bits 


auto 


long 


32 bits 


extern 


float 


32 bits 


struct/ bit fields 


double 


64 bits 


union 



Execution speed on the Model 3 for 10 
iterations of the prime number program 
published in Byte, Jan 83, page 284. 



LC Compiler 
Alcor C 



105 sees. 
78 sees. 



Special Bonus 

Buy one version for $89.95 and get the version 
for the other model for only $21. 



Multi-Basic compiler 

for the model 1 or 3, or 4 using 

TRSDOS, LOOS, NEWDOS, 

DOSPLUS, or MULTIDOS; 

includes full screen text editor and 
advanced development package 

List Price S^O^Q 
Sale Price $89.95 



Multi-Basic is a TRS-80 BASIC compatible 
compiler. The Model 4 version supports 
everything in the TRSDOS 6 BASIC interpreter 
except the COMMON statement. The same 
support is provided in the Model 1 and 3 
versions so programs are portable. The CMD 
statement is the only statement from the Model 
1 and 3 BASIC interpreters that is not 
supported. 

Multi-Basic also supports advanced language 
features like multi-line procedures and 
functions, recursion, and dynamic string 
management (no long pauses for garbage 
collection). 

Execution speed on the model 3 for 10 iterations 
of the prime number program published in Byte, 
Jan 83, page 286. 



BASIC Interpreter 
Multi-Basic 



4570 sees. 
89 sees. 



Special Bonus 

Buy one version for $89.95 and get versions for 
the other two models for only $21 each. 



Get Yours Today - Sale Ends June 30th 



C Compiler 



Circle version(s) 
One version ($89.95) 
Both versions ($110.95) 
Add 6% sales tax (Texas only) 
Shipping $6 USA, $28 foreign) 
Total 



1132 Commerce Systems 
Richardson, TX 75081 
(214) 238-8554 



Model 
1 3 




Name 
Street 
City _ 



State 

Zip 

Country 
Phone . 



Also available for CP M & MSDOS 

MC □ Visa □ Money Order □ Check □ COO □ 
Card c cxp 



Multi-Basic Compiler 



Model 
1 3 4 



Circle version(s) 
One version ($89.95) 
Two versions ($1 10.95) 
Three versions ($131.95) 
Add 69c sales tax (Texas only) 
Shipping $6 USA $28 foreign) 
Total 



Mulli- Basic is a trademark of Alcor Systems 
TRS-80 is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp. 
MSDOS is a trademark of MicroSoft 
CP, M is a trademark of Digital Research 
Unix is a trademark of Bell laboratories 
t.C is a trademark of Misosys 



Listing 1, lines 250, 300, and Listing 2, lines 250, 300, 
and 1200 should be CALL DSPLAY. 

Listing 1, lines 3270, 3300, and Listing 2, lines 1270, 
20 90, and 2120 should be DEFB 0. 

Listing 1, line 3250, and Listing 2, lines 1220, 1240, 1260 
and 2070 should contain DEFB 0DH. 

Listing 1, line 3280, and Listing 2, line 2100 should 
contain DEFW 0D0DH. 

Insert the following after line 3300 in Listing 1 and after 
line 2160 in Listing 2: 

.•DISPLAY MESSAGE POINTED TO BY HL REGISTER 

DSPLAY LD A,(HL) 

OR A 

RET Z 

CALL 33H 

INC HL 

JR DSPLAY 

Figure 1 . Model I conversions for Compress and Decompress. 



(a) 100100: 


3E4C 


533D 


3120 


4A3D 


4E8D 


8D44 


6570 


6172 


>LS«1 J-N..Depar 


100110: 


746D 


656E 


7473 


2F43 


6F6C 


756D 


6E73 


8E20 


tments/Columns . 


100120: 


2020 


2020 


4E65 


7720 


596F 


726B 


2773 


2072 


New York's r 


100130: 


6567 


756C 


6172 


2063 


6F6C 


756D 


6E73 


2075 


egular columns u 


100140: 


6E64 


6572 


7765 


6E74 


2073 


6576 


6572 


616C 


nderwent several 


100150: 


2063 


6 861 


6E67 


6573 


2064 


7572 


6 96E 


6720 


changes during 


100160: 


6974 


7320 


6669 


7273 


7420 


6665 


7720 


7965 


its first few ye 


100170: 


6172 


732E 


2020 


536D 


616C 


6C20 


636F 


6C75 


ars. Small colu 


100160: 


6D6E 


7320 


6 96E 


2074 


6865 


2066 


726F 


6E74 


mns in the front 


100190: 


206F 


6620 


7468 


6520 


626F 


6F6B 


2028 


224D 


of the book ("M 


1001A0: 


6F63 


6B20 


4B6E 


6973 


6865 


7320 


416E 


6420 


ock Knishes And 


1001B0: 


4572 


7361 


747A 


2050 


6963 


6B6C 


6573 


2220 


Ersatz Pickles" 


1001C0: 


616E 


6420 


2254 


686F 


7365 


2057 


666F 


204C 


and "Those Who L 


1001D0: 


6976 


6520 


4279 


2074 


6865 


2049 


6D61 


6765 


ive By the Image 


1001E0: 


2E2E 


2E22 


2028 


4170 


7269 


6C20 


3 82C 


2031 


..." (April 8, 1 


1001F0: 


3936 


3 829 


2920 


6 861 


6420 


616E 


2049 


6D61 


968) ) had an Ima 


(b) 000100: 


2065 


7461 


736F 


6E69 


6C6 8 


7264 


636D 


752E 


etasonilhrdcmu . 


000110: 


6770 


6600 


3E00 


4C00 


5300 


3D00 


3180 


2500 


gpf .>.L.S.-.1.%. 


000120: 


1E80 


2700 


46 60 


46 80 


2221 


C20E 


4290 


3202 


.. ■ .F.F.MB.B.2. 


000130: 


005E 


0086 


040A 


1614 


0602 


011D 


F004 


E401 


." p.d. 


000140: 


DE00 


B204 


0E00 


D600 


4E03 


0743 


42C1 


441E 


* V.N..CBAD. 


000150: 


1204 


0A16 


1406 


030B 


0308 


41C0 


1DD0 


3301 


A§.P3. 


000160: 


401D 


9071 


0584 


8308 


186A 


0308 


0B07 


0403 




000170: 


0D82 


1018 


7820 


3809 


87 A0 


0EF0 


07 94 


41C0 


... .X 8 p. .A@ 


000180: 
000190: 


4330 
E419 


0530 
87 83 


A105 
8101 


0584 
9810 


8102 
7C83 


8585 
3006 


0180 
2020 


C100 
2006 




d 1.0. 


0001A0: 


B801 


4001 


1002 


6 810 


4 803 


5C01 


2C0C 


1004 


..e...h.H.\.,... 


0001B0: 


1901 


8020 


8184 


4011 


41C0 


44 80 


3D40 


1401 


e.A§D.=e.. 


0001C0: 


0240 


1AC1 


5010 


0228 


8184 


4008 


8015 


0180 


.i.AP.. (..§ 


0001D0: 


8058 


02B8 


3014 


0130 


1001 


D980 


2100 


3CC8 


.X. .0..0. .Y. I.<H 


0001E0: 


3300 


4 90A 


10D4 


3030 


3000 


8A00 


5000 


82 1C 


3.I..T000...P... 


0001F0: 


0E08 


0B00 


3 800 


2C80 


1880 


1C80 


1B00 


1C00 


....8., 


Figure 2.(a) Screen dump of a Scripsitfile sector, (b) Screen dump of the same sec- 


tor in Huffman f 


ormat 





















Program Listing 1 . Compress program. 






001 


■MIMIKIllMMllllMMMIMMIHIIMIM 






00110 


; • 


•COHPRS" TEX1 


cor-.PRF.sso? » 






,-e\.:.> 


;t 


VERSION 2. 


1 # 






00130 


;« Copy 


riaht 1984 ey St 


pwart F. Hunter » 






30140 


ttltftl 


MMMMttMMtl 


• M MMMMMMMt 






015 








7 000 




00163 




ORG 7 00 OH 




7003 


CDC 901 


00170 


ENTRY 


CALL 01C9H 


,-CLEAR THE SCREEN 


7033 


218876 


00180 




LD HL, BUFFER 


INITIALIZE 


7006 


22EF72 


30190 




LD [BYTPTR) ,HL 


; POINTER TO NEXT BYTE IN BUFFER 


7039 


21FF07 


00200 




LD HL.2047 




70OC 


22F172 


00210 




LD (BTCTR) ,HL 


; COUNT OF 3ITS IN BUFFER 


700F 


3E08 


00220 




LD A, 8 




7011 


32F372 


00230 




LD (BYTCTR) ,A 


; COUNT OF BITS PER BYTE 


7014 


21F774 


00240 




LD HL,IMSG 


;ASK FOR INPUT FILE NAME 


7017 


CD1B02 


O02 r >0 




CALL 21BH 




701A 


216F72 


00260 




LD HL,IDCB 




701D 


0618 


00270 




LD B,2 4 


Listing 1 continued 



Character 


Binary code 


space 




1 


e 




01 


t 




001 


a 




OOOl 


o 
i 




OOOOOOOl 
OOOOOOIO 


n 




OOOOO011 


s 




OOOOOIOO 


r 




OOOO0101 


h 




OOOOOllO 


1 




OOOOOlll 


d 




00001000 


c 




00001001 


u 




OOO01010 


m 




00001011 


f 




OOO011O0 


P 




00001101 


e 




00001110 


w 




00001111 


other characters 


OOOOOOOO plus 






ASCII value 


Table 


Example 


of Huffman code. 



Compressing 

After assembling Compress to disk, run 
the program. A prompt asks for the name 
of the file you want to compress. Insert the 
disk with the appropriate ASCII file, type in 
the file name, and hit the enter key. 

A second prompt asks for the name of 
the file to which you want the compressed 
text saved. Make sure the disk contains 
enough free space to hold the new file. A 
good rule of thumb is to allow as much free 
space as the original file occupies. 

After you enter the second file name. 
Compress reads the original file and dis- 
plays it line by line on-screen. The display 
occasionally pauses while Compress 
writes to the output file. The program 
returns to the DOS Ready prompt when 
finished. 

Your disk then contains two files: the 
original and the compressed file. Kill the 
original file and you end up with an overall 
increase in disk space. 

Decompressing 

To recover text from the com pressed file, 
assemble and run Decompress. The pro- 
gram prompts you for the name of the file to 
decompress. Insert the disk containing the 
compressed file and type in the file name. 

Then enter a file name for the decom- 
pressed text at the prompt. Decompress 
reads the compressed file, converts it to 
ASCII, and writes it to the output file. The 
output text appears on the screen. Decom- 
press exits to DOS Ready when finished. 

How It Works 

In Listing 1. lines 170-230 initialize 
several variables Compress uses. Lines 
240-450 get the names of the input and 
output files, open the input file, and create 
the output file. 

Lines 460-750 read each character from 
the input file and store a count of each 



62 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Make sure the disk 
contains enough 
space for the new 
file. A good rule of 
thumb is to allow 
as much free space 
as the original 
file occupies. 



character's occurrence in a 256-byte table 
in memory. A second 256-byte table ini- 
tializes with the value of all ASCII char- 
acters. Compress uses these two tables to 
determine the frequency of each character 
in the input file. 

Then Compress sorts the table of char- 
acter occurrences in descending order 
(lines 760-1130). Because the two tables 
are only 256 bytes long I used a simple 
bubble sort. A more sophisticated sort rou- 
tine won't increase execution speed much 
for a table this short. 

After the sort. Compress installs the four 
most frequently appearing characters in 
the first 4 bytes of the second table and the 
next 15 most frequent characters in the 
table's next 15 bytes. 

Compress uses these 19 characters in 
lines 1140-1260 to alter several locations 
in the program. Compress stores the loca- 
tions in the table in lines 3450-3630. 

Lines 1270-1370 write the first 19 bytes 
of the table of characters to the output file. 
Decompress uses these characters to de- 
code the file. 

Lines 1380-1520 read a character from 
the input file starting at the first character 
in the file. Lines 1530-1740 determine if 
the character read is one of the four most 
frequent. If so. Compress converts the 
character to Huffman code, writes it to the 
output file buffer, and reads the next char- 
acter from the input file. 

If the character isn't one of the four most 
frequent characters, lines 1750-1960 check 
if it's one of the 15 next most frequent. If so. 
the program encodes the character and 
writes it to the output file buffer. If it isn't one 
of these 15 characters, lines 206O-21O0 en- 
code the character using 16 bits. 

Decompress contains several of the same 
subroutines as Compress. In Listing 2. lines 
170-230 initialize variables that the pro- 
gram uses. Lines 240-460 get the input and 
output file names and open the files. 

Lines 470-570 read the first 19 bytes 
from the input file. These bytes represent 
the character frequency table that Com- 
press wrote. Lines 580-740 use the char- 
acter frequency table to alter the program 
at the addresses held in the table in lines 
1820-2040. 
Lines 750-870 read an encoded charac- 



Listtng 1 continued 
701F CD4000 
7022 211975 
7025 CD1B02 
7028 21AF72 
702B 0618 
702D CD4000 
7030 217875 
7033 116F72 
7036 0601 
7038 CD2444 
703B C2CA71 
703E 3E01 
7040 327872 
7043 218876 
7046 11AF72 
7049 0600 
704B CD2044 
704E C2CA71 
7051 21F472 
7054 11F572 
7057 010001 
705A AF 
705B 77 
705C EDB0 
705E 21F473 

7061 AF 

7062 0600 

7064 77 

7065 23 

7066 3C 

7067 10FB 
7069 216E72 
706C 116F72 
706F CD3644 
7072 CA7D70 
7075 FE1C 
7077 CA9170 
707A C3CA71 
707D 21F472 
7080 1600 
70B2 3A6E72 

7085 5F 

7086 19 

7087 3EFF 
7089 BE 
708A CA9170 
708D 34 
708E C36970 
7091 116F72 
7094 010000 
7097 CD4244 
709A C2CA71 
709D AF 
709E 32F474 
70A1 110000 
70A4 DD21F472 
70A8 FD21F473 
7 AC DD19 
70AE FD19 
70B0 DD7E00 
70B3 DDBE01 
70B6 D2DF70 
70B9 32F574 
70BC FD7E00 
70BF 32F674 
70C2 DD7E01 
70C5 DD7700 
70C8 FD7E01 
70CB FD7700 
70CE 3AF574 
70D1 DD7701 
70D4 3AF674 
70D7 FD7701 
70DA 3E01 
70DC 32F474 
70DF 13 
70E0 3EFF 
70E2 BB 
70E3 C2A470 
70E6 3AF474 
70E9 FE01 
70EB C2F870 
70EE AF 
70EF 32F474 
70F2 110000 
70F5 C3A470 



00280 

00290 

00300 

00310 

00320 

00330 

00340 

00350 

00360 

00370 

00360 

00390 ENTRY2 

00400 

00410 

00420 

00430 

00440 

00450 

00460 ENTRY3 

00470 

00480 

00490 

00500 

00510 

00520 

00530 

00540 

00550 ENTRY4 

03560 

00570 

00580 

00590 RBLP 

00600 

00610 

00620 

00630 

00640 

00650 

00660 ENTRY5 

00670 

00680 

00690 

00700 

00710 

00720 

00730 

07 40 

00750 

00760 SORT 

00770 

007 80 

00790 

00800 SRT256 

00810 

820 

00830 SRTLP 

00840 

00850 

00860 

00870 

00880 

00890 

00900 

00910 

00920 

00930 

00940 

00950 

00960 

00970 

00980 

00990 

01000 

01010 

01020 

01030 NOSW 

01040 

01050 

01060 

01070 

01080 

01090 
01100 
01110 
01120 
01130 



CALL 40H 

LD HL.0MSG 

CALL 21BH 

LD HL,0DCB 

LD B,2 4 

CALL 40H 

LD HL.IBUFFR 

LD DE,IDCB 

LD B,l 

CALL 4424H 

JP NZ.DSKERR 

LD A,l 

LD (IDCB+9) ,A 

LD HL, BUFFER 

LD DE,0DCB 

LD B,0 

CALL 4420H 

JP NZ.DSKERR 

LD HL,CFTBL 

LD DE,CFTBL+1 

LD BC,256 

XOR A 

LD (HL) ,A 

LDIR 

LD HL.CFTBL2 

XOR A 

LD B,0 

LD (HL) ,A 

INC HL 

INC A 

DJNZ ENTRY4 

LD HI., CHAR 

LD DE, IDCB 

CALL 4436H 

JP Z,ENTRY5 

CP 28 

JP Z.SORT 

JP DSKERR 

LD HL.CFTBL 

LD D,0 

LD A, (CHAR) 

LD E,A 

ADD HL,DE 

LD A, 255 

CP (HL) 

JP Z,S0RT 

INC (HL) 

JP RBLP 

LD DE.IDCB 

LD BC,0 

CALL 4442H 

JP NZ.DSKERR 

XOR A 

LD (SWFLG) ,A 

LD DE,0 

LD IX,CFTBL 

LD IY,CFTBL2 

ADD IX, DE 

ADD IY,DE 

LD A, (IX) 

CP (IX+1) 

JP NC.NOSW 

LD (TEMP) ,A 

LD A,(IY) 

LD (TEMP2) ,A 

LD A, (IX+1) 

LD (IX), A 

LD A,(IY+1) 

LD (IY) ,A 

LD A, (TEMP) 

LD ( IX+1) ,A 

LD A, (TEMP2) 

LD (IY+1) ,A 

LD A,l 

LD (SWFLG) ,A 

INC DE 

LD A, 255 

CP E 

JP NZ, SRTLP 

LD A, (SWFLG) 

CP 1 

JP NZ.DONE 

XOR A 

LD (SWFLG) ,A 

LD DE,0 

JP SRTLP 



; INPUT LINE INTO (HL) 
;ASK FOR OUTPUT FILE NAME 



;OPEN INPUT FILE 
;JUMP IF DISK ERROR 



;MAKE LRL 



;CREATE OUTPUT FILE 
.-JUMP IF DISK ERROR 



;READ A CHAR. FROM INPUT FILE 



;E0F? 

.-JUMP IF SO 



;HL"START OF CHAR. TABLE 



;DE«CHAR READ FROM INPUT 
; POINT TO CHAR COUNT 



;CHAR COUNT-255? 



; RESET INPUT FILE TO 1ST BYTE 

;S0RT CFTBL AND CFTBL2, DESCEND- 
ING ORDER 



01140 ,-AT THIS POINT 1ST 19 
01150 .-FREQUENTLY APPEARING 



70F8 0613 
70FA DD215275 
70FE 11F473 
7101 DD6E00 
7104 DD6601 

7107 1A 

7108 77 

7109 DD23 
710B DD23 
710D 13 
710E 10F1 

7110 0613 
7112 21F473 

7115 C5 

7116 7E 



01160 DONE 

01170 

01180 

01190 MODIFY 

01200 

01210 

01220 

01230 

01240 

01250 

01260 

01270 

01280 

01290 

013 00 MLOOP 

01310 



LD B,19 
LD IX, MODS 
LD DE,CFTBL2 
LD L,(IX) 
LD H, (IX+1) 
LD A,(DE) 
LD (HL) ,A 
INC IX 
INC IX 
INC DE 
DJNZ MODIFY 
WRITE 19 BYTES TO 0U 
LD B,19 
LD HL.CFTBL2 
PUSH BC 
LD A, (HL) 



BYTES IN CFTBL2 ARE THE 19 MOST 
CHARACTERS IN THE INPUT FILE 

;PUT 1ST 19 BYTES IN CFTBL2 INTO 
; ADDRESSES IN MODS TABLE 



Listing I continued 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 63 



Now you and 

your trs-80 can team up for 

HASSLE-FREE 
PROGRAMMING 




LOAD 80 



It's true 

More TRS-80* pleasure and fewer programming 
headaches can be yours all year with Load 80 

Load 80 comes in your choice of cassette or disk, 
and is filled with more than a dozen "ready to run" 
programs listed in 80 Micro 

Its read v 

"'Ready to run" means the hard work has been 
done ahead of time! All you do is load and enjoy. 
No keyboarding hassles. No debugging. 

Every Load 80 features the high-quality tutorials, 
utilities, games, and word-processing programs 
you've come to expect from 80 Micro. It has 
everything you need for enjoyable, practical, easy 
TRS-80 computing. 

A subscription to Load 80 is more 
than just a wise purchase. It's an 
investment! You'll be building your 
software library for a fraction of 
the cost of comparable programs 
sold in retail stores! 



Yes! Save me time and money with 
load 80. Send me: 

□ 1 year of LOAD 80 on disk lor $199.97 
D 1 year of LOAD 80 on cassette fa $99.97 
D This month's LOAD 80 disk lor $21 .47 

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Card* 



FREE assistance 

Should you need assistance, the technical editors 
at Load 80 and 80 Micro will be ready to lend a 
hand. Hassle-free programming for you and your 
TRS-80 can begin right now with a year's 
subscription to Load 80 Simply return the postage- 
paid order card next to this ad, or call TOLL FREE 
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80 & a registered traoemarn ot Radio Snack, a division d Tandy Corp 






Ad Ires 

City 



Load 80 • 80 Pine Street • Peterborough, NH 03458 




Listing I continued 

7117 23 

7118 E5 

7119 CDA971 
711C El 
711D CI 
711E 10P5 



7120 
7123 
7126 
7129 
712B 
7120 
7130 
7132 
7135 
7137 
713A 
713D 
7140 
7143 
7146 
7148 
714B 
714E 
7151 
7153 
7156 
7159 
715C 
715F 
7161 
7164 
7167 
716A 
716D 
7170 
7172 
7175 
7178 
717B 
"17E 
7181 



216E72 

116F72 

CD3644 

2812 

FE1C 

C2CA71 

3E00 

CDA971 

3E04 

CDA971 

C32F75 

3A6E72 

CD3300 

3A6E72 

FE20 

C25171 

CDDE71 

C32071 

FE65 

C25F71 

CDD271 

CDDE71 

C32071 

FE74 

C27071 

CDD271 

CDD271 

CDDE71 

C32071 

FE61 

C28471 

CDD271 

CDD271 

CDD271 

CDDE71 

C32071 



7184 215072 
716/ 1E02 

7189 060F 
718B 3A6E72 

718E 1600 

7190 BE 

7191 CA9A71 

7194 19 

7195 10F9 
7197 21FFFF 

719A 7C 

719B A5 
719C FEFF 
71 9E CABC71 

71A1 2 3 
71A2 7E 
71A3 CDA971 
71A6 C32071 



71A9 
71AB 
7 IAD 
71B8 
71B3 
71B6 
71B9 
71BB 
71BC 



0608 

CB27 

DAB671 

CDD271 

C3B971 

CDDE71 

10F0 

C9 

3E00 



71BE 


CDA971 


71C1 


3A6E72 


71C4 


CDA971 


71C7 


C32071 


71CA 


F6CB 


7 ICC 


CD0944 


71CF 


C32D40 


71D2 


F5 


71D3 


C5 


71D4 


D5 


71D5 


E5 


71D6 


3E86 


71D8 


322072 


71DB 


C3E771 


71DE 


P5 


71DF 


C5 


71E0 


D5 


TlEl 


E5 


71E2 


3EC6 


71E4 


322072 



01320 

01330 

01340 

01350 

01360 

01370 

013 80 ;READ / 

01390 GCHAR 

01400 

01410 

01420 

01430 

01440 

01450 

01460 

01470 

01480 

01490 

01500 GCHAR2 

01510 

01520 

01530 CHI 

01540 

01550 

01560 

01570 GCHAR3 

01580 

01590 

01600 

01610 

01620 GCHAR4 

01630 

01640 

01650 

01660 

01670 

01680 GCHAR5 

01690 

01700 

01710 

01720 

01730 

ei740 

01750 ,-CHECK 

01760 GCHAR6 

01770 



INC HL 
PUSH HL 
CALL EIGHT 
POP HL 
POP BC 
DJNZ MLOOP 
CHAR. FROM 
LD HL,CHAR 
LD DE,IDCB 
CALL 4436H 
JR Z,GCHAR2 
CP 28 

JP NZ,DSKERR 
LD A,0 
CALL EIGHT 
LD A, 4 
CALL EIGHT 
JP CLOSE 
LD A, (CHAR) 
CALL 33H 
LD A, (CHAR) 
CP ' * 

JP NZ.GCHAR3 
CALL CHECK1 
JP GCHAR 

CP 'e' 

JP NZ.GCHAR4 
CALL CHECK 
CALL CHECK 1 
JP GCHAR 
CP 'f 

JP NZ.GCHAR5 
CALL CHECK 
CALL CHECK 
CALL CHECK1 
JP GCHAR 
CP 'a' 

JP NZ,GCHAR6 
CALL CHECK 8 
CALL CHECK0 
CALL CHECK 
CALL CHECK1 
JP GCHAR 
IF CHARACTER- o THRU 



INPUT FILE 

HL=ADRS OF CHAR. 



READ FROM INPUT 



CALL DOS READ ROUTINE 

JUMP IF NO ERROR 

END OF FILE? 

JUMP IF NOT 

ELSE WRITE END OF FILE CODE 

SEND 1ST EOF BYTE TO FILE 

SEND 2ND EOF BYTE TO FILE 
NOW CLOSE FILES 
DISPLAY CHARACTER READ 



; CHAR-SPACE? 
(JUMP IF NOT 
j SET HUFFMAN BIT IN BUFFER 



LOWER CASE 'E'? 



SET BUFFER BITS TO '01' IF SO 



= 'T" 



SET TO '001 ' FOR 't ' 



;SET TO '0001' FOR 'a' 



;CHAR 



01780 

01790 

01800 

01810 

01820 SRCH 

01830 

01840 

01850 

01860 

01870 

01880 SREND 

01890 

01900 

01910 

01920 

01930 

01940 

01950 

01960 

01970 

01980 EIGHT 

01990 ELOOP 

02000 

02010 

02020 

02030 EIGHTl 

02040 ECONT 

02050 

02060 

02070 

02080 

02090 

02100 



TABLE OF CHAR. AND CODES 
t OF BYTES/TABLE ENTRY 
# OF ENTRIES IN TABLE 
= SEARCH CHAR. 



LD HL, TABLE 

LD E,2 

LD B,15 

LD A, (CHAR) 
SEARCH TABLE FOR CHAR 

LD D,0 

CP (HL) 

JP Z, SREND 

ADD HL.DE 

DJNZ SRCH 

LD HL,-1 
IF CHAR. FOUND IT' 

LD A,H 

AND L 

CP 0FFH 

JP Z.ESCGRP 
IN o THRU 

INC HL 

LD A,(HL) 

CALL EIGHT 

JP GCHAR 
;WRITE 8 BITS IN A 

LD B,8 

SLA A 

JP C.EIGHT1 

CALL CHECK 

JP ECONT 

CALL CHECK 1 

DJNZ ELOOP 

RET 

LD A,0 

CALL EIGHT 

LD A, (CHAR) 

CALL EIGHT 

JP GCHAR 

02110 ;DISK INPUT/OUTPUT ERROR ROUTINE 
02120 DSKERR OR 0C0H 
02130 CALL 4409H 

02140 JP 402DH 

02150 (ROUTINE TO SET OR RESET THE NEXT BIT IN (BUFFER) . THE 
02160 (BUFFER BYTE CONTAINING THE BIT IS POINTED TO BY (BYTPTR) 
02170 (THE BIT WITHIN THE BYTE IS POINTED TO BY THE 3 LOWER 
02180 (BITS OF (BTCTR) . THE BUFFER IS WRITTEN TO DISK WHEN 
02190 (BIT OF LAST BYTE IN BUFFER IS ALTERED. 
02200 (ENTER AT CHECK0 TO RESET THE NEXT BIT. 
02210 (ENTER AT CHECK1 TO SET THE NEXT BIT. 
02220 CHECK0 PUSH AF 
2230 PUSH BC 

02240 PUSH DE 

02250 PUSH HL 

02260 LD A,86H 

02270 LD (INSTR+1),A (ALTER OPCODE TO RES B,(HL) 

02280 JP CHKA 

02290 CHECK 1 PUSH AF 
02300 PUSH BC 

02310 PUSH DE 

B2.329 PUSH HL 

02330 LD A.0C6H 

02340 LD (INSTR+1) ,A (ALTER OPCODE TO SET B,(HL) 

Listing 1 continued 



ESCGRP 



(JUMP IF CHAR FOUND 



(FLAG FOR NOT FOUND 
ADRS IS IN HL.ELSE HL— 1 



JUMP IF CHAR NOT o THRU w 
GRP SO WRITE 8 BIT CODE TO BUFFER 
HL POINTS TO 8 BIT CODE 



WRITE 8 BITS IN A TO BUFFER 

REG TO BUFFER 

;B HOLDS BIT COUNT 

(SHIFT BIT INTO CARRY FLAG 

(RESET BUFFER BIT 

(SET BUFFER BIT 
(CONTINUE IF NOT DONE 

(WRITE CODE TO BUFFER 

(WRITE 8 BIT ASCII CODE TO BUFFER 



ter from the input file, determine if the 
character is one of the first four contained 
in the character frequency tabic, and write 
the ASCII equivalent to the output file 
when it is. 

Lines 1100-1210 determine if the char- 
acter is a 16-bit character and write the 
ASCII equivalent to the output file. The pro- 
gram continues looping through lines 
750- 1 180 until it reaches the end of the in- 
put file. It then closes both files and exits 
to DOS. 

Expanding on Compression 

My Compress and Decompress pro- 
grams are intended primarily to conserve 
disk space, but since compressed files are 
unintelligible, you can also use them to 
keep prying eyes away from sensitive data 
held in text files. ■ 

You can reach Stewart F. Hunter at 
15510 Murray Hill. Detroit. MI 48227. 



Related Articles 

Miller. Franklyn D. "Compress It." March 
1983. p. 336. Reduce the size of Basic pro- 
grams by removing remark statements and 
improving program logic. 

Wood. Charles. "Compress. Model II 
Style." Anniversary Issue 1983. p. 554. 
Compress Model II Basic programs. 



Circle 361 on Reader Service card. 



TRS-80 COMPUTERS 
BODEX CORP. 

MODEL 1000 $979°° 

Mem Board $233°° 

2nd Drive $140°° 

128K Mem $75°° 

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MODEL IV P 

(LIMITED SUPPLY) . . $850°° 

MODEL 2000 CALL 

MODEL 100 8K $339°° 

MODEL 100 24K $409°° 

MODEL 200 $799°° 



92 



OKIDATA 
$379" 93 



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SG10. ...$239" SG15...$379" 



ALL TRS«) PRINTERS 



BODEX CORP. 

224 E. Main St. 

Marlboro, MA 01752 

Phone (617) 485-5115 or 481-1027 

TRS« Trademark of TANDY 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 65 



Circle 235 on Reader Service card. 



For Model III & Model 4, 1 or 2 drives 



READING 

■ IN SCHOOL SAT WORK • AT HOME 

DOUBLES reading speed In three weeks! 

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from present speed to Speed Reading 

(No computer knowledge needed) 



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Develops: 

vocabulary, visual skills, reading speed and 
comprehension. Stores response. Chads progress. 



NOW - Call or write 



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30% DISCOUNT 



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SPECIAL 

Sample Disk with 
Personal Reading Test 

S5.00 

|cn4HW to !«<>«• "I KNWl 



LSR Learning Associates. Inc. 

707 Broad Hollow Road 

Farmingdale. New York 11735 

(516) 293 6699 



Circle 456 on Reader Service card. 



BBBDMSY WHEEL 

New Smith Corona L-1000 



T-;,e *tte' QuaMy p'i"ie' 'c *ss i^an ir>e cost o' a r 
oti.ee iyp*w"ter' P' ceo $500 >ess man otnei popuia' 
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Mechanicsville, VA 23111 
(804)746-1600 

ADDITIONAL PRINTER SPECIALS 

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Gemini 10X 269 CItoh 1550 519 
Gem.PrType 329 Okimite 20 1*9 
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Sv.Reed 500 379 Zen Monitor 99 
TO ORDER CALL TOLL FREE 800-361-9191 

in V.igima can 804 321 9191 

we accept MasterCard. v«a and COOs 



Epson 


Okidata 


RX80 1739 


«L82 J299 


80FT* 299 


ML83 519 


RX100 399 


"L84 649 


mo* va 


vmi m 


FX100»599 


W193 579 


JX 80 579 


ML182 229 



Listing I continued 












71E7 2AF172 


02350 


CHKA 


LD HL 


, (BTCTR) 


;GET COUNT OF BUFFER BITS 


71EA 3E07 


02360 




LD A, 


7 




71EC A5 


02370 




AND L 




;MASK OUT 3 LSB 


71ED CB27 


02380 




SLA A 






71EF CB27 


02390 




SLA A 






71F1 CB27 


02400 




SLA A 






71F3 212872 


02410 




LD HL 


, INSTR+1 




71F6 B6 


02420 




OR (HL) 




71F7 77 


02430 




LD (HL) ,A 


; INSERT 3 LSB INTO SET/RES OPCODE 


71F8 2AF172 


02440 




LD HL 


, (BTCTR) 




71FB 2B 


02450 




DEC HL 


; DECREMENT BIT COUNTER 


71FC 22F172 


02460 




LD (BTCTR) ,HL 




71FF 7C 


02470 




LD A, 


H 




7208 A5 


024 80 




AND L 






7201 FEFF 


02490 




CP 0FFH 


;BIT CTR-FFFFH? (BUFFER FILLED)? 


7203 C21172 


02500 




JP NZ 


, NOEOB 


,-JUMP IF NOT 


7206 21FF07 


02510 




LD HL 


,2047 


;ELSE RESET BIT COUNTER 


7209 22F172 


02520 




LD (BTCTR) ,HL 




720C 3E01 


02530 




LD A, 


1 


j SET END-OF-BL'FFER FLAG 


720E C31272 


02540 




JP NOEOB2 




7211 AF 


02550 


NOEOB 


XOR A 




; RESET END-OF-BUFFER FLAG 


7212 324F72 


02560 


NOEOB 2 


LD (EOBFLG) ,A 


; STORE EOB FLAG 


7215 3AF372 


02570 




LD A, 


(BYTCTR) 




7218 3D 


02580 




DEC A 






7219 32F372 


02590 




LD (BYTCTR) ,A 


;DECR. BYTE COUNTER 


721C 2AEF72 


02600 


GBP 


LD HL 


, (BYTPTR) 


;GET BYTE POINTER 


721F CBC6 


02610 


INSTR 


SET 


. (HL) 


;THIS OPCODE WAS ALTERED EARLIER 


7221 3AF372 


02620 




LD A, 


(BYTCTR) 




7224 B7 


02630 




OR A 






7225 C23472 


02640 




JP HZ 


,GBP2 




7228 3E08 


02650 




LD A, 


8 


;IF ALL BITS IN 1 BUFFER BYTE 


722A 32F372 


02660 




LD (BYTCTR) ,A 


;ARE DONE POINT AT NEXT BYTE 


722D 2AEF72 


02670 




LD HL 


, (BYTPTR) 




7230 23 


2680 




INC H 


L 




7231 22EF72 


26 90 




LD (BYTPTR) ,HL 




7234 3A4F72 


02700 


GBP2 


LD A, 


( EOBFLG) 




7237 B7 


02710 




OR A 




; EOB FLAG SET? 


7238 CA4A72 


02720 




JP Z, 


CHKEND 


,-JUMP IF NOT 


723B 11AF72 


02738 




LD DE 


,ODCB 




723E CD3944 


02740 




CALL 


4439H 


;ELSE WRITE BUFFER TO DISK 


7241 C2CA71 


02750 




JP NZ 


,DSKERR 




7244 218876 


02760 




LD HL 


.BUFFER 


,-SET BYTE POINTER TO START 


7247 22EF72 


02770 




LD (BYTPTR) ,HL 




724A El 


02780 


CHKEND 


POP HL 


; RESTORE REGISTERS USED 


724B Dl 


27 90 




POP DE 




724C CI 


02800 




POP BC 




724D Fl 


02810 




POP AF 




724E C9 


2820 




RET 




,-EXIT THIS ROUTINE 


724F 00 


02830 


EOBFLG 


DEFB 


e 




7250 6F 


02840 


TABLE 


DEFM 


' o' 




7251 01 


02850 




DEFB 


1 




7252 69 


02860 




DEFM 


1 1 ' 




7253 02 


02870 




DEFB 


2 




7254 6E 


02880 




DEFM 


' n ' 




7255 03 


02890 




DEFB 


3 




7256 73 


2 900 




DEFH 


' s ' 




7257 04 


02910 




DEFB 


4 




7258 72 


02920 




DEFM 


' r ' 




7259 05 


02930 




DEFB 


5 




725A 68 


02940 




DEFM 


'h' 




725B 06 


02950 




DEFB 


6 




725C 6C 


02960 




DEFH 


' 1 ' 




725D 07 


02970 




DEFB 


7 




725E 64 


02980 




DEFH 


'd' 




725F 08 


02990 




DEFB 


8 




7260 63 


03000 




DEFM 


' c ' 




7261 09 


03010 




DEFB 


9 




7262 75 


03020 




DEFM 


• u ' 




7263 0A 


03030 




DEFB 


13 




7264 6D 


03040 




DEFM 


'm' 




7265 0B 


03050 




DEFB 


11 




7266 66 


03060 




DEFM 


1 i ' 




7267 0C 


03070 




DEFB 


12 




7268 70 


03080 




DEFM 


'P' 




7269 0D 


03090 




DEFB 


13 




726A 67 


03100 




DEFM 


'g* 




726B 0E 


03110 




DEFB 


14 




726C 77 


03120 




DEFM 


' w ' 




726D 0F 


03130 




DEFB 


15 




726E 00 


03140 


CHAR 


DEFB 


1 




0040 


03150 


IDCB 


DEFS 


64 




0040 


03160 


ODCB 


DEFS 


6 4 




72EF 0000 


03170 


BYTPTR 


DEFW 







72F1 0000 


031B0 


BTCTR 


DEFH 







72F3 00 


03190 


BYTCTR 


DEFB 


1 




0100 


03200 


CFTBL 


DEFS 


256 




0100 


03210 


CFTBL2 


DEFS 


256 




74F4 00 


03220 


SWFLG 


DEFB 


B 




74F5 00 


03230 


TEMP 


DEFB 


e 




74F6 00 


03240 


TEMP2 


DEFB 


C 




74F7 0A 


03250 


IMSG 


DEFB 


0AH 




74F8 4E 


03260 




DEFM 


'NAME OF 


FILE TO BE COMPRESSED ■ ' 


74F9 41 












7 4FA 4D 












74FB 45 












7 4FC 20 












74FD 4F 












74FE 46 












74FF 20 












7500 46 












7581 49 












7502 4C 












7503 45 










Listing 1 continued 



Circle 137 on Reader Service card. 



Listing I continued 

75B4 21 

7515 54 

7516 4F 

7517 20 

7518 42 
75*9 45 
75IA 20 
750B 43 
750C 4F 
750D 4D 
7S0E 50 
750F 52 
7518 45 

7511 53 

7512 53 

7513 45 

7514 44 

7515 20 

7516 3D 

7517 20 

7518 03 

7519 0A0A 
751B 4E 
751C 41 
751D 4D 
751E 45 
751F 20 

7520 4F 

7521 46 

7522 20 

7523 4E 

7524 45 

7525 57 

7526 20 

7527 46 
752B 49 
7529 4C 
752A 45 
752B 20 
752C 3D 
752D 20 



03270 DEFB 03 

03280 OMSG DEFW 0A0AH 

03290 DEFM "NAME OF NEW FILE 



752E 03 


03300 
03310 


DEFB 03 




03320 ;CLOSE 


BOTH FILES 


752F 116F72 


03330 CLOSE 


LD DE.IDCB 


7532 CD2844 


03340 


CALL 4428H 


7535 C2CA71 


03350 


JP NZ,DSKERR 


7538 11AF72 


03360 


LD DE.ODCB 


753B CD3944 


03370 


CALL 4 43 9H 


753E C2CA71 


03380 


JP NZ.DSKERR 


7541 11AF72 


03390 


LD DE,ODCB 


7544 CD2844 


03400 


CALL 442 8H 


7547 C2CA71 


03410 


JP NZ,DSKERR 


754A 3E0D 


03420 


LD A.0DH 


754C CD3300 


03430 


CALL 33H 


754F C32D40 


03440 


JP 402DH 


7552 4771 


03450 MODS 


DEFW CH1+1 


7554 5271 


03460 


DEFW GCHAR3+1 


7536 6071 


03470 


DEFW GCHAR4+1 


7558 7171 


03480 


DEFW GCHAR5+1 


755A 5072 


03490 


DEFW TABLE 


755C 5272 


03500 


DEFW TABLE+2 


755E 5472 


03510 


DEFW TABLE+4 


7560 5672 


03520 


DEFW TABLE+6 


7562 5872 


03530 


DEFW TABLE+8 


7564 5A72 


03S40 


DEFW TABLE+10 


7566 5C72 


03550 


DEFW TABLE+12 


756b 5E72 


03560 


DEFW TABLE+14 


7 56A 607 2 


03570 


DEFW TABLE+16 


756C 6272 


03580 


DEFW 7ABLE+18 


756E 6472 


03590 


DEFW TABLE+20 


7570 6672 


03600 


DEFW TABLE+22 


7 57 2 6 87 2 


03610 


DEFW TABLE+24 


7574 6A72 


03620 


DEFW TABLE+26 


7576 6C72 


03630 


DEFW TABLE*28 


0100 


03640 IBUFFR 


DEFS 256 


0010 


03650 


DEFS 16 


0100 


03660 BUFFER 


DEFS 256 


7000 


03670 


END ENTRY 


00000 Total 


Errors 





,-CLOSE INPUT FILE 



;WRITE REMAINING BYTES TO OUTPUT 



,-CLOSE OUTPUT FILE 



j EXIT TO DOS 



Program Listing 2. Decompress program. 



7000 
7000 
7003 
7004 
7007 
7009 
700C 
700E 
7011 
7014 
7017 



CDC 901 

KF 

326B71 

3E01 

326A71 

3E07 

326971 

212E72 

CD1B02 

21AE71 



00100 
00110 
00120 
00130 
00140 
00150 
00160 
00170 
00180 
00190 
00200 
00210 
00220 
00230 
00240 
00250 
00260 



;MIIMIIHinilHMtl IIIHHIII 

}# "DCOMPRS" TEXT DE-COMPRESSOR t 

;« VERSION 2.1 I 

;• Copyright 1984 by Stewart F. Hunter * 

; MMIItli IIIMtHtlllllMllllttm 



ORG 7000H 

CALL 01C9H 

XOR A 

LD (EOFLG) ,A 

LD A,l 

LD (RBFLAG) r A 

LD A, 7 

LD (LMB) ,A 

LD HL.IMSG 

CALL 21 BH 

LD HL.IDCB 



CLEAR THE SCREEN 
INITIALIZE 

END OF FILE FLAG 

; READ-BUFFER FLAG 



Listing 2 continued 



FOR TRS-80 MODELS 1 , 3 A 4 
IBM PC, XT, AND COMPAQ 

COMMERCIAL 

SOFTWARE 
DEVELOPERS 

and 

INDIVIDUAL 

PROGRAMMERS 

appreciate MMSFORTH for its: 

• Power 

• Flexibility 

• Compactness 

• Development speed 

• Execution speed 

• Maintainability. 

When you want to create the 
ultimate: 

• Computer Language 

• Application 

• Operating System 

• Utility, 

BUILD IT in 




FORTH 



(Unless we have it ready for you now!) 

Bulk Distribution Licensing @ $500 
for 50 units, or as little as pennies 
each in large quantities. 
(Corporate Site License required.) 

The total software environment for 
IBM PC, TRS-80 Model 1 . 3, 4 and 
close friends. 

• Personal License (required): 

MMSFORTH System Disk (IBM PC) . . $249.95 

MMSFORTH System Disk 'TRS-80 1. 3 or 4| 120.05 

• Personal License (optional modules) 

FORTHCOM communications module . . . . 5 39.95 

UTILITIES 39.95 

GAMES 39.95 

EXPERT-2 expert system 69.95 

DATAHANDLER 59.95 

DATAHANDLER-PLUS (PC only. 128K req ) 99.95 

FORTHWRITE *ord processor 175.00 

• Corporate Site License 
Extensions from $1,000 

• Some recommended Forth books: 

UNDERSTANDING FORTH (overview) . . $ 2.95 
STARTING FORTH 'programming) . 18.95 

THINKING FORTH (technique) 15.95 

BEGINNING FORTH (re MMSFORTH) . . 16.95 

Shipping/handling & tax extra No returns on soltware 
Ask your dealer to show you the world of 

MMSFORTH, or request our free brochure 

MILLER MICROCOMPUTER SERVICES 

61 Lake Shore Road. Natick, MA 01760 

(617)653-6136 



Orel* 356 on Reader Swvtc* card. 



LARGE CAPACITY 

ACCOUNTING PROGRAMS 



M. NEED JUST 2 DRIVES M. 

FOR CAPACITY BELOW 



ACCTS RKCKIVAMJ1 SI 50.00 

S00O+ ACCOUNTS 1 SO0O+ TRANSACTIONS 
BALANCC FOBS* ARO 9ft TRANSACT CODES 
30-60-90-1 20 AGCO STATEMENTS SHOW 
DATE / 1 NV« / OESCRIP / AM T / A AGE I NG 
SELECTIVE FINANCE CHARGES • RATES 
FAST ENTRY POSTING W / AUDIT REPORT 
SUB - ACCTS. «CREOIT LIMIT DATE OF 
LAST PAYMENT. LABELS 
AOD SS0.00 FOR INVOICING MODULE 
OTHER OPTIONS AVAILABLE - CALL - 



ACCTS PAYABLE $5000 

DERIVEO FROM OUR A/R- WRITES CHECKS 



QIMERAL LIDOCR $1 50.00 

400+ACCTS 9000+ TRANSACTIONS/MONTH 

- BEST LOOKING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

- DEPARTMENTAL P A L (UP TO SI 

- STATEMENT OF CHANGES 

- SUB-TOTALS WHERE YOU WANT 

- FAST FLEXIBLE POSTING INPUT 

- PERCENTAGE PAL 




COMBINATION SPECIALS 

• 1 A/R A GA. FOR S2OO00 

• 2 A/R A/P A G/L FOR ... $225 00 
HARD D6K VERSION SLIGHTLY MORE 




Circle 381 on Reader Service car 


J. 


TRS-80 COMPUTERS 


BODEX CORP. 


MODEL 1000 


$979°° 


Mem Board 


. $233°° 


2nd Drive 


. $140°° 


128KMem 


. $75"° 


MODEL 1200 


CALL 


MODEL IV 


$959°° 


MODEL IV P 




(LIMITED SUPPLY) 


$850°° 


MODEL 2000 


.CALL 


MODEL 100 8K 


$339°° 


MODEL 100 24K. ... 


$409°° 


MODEL 200 


$799°° 


OKIDATA 




92 $379" 93 .. 


$579- 



STAR GEMINI PRINTERS 
SG10....$239" SG15... $379" 

I ALL TRS« PRINTERS I 

BODEX CORP. 

224 E. Main St. 

Marlboro, MA 01752 

Phone (617) 485-5115 or 481-1027 

TRSS0 Trademark o* TANDY 



Listing 2 continued 

701A 0618 
701C CD4000 
701P 215272 
7022 CD1B02 
7025 21EE71 
7028 0618 
702A CD4000 
702D 215573 
7030 11AE71 
7033 0601 
7035 CD2444 
7038 C26072 
703B 3E01 
703D 32B771 
7040 216574 
7043 FD216574 
7047 11EE71 
704A 0600 
704C CD2044 
704F C26 872 
7052 0613 
7054 216C71 

7057 CS 

7058 ES 

7059 11AE71 
705C CD3644 
705F C26 872 

7062 El 

7063 CI 

7064 23 

7065 10F0 
7067 0613 

7069 DD210071 
706D 116C71 

7070 CD7E70 
7073 0604 
7075 116C71 
707 8 CD7E70 
707B C38E78 
707 E DD6E00 
7081 DD6601 

7084 1A 

7085 77 

7086 DD23 
7088 DD23 
708A 13 
708B 10F1 
708D C9 
708E CDEB72 
7091 3A6B71 
7094 FECI 
7096 CA7072 
7099 3A6771 
709C FE20 
709E CA1F71 
70A1 FE65 
70A3 CA1F71 
70A6 FE74 
70A8 CA1F71 
70AB FE61 
70 AD CA1F71 

70B0 214971 

70B3 1E02 

70B5 060F 

70B7 3A6771 

70BA 1600 
70BC BE 
70BD CAC670 
70C0 19 
70C1 10F9 
70C3 21FFFF 

70C6 7C 
70C7 AS 
70C8 FEFF 
7 OCA CAD570 



? INPUT LINE INTO (HL) 



; INPUT LINE INTO (ID 



j OPEN INPUT FILE 



;HAKE LRL • 1 
{INITIALIZE IT POINTER 



t CREATE OUTPUT PILE 



00270 LD B,24 

00280 CALL 40H 

00290 LD HL,OHSG 

00300 CALL 21BB 

00310 LD HL.ODCB 

00320 LD B,24 

00330 CALL 40H 

00340 LD HL.IBUPPR 

00350 LD DE.IDCB 

00360 LDB.l 

00370 CALL 4424B 

00380 JP NZ.DSKERR 

00390 ONXT LD A,l 

00400 LD (IDCBt-9) ,A 

00410 LD HL, BUFFER 

00420 LD IY, BUFFER 

00430 LD DE.ODCB 

00440 LD B,0 

00450 CALL 4420H 

00460 JP NZ.DSKERR 

00470 RD19 LD B,19 

00480 LD HL,CFTBL2 

00490 RD19LP PUSH BC 
00500 PUSH HL 

LD 0E.IDCB 

CALL 4436H 

JP NZ.DSKERR 

POP HL 

POP BC 

INC HL 

DJNZ RD19LP 

LD B,19 

LD IX, HODS 

LD DE.CFTBL2 

CALL NODI FY 

LD B,4 

LD DE.CFTBL2 

CALL MODIFY 

JP HAINLP 

LD L,(IX) 

LD H,(IX+1) 

LD A,(DE) 

LD (HL) ,A 

INC IX 

INC IX 

INC DE 

DJNZ MODIFY 

RET 

CALL GETCHR 

LD A.IEOFLG) 

CP 1 

JP 2, CLOSE 

LD A,(OCHAR) 

CP ' ' 

JP Z,WRTCHR 

CP 'e' 

JP Z,WRTCHR 

CP *t' 

JP Z.WRTCHB 

CP *«' 

JP Z, WRTCHR 
IF CHARACTER* 

LD HL, TABLE 

LD E,2 

LD B,15 

LD A, (OCHAR) 
; SEARCH TABLE FOR CHAR. 

LD D,0 

CP (HL) 

JP Z.SREND 

ADD HL.DE 

DJNZ SRCH 

LD HL,-1 
;IF CHAR. FOUND IT'S ADRS IS IN HL.ELSE HL«-1 

LD A,H 



7 BCD 
70CE 
70CF 
70D2 
70D5 
70D8 
70D9 
70DC 
70DE 
70E1 
70E4 
70E6 
70E9 
70EC 
70EF 
70F2 
70P5 
70F6 
70F7 
70F8 
70F9 
70FA 
70FB 
70FC 
70FD 



23 

7E 

326771 

C31F71 

3A6771 

B7 

C2EC70 

0608 

CD3273 

3A6771 

FE04 

CA7072 

C31F71 

21F570 

CD1B02 

C37072 

OA 

2A 

2A 

20 

44 

45 

43 

4F 
44 



00510 
00520 
00530 

00540 

00550 

00580 

00570 

00580 

00590 

00600 

00610 

00620 

00630 

00640 

00650 

00660 MODIFY 

00670 

00680 

00690 

00700 

00710 

00720 

C0730 

00740 

00750 MAISLP 

00760 

00770 

007 B0 

007 90 

00 800 CHI 

00810 

00 820 CH2 

00830 

00840 CH3 

00850 

00860 CH4 

00870 

00 880 I CHECK 

00 890 CUKE 

00 900 

00910 

00920 

00930 

00940 

00950 SRCH 

00960 

00970 

00980 

00990 

01000 

01010 SREND 

01020 AND L 

01030 CP OFFH 

01040 JP Z.ESCGRP 

01050 ;CHAR IS IN o THRU 



j GET AN ENCODED CHAR. FROH INPUT 

;END OF IK PUT FILE? 
;CLOSE FILES IF SO 
;P0T CHAR READ INTO A REG. 
j IS IT A SPACE? 

j IS IT e? 

;IS IT t? 

;IS IT a? 

o THRU v 

TABLE OF CHAR. AND CODES 
I OF BYTES/TABLE ENTRY 
I OF ENTRIES IN TABLE 

» SEARCH CHAR. 



j JUMP IF CHAR FOUND 



;FLAG FOR HOT FOUND 



ESCGRP 



01060 

01070 

01080 

01090 

01100 

81110 

01120 

01130 

01140 

01150 

01160 

01170 

01180 

01190 CODERR 

01200 

01210 

01220 ERRMSG 

01230 



INC HL 

LD A,(HL) 

LD (OCHAR) .A 

JP WRTCHR 

LD A, (OCHAR) 

OR A 

JP NZ, CODERR 

LD B,B 

CALL GCLP 

LD A, (OCHAR) 

CP 4 

JP Z, CLOSE 

JP WRTCHR 

LD HL, ERRMSG 

CALL 21BH 

JP CLOSE 

DEFB 0AH 

DEFN '•• DECODING ERROR 



{JUMP IF CHAR NOT O THRU w 
GRP SO WRITE ASCII CODE TO BUFFER 
;HL POINTS TO ASCII CODE 



;PUT ASCII CODE INTO OCHAR 
jGO WRITE IT TO OUTPUT FILE 
;CHAR.= ESC CODE (00)? 

;JUMP IF NOT ESC. CODE 

;ELSE, READ NEXT 8 BITS TO OCHAR 

j IS IT END OF FILE CODE? 
j IF SO, CLOSE FILES 
;ELSE SEND TO OUTPUT FILE 
2 PRINT ERROR MSG 



Listing 2 continued 



Circle 383 on Reader Service card. 



Listing 2 continued 



70FE 49 








70FF 4E 








7100 47 








7101 20 








7102 45 








7103 52 








7104 52 








7105 4F 








7106 52 








7107 20 








7108 2A 








7109 2A 








71BA 0A 


01240 


DEFB 


0AH 


710B 20 


01250 


DEFM 


■ ABORTIX 


710C 41 








710D 42 








710E 4F 








710F 52 








7110 54 








7111 49 








7112 4E 








7113 47 








7114 20 








7115 50 








7116 52 








7117 4F 








7118 47 








7119 52 








711A 41 








711B 4D 








711C 0A 


01260 


DEFB 


CAii 


711D 03 


01270 


DEFB 


C3 




01280 ;WRITE 


AN ASCII CHARAC 


711E 00 


01290 CNTR 


DEFB 





711F 216771 


01300 WRTCHR 


LD HI 


, OCHAR 


7122 7E 


01310 


LD A, 


(HL) 


7123 FD7700 


01320 


LD (IY) ,A 


7126 CD3300 


01330 


CALL 


33H 


7129 FD23 


01340 


INC IY 


712B 3A1E71 


01350 


LD A, 


(CNTR) 


712E 3C 


01360 


INC A 


712F 321E71 


01370 


LD (CNTR) ,A 


7132 FE00 


013 80 


CP 




7134 2010 


01390 


JK N2 


,SKIP 


7136 216574 


01400 


LD HL, BUFFER 


7139 11EE71 


01410 


LD DE 


,ODCB 


713C CD3944 


01420 


CALL 


4439H 


713F C26872 


01430 


JP M2 


,DSKERR 


7142 FD216574 


31443 


LD I - . 


, BUFFER 


7146 C38E70 


01450 SKIP 


JP HAINLP 


7149 01 


01460 TABLE 


DE'.FB 


1 


714A 6F 


31473 


DEFM 


' 0" 


714B 02 


01480 


DEFB 


2 


714C 69 


01490 


DEFM 


1 i ' 


714D 03 


01500 


DEFB 


3 


714E 6E 


01510 


DEFM 


' n ' 


714F 04 


01520 


DEFB 


4 


7150 73 


01530 


DEFM 


igi 


7151 05 


01540 


DEFB 


5 


7152 72 


01550 


DEFM 


' r ' 


7153 06 


01560 


DEFB 


6 


7154 68 


0157B 


DEFM 


1 r. ' 


7155 07 


01580 


DEFB 


7 


7156 6C 


01590 


DEFM 


'1' 


7157 08 


01600 


DEFB 


8 


7158 64 


01610 


DEFM 


'd' 


7159 09 


01620 


DEFB 


9 


715A 63 


01630 


DEFM 


' c ' 


715B 0A 


01640 


DEFB 


13 


715C 75 


01650 


DEFM 


'u' 


715D 0B 


01660 


DEFB 


11 


715E 6D 


01670 


DEFM 


' r. ' 


715F OC 


01680 


DEFB 


12 


7160 66 


01690 


DEFM 


'£" 


7161 0D 


01700 


DEFB 


13 


7162 70 


01710 


DEFM 


'P' 


7163 0E 


01720 


DEFB 


14 


7164 67 


01730 


DEFM 


'q' 


7165 0F 


01740 


DEFB 


15 


7166 77 


01750 


DEFM 


1 M ' 


7167 00 


01760 OCHAR 


DEFB 


3 


7168 00 


01770 IBYTE 


DEFB 


3 


7169 07 


017 80 LNB 


DEFB 


7 


716A 00 


017 90 RBFLAG 


DEFB 


3 


716B 00 


01800 EOFLG 


DEFB 


3 


0014 


01810 CFTBL2 


DEFS 


20 


7180 9D7 


01820 MODS 


DEFK 


CH1 + 1 


7182 A270 


01830 


DEFW 


CH2+1 


7184 A770 


01840 


DEFW 


CH3+1 


7186 AC70 


01850 


DEFW 


CH4+1 


7188 4A71 


01860 


DEFW 


TABLE+1 


71 8A 4C71 


01870 


DEFW 


TABLE+3 


71 8C 4E71 


01880 


DEFW 


TABLE+5 


718E 5071 


01890 


DEFW 


TABLE+7 


7190 5271 


01900 


DEFW 


TABLE+9 


7192 5471 


01910 


DEFW 


TABLE+11 


7194 5671 


01920 


DEFW 


TABLE+13 


7196 5871 


01930 


DEFW 


TABLE+1 5 


7198 5A71 


01940 


DEFW 


TABLE+17 


719A 5C71 


01950 


DEFW 


TABLE+1 9 


719C 5E71 


01960 


DEFW 


TABLE+21 


719E 6071 


01970 


DEFW 


TABLE+23 


71A0 6271 


01980 


DEFW 


TABLE+25 


71A2 6471 


01990 


DEFW 


TABLE+27 



j OUTPUT BUFFER COUNTER 



;WRITE BUFF TO OUTPUT FILE 



; RESET BUFFER POINTER 

;GO DECODE NEXT CHARACTER 



Listing 2 conUiuicd 



LETTER -WRITER" 

" Intergrated WORD PROCESSING Power 




THE "BEST" SOFTWARE IS GUARANTEED! 
TRY IT and LIKE IT. or GET a REFUND 

The machine code diak L-W li "A" rated by 
Allenbech'i "SOFTWARE REPORTS" for: 

EAST USE. DOCUMENTATION. FEATURES 

- FORM LETTERS and LABELS on any printer. 

- ADD and SUB bookkeeping and tax columns. 

- LEGAL PAPER LINE NUMBERING, Centering. 

- Copy. move, delete, Insert, merge, select. 

- Screen display same as printout, unmodified 
M I users can see and print up /lower case. 

"MASS MAILER, graphics, cancel changes. 

-SPLIT SCREEN typing line, see old and 
new versions, word wrap, disk warm start. 

•Over SO "one key" INSERTION PHRASES. 

-ONE MODE: Type / Edit / Delete without 
switching modes - NO TRAINING PERIOD. 



WE PAY TAX and USA SHIPPING. Try your 
L-W for S months. Like it or return It for 
a refund, leas our shipping costs of: 13.50. 

Models 1. ID / IV: TAPE UK f 17.88 

DISK 32 K ( 'Kitra Features ) $ 47.99 

10 Verbatim SS/DD $ 19.09. D8/DD t 33.99 
20 MlCToaette C-10 tapes and boxes I 13.95 



ASTRO-STAR ENTERPRISES 
S905 Stone Hill Dr. Information/orders: 
Rocklin. CA 95677 ( 910 ) 624-3709 

Orders: 1-600-622-4070 ^ flgf) 
In IL 1-600-942-7317 "■■J*™' 



Circle 539 on Reader Service card 



TRS-80 



DISCOUNT 




Computers 

at Guaranteed 

Low Prices* 



ATONCP/M FORM. 12. 16 



EPSON & NEC PRINTERS 



0YSAN DISKETTES 



HAYES MODEMS 

Desert Sound, Inc. 
of California 

1-800-835-5247 
Factory Authorized Dealer 

TRS-80 Is a Reg. Trademark ol Tandy Corp. 

•Call for FREE CATALOG 
and Price Guarantee 
Calif. Res. Call 619-244-6883 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 69 



*! omm}* t ^ tm n ^n * "^ 



Circle 239 on Reader Service card. 



MODULAR I/O PORT KITS 

PARALLEL 8 BIT INPUT A OUTPUT • 
MODELS I, H, 4 A CoCo 

MODULAR DESIGN FOR ADDITION OF MULTIPLE PORTS 

LATCHED OUTPUT STATUS MONITORED BY LEO'S 

SWITCH SELECTABLE I ADDRESS 

SOFTWARE DIAGNOSTICS 

110 PORT KIT INCLUDES .... 

4 5 ■ 6 ' Printed circuit board. All components. 

Cable (connects to bus eipansion port). 

Diagnostic software listing (Basic), and Manual 

'Requires 5V WOmt supply/ 

J107K Complete I/O Port Kit $35 

D10OK 5 Volt Power Supply $25 

J202K A-D/D-A Interface $35 

J105K Buffer Board Kit $25 



(I J10SK FREE FOR EVERY 4 JIO/KS ORDERED, 
si no chick on anil owxri 

D & A Research 

400 Wilson Avenue 

Satellite Beach. Florida 32937 

305-777-1728 



Circle 56 on Reader Service card. 



INTELL1BURNER 

EPROM-EEPROM-MICROCONTROLLER 
PROGRAMMER 




Communicates through the senal port of any personal 
computer. Use your PCs modem software to read, 
verify, or program all popular EPROMs. EEPROMs 
and 87xx series microcontrollers Custom software 
included for most popular PCs (source included) 

Other serial programmers available from S149. 
FJare PC boards with software from $39. 

BOSS fHISTOm FL£CTnOMC3 

1307 Dmrlmnm Wmy-Sultm A 12 

B ovMm f City, WavMto 8900S 

702-203-7426 

Add *.-i Shipping and Mi,vil,i,< ( ("()[) » ()K 



Circle 41 on Reader Service card. 



PROFILE I /III/ III + / IV + USERS 

PROAID MI + /IV + 

* Relational capabilities with up to two lookup files 
' Full page reports (60x132) 

' Print multiple screens per page 
' And more 

PROAID I / III 

* Dramatic time savings for large files 

" Display, edit, delete records in seconds 
' Add records in order without sorting 
" Remove deleted records without sorting 

Programs use existing files 
Price includes documentation and 30 day money 
back guarantee: 

PROAID I / III $50 

PROAID 111+ $95 

PROAID IV + under development 

Write for more information or send check or money 
order to; 

Clay Watts Software 

68C North Loop 
Cedar Hill, TX 75104 

PROFILE is a trademark ol Tandy Corp 



Listing 2 continued 










71A4 


6671 


02000 




DEFW TABLE+2 9 




71A6 


FE7 2 


02010 




DEFW CH5+1 




71A8 


0D73 


02020 




DEFW CH6+1 




71AA 


1C73 


02030 




DEFW CH7+1 




71 AC 


2B7 3 


02040 




DEFW CH8+1 




0040 




020S0 


IDCB 


DEFS 64 




0040 




02060 


ODCB 


DEFS 64 




722E 


fJA 


02070 


IMSG 


DEFB 0AH 




722F 


4E 


02080 




DEFM 'NAME OF 


FILE TO BE DECOMPRESSED - ' 


7230 


41 










7231 


4D 










7232 


45 










7233 


20 










7234 


4F 










7235 


46 










7236 


20 










7237 


46 










723 8 


49 










7239 


4C 










723A 


45 










723B 


20 










7 23C 


54 










723D 


4F 










723E 


20 










7 23F 


42 










7240 


45 










7241 


20 










7242 


44 










7243 


45 










7244 


43 










7245 


4F 










7246 


4D 










7247 


50 










7248 


52 










7249 


45 










724A 


53 










724B 


53 










724C 


45 










724D 


44 










724E 


20 










724F 


3D 










7250 


20 










7251 


03 


02090 




DEFB 03 




7252 


0A0A 


02100 


OMSG 


DEFW 0A0AH 




7254 


4E 


02110 




DEFM 'NAME OF 


NEW FILE ■ ' 


7255 


41 










7256 


4D 










7257 


45 










7258 


20 










7259 


4F 










725A 


46 










725B 


20 










725C 


4E 










725D 


45 










725E 


57 










725F 


20 










7260 


46 










7261 


49 










7262 


4C 










7263 


45 










7264 


20 










7265 


3D 










7266 


20 










7267 


03 


02120 




DEFB 03 




7268 


F6C0 


02130 


DSKERR 


OR 0C0H 




726A 


CD0944 


02140 




CALL 4409H 




726D 


C32D40 


02150 
02160 




JP 40 2DH 




7270 


11AE71 


02170 


CLOSE 


LD DE,IDCB 


; CLOSE BOTH FILES 


7273 


CD2844 


02180 




CALL 4428H 




7276 


C26872 


02190 




JP NZ, DSKERR 




7279 


216574 


02200 




LD HL, BUFFER 




727C 


11EE71 


02210 




LD DE.ODCB 




727F 


CD3944 


02220 




CALL 443 9H 


,-WRITE REMAINING BYTES TO OUTPUT 


7282 


C26872 


02230 




JP NZ, DSKERR 




7285 


11EE71 


02240 




LD DE,ODCB 




7288 


CD2844 


02250 




CALL 4 428H 




728B 


C26872 


02260 




JP NZ, DSKERR 




728E 


3E0D 


02270 




LD A.0DH 




7290 


CD3300 


02280 




CALL 33H 




7293 


C32D40 


02290 




JP 402DH 


;JUMP TO DOS 






02300 


; SUBROUTINE GETS 1 BIT FROM INPUT FILE. RETURNS WITH 






02310 


;Z FLAG 


SET FOR ZERO, 


RESET FOR ONE. CARRY FLAG IS 






02320 


;SET IF 


EOF WAS READ. 




7296 


3A6A71 


02330 


GETBIT 


LD A,(RBFLAG) 


;TIME TO READ ANOTHER BYTE 


7299 


FE01 


02340 




CP 1 


;FROM INPUT? 


729B 


C2BA7 2 


02350 




JP NZ, GETLMB 


;JUMP IF NOT 


729E 


216871 


02360 




LD HL,IBYTE 


;READ 1 BYTE FROM INPUT FILE 


7 2A1 


11AE71 


02370 




LD DE,IDCB 


;TO I BYTE 


72A4 


CD3644 


02380 




CALL 4436H 




7 2A7 


CAB172 


0239C 




JP Z, INITL 


,-JUMP IF NO ERROR 


72AA 


FElC 


02400 




CP 26 


;EOF READ? 


7 2AC 


C26872 


02410 




JP NZ, DSKERR 




72AF 


37 


02420 




SCF 


;SET CARRY IF EOF 


72B0 


C5 


02430 




RET 


;EXIT THIS ROUTINE 


72B1 


3E07 


02440 


INITL 


LD A, 7 




72B3 


326971 


D2450 




LD (LMB) ,A 




72B6 


AF 


02460 




XOR A 




72B7 


326A71 


02470 




LD (RBFLAG) ,A 




7 2BA 


3E46 


02480 


GETLMB 


LD A,46H 




7 2BC 


32D172 


02490 




LD (INS+1) ,A 


INITIALIZE , BITb,(HL>" INSTR. 


7 2BF 


3A6971 


02500 




LD A, (LMB) 




72C2 


CB27 


02510 




SLA A 




7 2C4 


CB27 


02520 




SLA A 


Usttng 2 t-oruhiurd 



70 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Listing 2 continued 



72C6 
72C8 
72CB 
7 2CC 
72CD 
72D0 
7 2D2 
72D3 
7 2D6 
7 2D7 
7 2DA 
7 2DD 
7 2DF 
72E2 
72E4 
72E7 
72E8 
72E9 
7 2EA 



CB27 

21D172 

B6 

77 

216871 

CB46 

F5 

3A6 971 

3D 

3269/1 

F2E772 

3E07 

326971 

3E01 

326A71 

Fl 

37 

3P 

C9 



72EB AF 
72EC 326771 
72EF CD9672 
72F2 DA4F73 
72F5 3EO0 
72F7 326B71 
72FA CA0373 
72FD 3E20 
72FF 326771 

7302 C9 

7303 CD9672 
7306 DA4F73 
7309 CA1273 
730C 3E65 
730E 326771 

7311 C9 

7312 CD9672 
7315 DA4F73 
7318 CA2173 
731B 3E74 
731D 326771 

7320 C9 

7321 CD9672 
7324 DA4F73 
7327 CA3073 
732A 3E61 
732C 326771 
732F C9 
7330 0604 

7332 C5 

7333 CD9672 
7336 DA4B73 

7339 F5 
733A El 
733B 7D 
733C 07 
733D 07 
733E 6F 
733F E5 

7340 Fl 

7341 3F 

7342 216771 
7345 CB16 

7347 CI 

7348 10E8 
734A C9 
734B CI 
734C C34F73 
734F 3E01 
7351 326B71 
7354 C9 
0100 

0010 
0100 
7000 
00000 Total 



02530 
02540 
C2550 
02560 
O2570 
02580 
325 90 
02600 
02610 
02620 
02630 
02640 
02650 
02660 
02670 
02680 
02690 
02700 
02710 
02720 
02730 
(.'2740 
02750 
.127 6 
02770 
02780 
27 90 
2 800 
2 810 
02820 
02830 
02840 
02850 
02860 
02870 
02880 
02890 
02900 
02910 
02920 
■02930 
,12940 
02950 
02960 
02970 
02980 
02990 
03000 
03010 
03020 
('3030 
03040 
03050 
03060 
03070 
03080 
03090 
03100 
03110 
03120 
03130 
3140 
03150 
03160 
03170 
03180 
03190 
03200 
03210 
03220 
03230 
03240 
03250 
03260 
03270 
03280 
03290 
Errors 



SLA A 

LD HL.INS+1 

OR (HL) 

LD (HL) ,A 

LD HL,IBYTE 

BIT 0,(HL) 

PUSH AF 

LD A,(LMB) 

DEC A 

LD (LMB) ,A 

JP P,GETST 

LD A, 7 

LD (LMB) ,A 

LD A,l 

LD (RBFLAG) 

POP AF 

SCF 

CCF 

RET 



.•MODIFY OPCODE AT INS+1 

; INSERT BIT # TO BE TESTED 

[TEST STATE OF BIT IN IBYTE 
(SAVE BIT'S STATE IN Z 
;DECR. BIT » 



;JUMP IF LMB IS NOT -1 
;ELSE SET LMB TO 7 



,A 



; RESTORE BIT STATE 



(RESET CARRY 

(EXIT THIS ROUTINE 



;GET 1 ENCODED CHARACTER FROM INPUT FILE. CHAR IS 
; RETURNED IN OCHAR. EOFLG EQUALS 1 IF END OF FILE 
;OF INPUT FILE IS READ. 
GETCHR XOR A 

LD (OCHAR) ,A 

CALL GETBIT 

JP CGCHRA 

LD A,0 

LD (EOFLG) ,A 

JP Z,GC1 
CH5 LD A, ' ' 

LD (OCHAR) ,A 

RET 
GC1 CALL GETBIT 

JP C, GCHRA 

JP Z,GC2 
CH6 LD A, 'e' 

LD (OCHAR) ,A 

RET 
GC2 CALL GETBIT 

JP CGCHRA 

JP Z.GC3 
CH7 LD A, ' t" 

LD (OCHAR) ,A 

RET 
GC3 CALL GETBIT 

JP CGCHRA 

JP Z,GC4 
CH 8 LD A , ' a ' 

LD (OCHAR) ,A 

RET 
GC4 LD B,4 

GCLP PUSH BC 

CALL GETBIT 

JP CGCLPX 

PUSH AF 

POP HL 

LD A,L 

RLCA 

RLCA 

LD L,A 

PUSH HL 

POP AF 

CCF 

LD HL, OCHAR 

RL (HL) 

POP BC 

DJNZ GCLP 

RET 
GCLPX POP BC 

JP GCHRA 
GCHRA LD A,l 

LD (EOFLG) ,A 

RET 
IBUFFR DEFS 256 

DEFS 16 
BUFFER DEFS 256 

END START 



;EXIT THIS ROUTINE 



Circle 203 on Reader Service card 



End 



Tidbit #23 



Even when you modify Model I 
Scripeit to run on a Model IE, the two 
versions' text files aren't completely 
compatible. Because of differences in 
the way each version stores a disk file's 
sector count in its directory entry, modi- 
fied Model I Scripsit drops 256 bytes 
when it reads a Model in Scripsit file. 

To restore these bytes, use a disk-zap 
program like Super Utility to read the 
directory. Find the text file's directory 
entry and increase relative byte 14's 
value by 1 . This makes modified Model 



I Scripsit think the file has one more 
sector. Then load Model I Scripsit load 
the text file, and resave it. Now both 
Scripsit versions can read the file. 
Model in Scripsit will give the error 
message. "Attempt to read outside of 
file limits." but you can ignore it 

If you don't have a disk zapper. add 
256 spaces, or a little more than four 
lines, to your Model ffl Scripsit files. 

Thomas Qulndry 
Burke, VA 



IEEE-488 TO TRS-80* INTERFACE 

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BASIC GPIB-488 controller capability to 
TRS-80 Model 1, 3 or 4, Level 2 or DOS 
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WHEN ORDERING SPECIF V DISK OR TAPE 

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* trademark oi Tandy Corp 
There is no alliiialion between Scientific 
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yryov LlAy ^*' 

80 Micro does not keep subscription 
records on the premises, therefore 
calling us only adds time and doesn't 
solve the problem. 

Please send a description of the prob- 
lem and your most recent address la- 
bel to: 

80Micro 

Subscription Dept. 

P0 Box 981 

Farmingdale, NY 11737 

Thank you and enjoy your subscription 



Circle 506 on Reader Service c«rd. 




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BUSINESS 



by Jack Wallace 



Don't Be Late 



Use critical path scheduling 
to bring your projects in on time. 



Time, as the man says, is money. To 
keep a project within budget you 
have to bring it in on time. Critical path 
scheduling (CPS) is a graphing technique 
that tells a project manager how best to 
apply his resources to stay on schedule. 

My CPS program analyzes a project's 
sub tasks to And those on which the over- 
all schedule depends (see the Program 
Listing). Using your inputs, the program 
calculates the time a project will take and 
produces bar charts that give you a time- 
line for these critical tasks (see Fig. 1). 

The Path to Success 

You most often find critical path sched- 
uling applications in the shipbuilding, aer- 
ospace, and construction industries, but 
you can apply the technique to any project 
that involves completing a series of spe- 
cific tasks according to a schedule. 

As its name indicates. CPS finds a route, 
or path, through a network of tasks from 
a project's beginning to its end. This route 
shows the minimum time it takes to com- 
plete the project. Tasks along this path 
must start on schedule. 

As an illustration of critical path sched- 
uling, see the sample program output in 
Fig. 1. This typical CPS bar chart shows a 
60-week construction schedule for an 
apartment building. 

The letter C indicates the project's crit- 
ical path; any schedule slip along this path 
delays the entire project. Each C stands 
for one time unit in the schedule, in this 
case a week. Building Design, for exam- 
ple, takes eight weeks and must begin the 



System Requirements 

Models I, III, 4, 1000 and 1200 

32KRAM 

Disk Basic 

Printer optional 



74 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



first week of the project if it's to come in 
on time. 

The letter N indicates a noncritical task 
that doesn't have to start at the earliest 
indicated date. The dashes following the 
N's tell you how long a noncritical task 
can slip. 

For example, hiring subcontractors takes 
four weeks (see Fig. 1). Hiring can't begin 
until after four weeks of design. As long as 
you finish hiring subcontractors by the 
20th week, the project's on schedule. So the 



project manager has 12 weeks of slack time 
for this task: he can begin hiring any time 
from the fourth through the 16th week of 
the project. This overview helps a manager 
efficiently use resources by recognizing 
which tasks he must start on time and 
which allow some leeway. 

Dissecting Your Project 

The value of a CPS graph depends on 
the validity of your task assignments. You 



TITLE: APARTMENT TIME: (WEEKS) 

TASK 10 20 30 40 50 60 

DESIGN BUILDING +CCCCCCCC ++++++ 



SUBCONTRACTORS 

EXCAVATE 

POUR FOUNDATION 

LANDSCAPE 

FRAME STRUCTURE 

ENCLOSE BLDG 

PARTITIONS 

INSTALL SYSTEMS 

INSTALL FINISH 



NNNN 

CCCCCC 



Legend: C 



10 

critical path; N 



CCCCCC + + + + + 

NNNNNNNN 

+CCCCCCCCCC + + + 

+ +CCCCCCCC + + + 

+ + NNNNNNNNNN + 

+ + CCCCCCCCCCCC + 

+ + + +CCCCCCCCCC 

20 30 40 50 6e 

= non-critical; - = slack time. 



Figure 1 . CPS/BAS critical path schedule. 







Task 






Task 


Task 


Length 


Precedence 


ID 


Name 


(weeks) 


ID 


Offset 


1000 


Design Building 


8 


0999 





1010 


Subcontractors 


4 


1000 


-4 


1020 


Excavate 


6 


1000 


2 


1030 


Pour Foundation 


6 


1020 





1040 


Landscape 


8 


1020 





1050 


Frame Structure 


10 


1010 
1030 



2 


1060 


Enclose Building 


8 


1050 





1070 


Partitions 


10 


1060 


-4 


1080 


Install Systems 


12 


1060 





1090 


Install Finish 


10 


1070 
1080 






9999 


Stop 

Table. CPS/BAS 



input format. 


1040 
1090 







must break a project down into specific 
tasks, determine their proper order, and 
estimate each task's length. Since most 
projects undergo constant, unpredictable 
changes, it's often worthwhile to try out a 
variety of scenarios that bring a project in 
on time and within budget. 

To use my program, you must format 
these task assignments as shown in the 
Table. These sample inputs correspond to 



the output in Fig. 1. 

You should assign each task a four-digit 
identification (ID) number, a name of up 
to 15 characters, and a time length. In the 
Table, the time period is in weeks, but you 
can use days, months, or any other unit 
you choose. 

Then you must determine precedences, 
that is. which tasks must precede others. 
For each task, enter the ID number of any 



task that must precede the current task. For 
example, the Table lists two precedences for 
Frame Structure: ID 1010 (Subcontractors) 
and ID 1030 (Pour Foundation). 

The offset represents a time relationship 
between a task and a precedence. As a 
precedence to framing the structure, hir- 
ing subcontractors has an offset of zero 
weeks, meaning that framing can begin as 
soon as you've hired the subcontractor. 



CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING 
«<««««««««««««««0>»»»»»»»»»»»»»»» 
« Entr* ♦ 

H (L)ttt«r - Hit 'L', ENTER kty not r«*uir«d » 

« Hit CLEM) kty to irscv* » 

« <EHTER> - ENTER kty r»*iir*d for tntr* » 

«««««««««««««<««o»»»»»»»»»»»»»»>» 

DATA OPTIONS 
(K)ttfxurd data wtry 
<l)o*d data 
(S)avt data 
(E)dit/PtwnK data 
(Oritical path computation 



Photo I . CPS/BAS main menu. 



< It I PARAMETERS MM > 

<«««««««««««««««0»»»»»»»»»»»)»»»» 

TINE OF COMPLETION: 66 tiw unitf < STARTS — > 

TASK LEN6TH EARLY LATE 



DESIGN BUILDING 

SUBCONTRACTORS 

EXCAVATE 

POUR FOUKDATUON 

LANDSCAPE 
FRAME STRUCTURE 
ENCLOSE BLD6 
PARTITIONS 
INSTALL SYSTEMS 
INSTALL FINISH 



Hit tpact bar to continut 



Photo 2. CPS/BAS parameter table. 



10 CLEAR:DEFINT A-Z 

220 PRINT "«";TAB(36) "Entry format: " ;TAB(79) ">>"; :PRINT 

"«";TAB(20) "(L)etter - Hit 'L' , ENTER key not required"; 

TAB(79) ">>"; :PRINT "<<" ;TAB(31) "Hit CLEAR key to escape"; 

TAB(79) ">>"; 

230 PRINT "<<";TAB(21) "<ENTER> - ENTER key required for 

entry"; TAB(79)">>"; 

260 PRINT STRINGS ( 40 ,"<") ; STRINGS (40 ,">"); .'RETURN 

570 IF PS»"0" THEN 590 

1020 PRINT TAB(65)0$:P»P+8:M-M+1:IF M=16 THEN GOSUB 1090: 

M>0 

2750 PRINT TAB(17) "(Terminate precedence input by 0,0 

<ENTER>)": PRINT: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT: RETURN 

Add TAB (10) to all PRINT and PRINT TAB locations. For 
example, line 980 should be: 

980 PRINT TAB(10) T$; TAB(17) LEFT$(T$( I) ,4) ; TAB(14) 
RIGHTS (T$( I) ,LC-4) ; TAB(44) L$(I);:IF 1=1 THEN M-M+l: 
PRINT: GOTO 1040 

Figure 2. Modifications to CPS/BAS for the Models 4 and lOOO. 



Change the PRINT @ locations by the following table. 
In some lines, the variable P is assigned the location. 
On the Model 1000, insert the LOCATE r,c: command before 
the PRINT and delete the ^location,, when the P is assigned 
the location variable, assign P the row location, and Q the 
column location. For example: P»23:Q-12: LOCATE P,Q:PRINT 



Model III 


Model 4 


Model 


1000 






Row, 


Column 


520 


817 


12 


15 


533 


830 


12 


28 


535 


832 


12 


30 


536 


833 


12 


31 


537 


834 


12 


32 


654 


888 


10 


18 


960 


1684 


23 


15 


961 


1685 


23 


16 


966 


1690 


23 


21 


968 


1692 


23 


23 


970 


1694 


23 


25 


972 


16 96 


23 


22 


980 


1704 


23 


26 


982 


1706 


23 


28 



Figure 3. Additional modifications for the Models 4 and 1000. 



Pouring the foundation has an offset to 
framing the building of two weeks, be- 
cause the concrete must set for two weeks 
before framing starts. 

If a task can begin while a precedence is 
in progress, the offset has a negative 
value. This is illustrated under Partitions 
(ID 1070): the precedence task. Enclose 
Building (ID 1060). has an offset of -4, 
indicating that you can begin partitioning 
the building four weeks before it's com- 
pletely enclosed. 

You can define tasks and assign ID 
numbers, lengths, and precedences as 
you please, with a few minor restrictions. 
Your first task must use 0999. a dummy 
number, as a precedence. Your last task 
must be 9999 Stop, as in the Table. 

You must assign all tasks as a prece- 
dence somewhere in the schedule; if you 
haven't assigned a task as a precedence 
by the end of your list, include it as a prec- 
edent under 9999 Stop. In the Table. Land- 
scaping and Installing Finish don't precede 
any tasks, so they're assigned as prece- 
dences under Stop. 

Entering Your Data 

The program fits in a 32K RAM disk- 
based system, which gives you a maximum 
of 40 tasks. If you have a 48K system, you 
can add capacity for more tasks by modify- 
ing the Dimension statement in line 120 for 
up to 100 tasks. Figures 2 and 3 list modifi- 
cations for the Models 4 and 1000. 

When you load and run the program, it 
displays the menu shown in Photo 1. To 
invoke its options (or any submenu op- 
tions) press the letter key in parentheses; 
you don't have to press the enter key. 

Use the keyboard Data Entry option to 
type in project information in the format de- 

80 Micro, June 1965 • 75 



scribed above. The program prompts you 
for each task's ID number and name, length, 
precedences, and offset. 

After you enter task 9999 Stop, the pro- 
gram automatically returns you to the main 
menu. Use the Save option to save your data 
to disk. 

The Edit/Review feature displays your 
Inputs and gives you the options of edit- 
ing, deleting, or inserting tasks. However, 
if you delete or insert a task, the program 
doesn't delete or insert it as a precedence; 
you have to do this separately using the 
edit option. 

Once you're satisfied with your inputs, 
you can select the Critical Path Computa- 
tion option. After a brief calculation pe- 
riod, the program displays a menu with 
these options: (P)arameter table. 
(Schedule, (R)etum to data I/O options, 
(E)nd program. 

The Parameter Table option gives you a 
printout or screen display of the early and 
late start times and slack time for each task 
(see Photo 2). If you compare Photo 2 with 
Fig. 1 . you'll see that tasks on the critical 
path have a slack time of zero and their 
early and late start times are the same. 

Hiring subcontractors, a noncritical 
task, can start as early as week 4 or as late 
as week 16; its slack time is 12 weeks. 

The Schedule option gives you a screen 
display or printout of a bar chart like that 
in Fig. 1. It's subroutine prompts you for 
a project title and Its time base (weeks, 
days, or whatever). 

The Return to Data I/O option takes you 
back to the main menu so you can modify 
inputs after evaluating your results. ■ 

Jack Wallace has been working with 
computers since the 1950s. He's cur- 
rently a staff engineer In the aerospace 
Industry. You can write to him at 3000 
W. Speedway Blvd., Tucson. AZ 85745. 



Circle 279 on Reader Service card. 



PUNTER OWNERS 

Letters are received here on a regular basis 
from customers saying how much they really 
enjoy receiving our lists. 

It's probably safe to say that the price lists 
issued here are different from most of the 
others. Maybe it's the chatty folksy style of 
writing? Perhaps it's the low, almost unbe- 
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it could be dealing with a dealer that under- 
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cares about what you think? 

Send your name and address today for a 
rather fat envelope of printer and computer 
related offers. 

ZYGOTRON 

P.O Box 27 
Fremont. Michigan 49412 



Program Listing. CPS/BAS critical path scheduling program. 

10 CLEAR 2000:DEFINT A-2 

20 AN$-""jPI$-"":PH$=":K$-"'«P$-"":D$'="*:N$-"":E$-"":Kl$-"": 
IS-*":O$-"iC$-"":T$-"'iF$-"iLC-0jLL-0:L-0:I-0:P-0iS-0: 
E«0:J-0:M»0:N«0:K«0:C-0:Cl-0: C2»0:C3=0:C4»0:C5-0 :X-0 : Y-0 : 
0-0 
30 DIN E(40) ,TS(40),LS|40),PS{40),P(40,40),S(40,2) 
40 GOSUB 200 ' Display heading 
50 PRINT: PRINT TAB (2 8) "DATA OPTIONS:' 
60 PRINT TAB (24) *(K)ey board data entry* 
70 PRINT TAB (24) "(L)oad data" 
80 PRINT TAB (24) "(S)ave data" 
90 PRINT TAB! 24) " ( E) di t/ieview data' 
100 PRINT TAB (24) "(Ocitlcal path computation" 
110 GOSUB 290 :IP K$«"K" THEN 480 ELSE IF KS-"L" THEN 770 ELSE 

IF KS»"E" THEN 940 ELSE IF K$-"C" THEN 340 ELSE IF K$-*5" 

THEN 1610 ELSE 40 
120 ' OUTPUT OPTIONS 

130 KS=":GOSUB 200 ' display heading 
140 PRINT: PRINT TAB < 25) "DISPLAY OPTIONS' 
150 PRINT TAB (24) "(P)arameter table" 
160 PRINT TAB (24) '(S)chedule* 

170 PRINT TAB (24) "(R)eturn to data I/O options" 
180 PRINT TAB (24) "(E)nd prog ran" 
190 GOSUB 290: IF K$-"P" THEN 2430 ELSE IF K$-"S" THEN 1700 ELSE 

IF K$-"T* THEN 1610 ELSE IF K$-"R" THEN 40 ELSE IF K$-"E" 

THEN CLStEND ELSE 140 
200 ' CPS HEADING 

210 CLS:PRINT TAB (20) "CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING" : GOSUB 250 
220 PRINT "<<"»TAB(26) "Entry format: " ;TAB(62) ">>' j : PRINT "<<"> 

TAB(10)"(L)etter - Hit 'L', ENTER key not required" j 

TAB ( 62) ">>";: PRINT "<<";TAB( 21) "Hit CLEAR key to escape"; 

TAB(62)">>"; 
230 PRINT '<<";TAB(11) 

"<ENTER> - ENTER key required for entry' ; TAB ( 62) '>>'; 
240 GOSUB 250 : RETURN 
250 ' HASH NARK 

260 PRINT STRINGS (32, "<") ; STRINGS ( 32, ">") uRETURN 
270 ' RESUHE MESSAGE 

280 PRINT 9980, "Hit space bar to continue"; : GOSUB 290 iRETURN 
290 ' SINGLE KEY ENTRY 

300 K$-INKEY$:IF K$>" THEN 300 ELSE IF ASC(K$)-31 THEN 130 
310 RETURN 

320 'WORKING MESSAGE 

330 CLS:PRINT 0537, '*•* WORKING ***";:RETURN 
340 ' COMPUTE STARTS & TOTAL TINE 
3S0 GOSUB 1410 ' Compute early starts 
360 C-S(N,1)+VAL(L$(N)) 
370 GOSUB 1520 ' Compute late starts 
380 GOTO 120 

390 ' ERASE BOTTON LINE ON SCREEN 
400 PRINT 0960, STRINGS (63," ");:RETURN 
410 ' KEYBOARD DIGIT COUNTER 
420 DS-"" 
430 GOSUB 290 :IF ASC(R$)-8 THEN KS-"" :L-LEN(D$) : IP L-0 OR L-l 

THEN DS-"":GOTO 450 ELSE D$-LEFT$(D$,L-1) :GOT0 450 
440 IF ASC(K$)»13 THEN 470 ELSE DS-DS+KS 
450 PRINT 0P+LEN(PH$)+LEN(PI$) ,DS;' "j 
460 FOR K-l TO 150:NEXT:IF LEN(D$)OD THEN 430 
470 GOSUB 390 : RETURN 
480 ' KEYBOARD ENTRY 
490 L$(1)--00":T$(1)-"0999START":P$-"": 

FOR I«2 TO N:F0R J»l TO N: P( I , J) =0 :NEXT J :T$( I) ■"" :PS( I) -"" 
:S(I,])-0iS(I,2)«0:NEXT I 
500 FOR 1-2 TO 100 
510 GOSUB 2730 jPRINT TAB(44)"1 1 15" 

520 PRINT TAB (44)"+ +-t + H +" 

530 PRINT >:INPUT "<ENTER> TaBk lD+namc(4 digits+15 char max)'! 

T$(I) :LC-LEN(TS(I)) 
540 IF LEFT$(T$(I) ,4)-"9999" THEN L$(I) =*00" :G0TO 560 
SS0 GOSUB 2730 :PRINT TAB(15);: 

INPUT VENTER) Length (time) of task">L$(I): 

LL=LEN(LS(D) :IF LL»1 THEN L$(I) -'0'+L$(I) 
S60 GOSUB 2730 :PRINT TAB(l) ;: INPUT 

•<ENTER> Precedence ID (4 digits). Offset ';P$,0 
570 IF PS=" THEN 590 
580 GOSUB 710 :IP E=0 THEN P( I , J) «5000+O:P$»" :GOTO 560 ELSE 

P(I,J)-0:PS-*':GOTO 560 
S90 IF LEFT$(TS(I) ,4)-"9999* AND L$(I)='00' THEN 610 
600 NEXT I 

610 N=I:N$-STR$(N) : GOSUB 620 :G0T0 40 
620 ' GENERATE PRECEDENCE STRING P$(I) WITH OFFSETS 
630 FOR I»2 TO N:P$(I) »"" :C-0 
640 FOR J-l TO 1-1 

650 IF P(I,J)-0 THEN 670 ELSE 0$«RIGHT$(STR$(P( I , J) ) ,4) 
660 P$(I)-P$(I)+LEFT$(T$(J) ,4) +0$:C-C+1 
670 NEXT J 

680 C$«STRS(C) :L-LEN(C$)-ltC$-RIGHTS(C$,L) :IP L-l THEN CS«*0"+CS 
690 P$(I)-C$+P$(I) 
700 NEXT I sRETURN 
710 ■ VERIFY PRECEDENCE (S) 
720 FOR J-l TO 1-1 

730 E-0:IF PS-LEPTS(T$(J) ,4) THEN 760 
740 NEXT 
750 E-l: PRINT: PRINT PS;'DOES NOT PRECEDE *»T$(J): 

PRINT *<ENTER> to continue. ";: INPUT Y 
760 RETURN 

770 ' LOAD FROM DISK 

780 CLS:GOSUB 200 :PRINT aS30,"»»* Load data from disk? *♦**; 
790 GOSUB 900 :0N ERROR GOTO 920 :CLS: PRINT G537,"*** READING "••"; 
800 OPEN "I',1,FS: INPUT 41 ,N$:N-VAL(N$) 
810 FOR L-l TO N 
820 INPUT »1,T$(L) 

Usttng continued 



76 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Circle 449 on Reader Service card. 



Listing continued 

83B INPUT tl,P$(L) 

649 INPUT «1,L$(L) 

850 NEXT: CLOSE: GOSUB 320 : GOSUB 860 sGOTO 40 

860 ' ESTABLISH PECEDENCES & OFPSETS 

870 FOB 1-2 TO N:P=3sFOR J-l TO N:P(I ,0) -0:NEXT J 

880 FOR L-l TO VAL(LEFT$(P$(I> ,2>) :P$-t4ID$(P$(I) ,P,4) iGOSUB 710 

:P(I,J)-VAL(MID$(P$(I} ,P+4,4)} :P-P+8:NEXT L 
890 NEXT It ON ERROR GOTO 2630 s RETURN 
900 ' DISK FILE NAME 
910 PHS»»"sPI$-*<ENTER> File name (8 chats. nax.Ji "iP-654r 

PRINT t?P,PI$; :D=15sGOSUB 410 :F$-D$: RETURN 
920 ' FILE MESSAGE 

930 PRINT 0535,'** FILE NOT FOUND **'j:GOTO 79f 
940 ' REVIEW-MODIFY DATA 
950 GOSUB 2630 :M»0:FOR I«S TO N 
960 P=3:LC-LEN(T$(I)) :TS-STR$(I) :LL-LEN(T$) : 

IF LL-2 THEN TS=" 00*+RIGBT$(T$,l) ELSE IF LL»3 THEN 

T5=» 0"+RIGHTS(T$,2) ELSE T$»' *+RIGHT$f.T$,3) 
970 IP LO0 THEN 1040 
980 PRINT T$;TAB(7)LEFT$(T$(I),4)>TAB(14)RIGHT$<T$(I),L04); 

TAB(34)L$(I);:IF 1-1 THEN M=M+1 : PRINT: GOTO 1040 
990 PRINT TAB( 42) LEFTS (P$(I) ,2) j" " » 
1000 P=3:FOR J«l TO VAL(LEFTS(P$(I) ,2) ) 
1010 PRINT TAB(47)HID$(P$(I) ,P r 4) ». 

0$=STR$(VAL(MID$(P$(I) ,P+4,4) ) -5000) : 

IF LEN(0$)"=2 THEN 0$»LEFT$(0$,1) ♦•0'+RIGHT$(O$,l) 
1020 PRINT TAB(55)0$:P»P+8:N-H+1:IF H-12 THEN GOSUB 1050 :M-0 
1030 NEXT J: IF I-N THEN GOSUB 1050 
1040 NEXT I: GOTO 40 
1050 'EDIT OR CONTINUE 

1060 PRINT i?982,"(E)dit or (C)ontinue?* ; 
1070 GOSUB 290 : IF K$»"E" THEN 1100 ELSE IF K$<>"C" THEN 1070 

ELSE CLS: S-I 
1080 IF ION THEN GOSUB 2630 
10 90 RETURN 
1100 ' EDIT OPTIONS 
1110 GOSUB 390 :PRINT (3960, 

"(I)nsert after task, (D)elete task or (E)dit task'; 
1120 GOSUB 290 :K1$-KS:IP K1$<>"I" AND K1$<>"0" AND K1$<>"B" THEN 1110 
1130 PHS-"task no. 'N' (3 digits): *:IF K$-"I" THEN 

PI$»"Insert after * ELSE IF K$«"D* THEN PIS-'Delete " 

ELSE PI$-"Edit " 
1140 GOSUB 390 :P=970:D»3: PRINT gP,PI$;PH$i : GOSUB 410 

:AN-VAL(DS): ANS=D$ 
1150 IF K1$-"D' THEN 1260 ELSE IF K1$-"I" THEN 1180 
1160 GOSUB 3 90 : PRINT 8961, "Edit task *;ANS; 

" (N)ame, (L)ength, or (P)recedence(a) +offset(s) ?■; 
1170 GOSUB 290 :IP K$=*L" THEN 1310 ELSE IF K$="P" THEN 1350 

ELSE IF K$»"N" THEN 1280 ELSE 1160 
1180 ' TASK INSERTION 
1190 N=N+lsFOR L=N TO AN>2 STEP -1 !T$(L) -T$<L-1) !L$(L) -L$(L-1) ! 

P$(L)-P$(L-1) jFOR K»N TO 1 STEP -1:P(L,K) »P(L-1 ,K) tNEXT K,L 
1200 I=AN+1jTS(I)=""jL$(I)-":PS(I)-" ,, jFOR K=l TO N: 

P(I,K)-0:NEXT K:S(I,l)«0»S(I,2)-0 
1210 PH$-"<ENTER> Task ID+name(4 dgt ID+15 char aax)*: 

PIS-" ":P»960:D-19: PRINT 0P,PH$; : GOSUB 410 »T$(I)-D$ 
1220 PHS»"Input task length (2 digits) *:P«972:D=2: 

PRINT ?P,PHS; :GOSUB 410 ;LS(I)=D$ 
1230 PHS="Input precedence QTY (2 digits): ": GOSUB 390 : 

P=970:D»2: PRINT QP , PH $ ; : GOSUB 410 :P$<I) =DS:D0-VAL(D$) 
1240 PHS="<ENTER> precedence ID, offset: *:P=961:D-8: 

PRINT 8P,PHS; : GOSUB 410 :D0-D0-1 : L=LEN (DS) : 

P$(I)-PS(I) +LEFTS(DS,4) :0-V7U,( RIGHTS (D$,L-$) ) +5000: 

PS(I)»P$(I)+RIGHT$(STR$(0) ,4) :IF D0>0 THEN 1240 
1250 GOSUB 320 :G0SUB 860 :CLS:GOTO 950 
1260 ' TASK DELETION 
1270 FOR L-AN TO N-1:T$(L) -T$(L+1) »L$(L) -LS(L+1) t P$(L)-P$(L+1) « 

NEXT L:FOR L-l TO AN-1:P(AN,L) -0:NEXT L:T$(N) - , ":P$(N) -"i 

LS(N)-"':S(AN,l)=0:S(AN,2)=0:N-N-llCLS:GOTO 950 
1260 ' TASK NAME EDIT 
1290 GOSUB 390 : PRINT 0960, 

"Task: *;ANS;". <ENTER> new naae (15 char, ataa.)";: 

INPUT PIS:TS(AN)-LEFT$(T$(AN) ,4) +PIS 
1300 CLS:GOTO 950 
1310 ' TASK LENGTH EDIT 
1320 PH$="Length of task ": 

PI$»*. Input new length (2 digits):" 
1330 GOSUB 390 : PRINT «961,PH$;AN$; * - a |L$(AN) ;PISj «P-96BtD-2: 

GOSUB 410 :LS(AN)»DS 
1340 CLS.-GOTO 9S0 
1350 ' TASK PRECEDENCE EDIT 
1360 I*=AN:FOR J*l TO I:P(I ,J) -0:NEXT:PH$-*For task ■» 

Pl$-'Input precedence QTY (2 digits)" 
1370 GOSUB 390 :PRINT §961,PH$;AN$; " ") PI S; sP= 966 »D-2: GOSUB 410 

:P$(I)-D$:D0-VAL(D$) 
1380 PI$«=" <ENTER> precedence ID, offset: ': GOSUB 390: 

P-961: PRINT 6P,PH$;AN$f PIS; :D-10:GOSUB 410 
1390 D0-D0-1:L-LEN(D$) »P$(I) -PS(I) +LBFT$(DS,4) : 

0= VAL ( RIGHTS (D$,L- 5) ) +5000: 

PS(I)-PSU)+RIGHT$(STRS(0) ,4) :IF D0>0 THEN 1380 
1400 P=3:FOR L-l TO VAL(LEPTS(PS(I) ,2) ) :PS-MIDS(PS(I) ,P,4) : 

GOSUB 710:P(I,J)=VAL(MID$(P$(I) ,P+4,4)) :P»P+8:NEXT L: 

CLS:GOTO 950 
1410 ■ COMPUTE EARLY START 
1420 GOSUB 320 
1430 FOR 1-1 TO N 
1440 E-0 

1450 FOR J-l TO N 

1460 IF P(I,J)-0 OR E=>E(J) THEN 1480 
1470 E=E(J)+(P(I,J)-S000) 
1480 NEXT J 
1490 S(I,1)-E 
1500 E(I)*E+VAL(L$(I)) 
1510 NEXT I: RETURN 

Listing continued 



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IBM, APPLE, TRS-80, 
C-64 AND OTHERS 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 77 







Get help with your subscrip- 
tion by calling our new toll free 
number: 

between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. 
EST, Monday-Friday. 
If possible, please have your 
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If moving, please give both 
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New Yort Stale residents cal 1-800-732-9119 




You have a large technical au- 
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PHONE-(212) 686-1520 TELEX-620430 



Listing continued 

1528 ' COMPUTE LATE START 

1538 FOR J-N TO 1 STEP -1 

15 40 L-C 

155B FOR 1-1 TO N 

1560 IF P(I,J)-B OR L<-S(I,2)+(P(I,J)-58BB) THEN 1580 

1570 L-S(I,2)-(P(I,J)-58BB) 

15 80 NEXT I 

1590 S(J,2) = I.-VAL(L$(J)) 

1600 NEXT J: RETURN 

1610 ' WRITE TO DISK 

1620 CLS:GOSUB 200 :PRINT §538,"*" Save data on disk? **•*»: 

GOSUB 90 

1630 CLS:PRINT £537,"*** WRITING »**"; 

1640 OPEN "0*,1,FS:N$=STR$(N) :PRINT II, NS 

1650 FOR L-l TO N 

1660 PRINT #1,T$(L) 

1670 PRINT ll,P$(L) 

168B PRINT ll,LS(L) 

16 90 NEXT: CLOSE: GOTO 40 
1700 ■ SCHEDULE PRINT 

1710 CLS:PRINT P533 , " (S) creen or (P) rinter?"; :GOSUB 290 

1720 IF KS-'P* THEN 1980 ELSE IF K$<>"S" THEN 1710 

173B ' Screen print 

1740 GOSUB 2350 

1750 PRINT TAB(6) "TASK"; : FOR K-B TO C1:PRINT TAB ( 15+K*1B) K*18*C4; 

: NEXT: PRINT: PRINT * +" ; 

1760 FOR K-0 TO C1-1:PRINT TAB( 17 +K»1B) " ♦";: NEXT: PRINT 

1770 FOR 1=2 TO N-l 

1780 LC=LEN(TS(I|) 

1790 PRINT RIGHT$(T$(I) ,LC-4) ;TAB(16) "+"; 

1800 K=S(I,1) :GOSUB 2310 

1810 IF S(I,1)-S(I,2) <>0 THEN 182B ELSE 19BB 

182B IF K>S(I,1)+VAL(L$(I))-1 THEN 186B 

18J0 IF K/C4=INT(K/C4) THEN PRINT TAB ( 17+K/C4) "N" ; 

1840 K-K+l 

1850 GOTO 1820 

1860 IF K>S(I,2)+VAL(L$(I))-1 THEN 1940 

18/0 IF K/C4-INT(K/C4) THEN PRINT TAB( 17+K/C4) "-" ; 

1880 K=K+1 

1890 GOTO 1860 

1900 IF K>S(I,1)+VAL(L$(I))-1 THEN 1940 

1910 IF K/C4=INT(K/C4) THEN PRINT TAB( 17+K/C4) "C" ; 

1920 K-K + l 

1930 GOTO 1900 

1940 GOSUB 2260 :PRINT 

1950 NEXT I: PRINT " +";:FOR K-0 TO Cl-1: 

PRINT TAB(17+K*1B) ■ +" ; :NEXT:PRINT 

1960 PRINT "C = critical path; N - non-critical; - «= slack time" 

197 GOSUB 27B :GOTO 120 

1980 ■ Line printer 

1990 GOSUB 2358 ' heading subroutine 

2000 LPRINT TAB(6) "TASK";:FOR K=0 TO C1:LPRINT TAB( 15+K*10) K*10"C4; 

:NEXT:LPRINT 
2010 LPRINT " + ", 

2020 FOR K-8 TO Cl-1 

2030 LPRINT TAB(17+K*10) " + "; 

2040 NEXT K: LPRINT 

2050 FOR 1=2 TO N-l 

2060 LC=LEN(T$(I)) 

2070 LPRINT RIGHTS(TS(I) ,LC-4) ;TAB(16) "+"; 

2080 K-S(I,1) :GOSUB 2310 : 

IF (S(I,1)-S(I,2))<>0 THEN 2090 ELSE 2170 
2090 IF K>(S(I,1)+VAL(L$(I))-1) THEN 2130 
2100 IF K/C4=INT(K/C4) THEN LPRINT TAB( 17+K/C4) "N" ; 
2110 K=K+1 
2120 GOTO 2090 

2130 IF K>(S(I,2)+VAL(L$(I))-1) THEN 2210 
2140 IF K/C4=INT(K/C4) THEN LPRINT TAB( 17 +K/C4) "-" ; 
2150 K-K+l 
2160 GOTO 2130 

2170 IF K>{S(I,1)+VAL(L$(I))-1) THEN 2210 
2180 IF K/C4=INT(K/C4) THEN LPRINT TAB( 17+K/C4) "C* ; 
2190 K-K+l 
2200 GOTO 2170 
2210 GOSUB 2260 : LPRINT 
2220 NEXT I 
2230 LPRINT " +";:FOR K=0 TO Cl-1: 

LPRINT TAB(17+K*18) " ♦";: NEXT: LPRINT 

2240 FOR K-0 TO C1:LPRINT TAB ( 15+K*1B) K*18*C4; :NEXT: LPRINT 
2250 LPRINT 

"Legend: C = critical path; N « non-critical; - = slack time." 

: LPRINT: LPRINT: GOTO 120 
2260 ' POSTSCHEDCJLE MARKERS 
2270 IF K/C4>(C1*10) THEN 2310 
2280 FOR L-10 TO Cl"10 STEP 10 
2290 IF K/C4<L THEN IF KS-"P" THEN LPRINT TABU+16) "+" ; ELSE 

PRINT TAB(L+16)"+"; 
2300 NEXT L:RETURN 
2310 ' PRESCHEDULE MARKERS 
2320 FOR L=10 TO Cl*10 STEP 10 
2330 IF K/C4>L-1 THEN IF KS="P* THEN LPRINT TAB( L+16) "+" ; ELSE 

PRINT TAB(L+16)"+"; 
2340 NEXT L: RETURN 
2350 'CHART TITLE 

2360 CLS:PRINT §528, "";: INPUT "<ENTER> Chart title:" ; CS 
2370 CLS:PRINT §520,"-;: 

INPUT "<ENTER> Time units : (weeks , hrs. etc.)";TS 
2380 IF (K$="P" AND C>60) OR (K$="S" AND C>40) THEN C3-INT(C/2+. 5) 

ELSE C3=C 
2390 Cl=INT(C3/10+.9) :C4=INT(C/C3+.5) :C5=C4 
2480 POKE 16916, 8:CLS 
2410 IF K$-"S" THEN PRINT "TITLE: " ;CS;TAB( 25) "TIME: (";TS;")" ELSE 

LPRINT "TITLE: " ;C$;TAB( 25) "TIME: (":TS;")" 
2420 RETURN 

lusting continued 



78 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Circle 249 on Reader Service card. 



Listing continued 

2430 ' PRINT PARAMETER TABLE 

2441 CLSiPRINT 8533, ■ (S)creen or (P) rinter?" j sGOSCJB 296 

2450 IF K$-"P' THEN 2530 ELSE IP K$<>"S" THEN 2440 

2460 ' Screen print 

2470 GOSUB 26 60 sFOR 1-2 TO N-l 

2480 LC-LEN(TSd)) 

2490 PRINT TAB(1)RIGHT$(T$(I) ,LC-4) )TAB( 24) LS ( I) t 

TAB(34)S(I r l>jTAB(45)S(I,2);TAB(56)S(I,2)-S(I,l) 
2500 IF ION-1 AND (I-1)/10-INT((I-1)/10) THEN GOSUB 270 :GOSUB 26M 
2510 NEXT I 

2520 GOSUB 270 :GOTO 120 
2530 ' Line Printer 
2540 PH$-"M# PARAMETERS Mt*:LPRINT TAB( 22) PH$:GOSUB 235 

2550 LPRINT TAB(34)"< STARTS >" 

2560 LPRINT TAB(6) "TASK*;TAB{22) "LENGTH" jTAB(34) "EARLY"> 

TAB (45) "LATE" /TAB (56) "SLACK" 
2570 LPRINT ■ — ———««.....■ ,TAB( 21) ■— — — ■ , 

TAB(33) "==»——■; TAB (44) ■—»=-■, TAB(55) "——-" 
2580 FOR 1-2 TO N-l 
2590 LC-LEN(TS(I)) 
2600 LPRINT TAB(1)RIGHT$(T$(I) ,LC-4);TAB(24)L$(I) j 

TAB(34)S(I,1) ;TAB(45)S(I,2) ;TAB(56)S(I,2) -S(I,1) 
2610 NEXT I 
2620 LPRINT: LPRINT TAB(20) "Time of completion:" jSTRS ( C) » 

" time units.": : LPRINT: LPRINT: LPRINT:GOTO 120 
2630 ' EDIT/REVIEW HEADING 
2640 CLSiPRINT " < TASK (N) >" ; 

TAB (43) "PRECENDENCE(S) " 
2650 PRINT " (N)" f TAB(6)"ID NO. ";TAB(20) "NAME"TAB(32) "LENGTH" r 

TAB(41)"QTY ID NO. *;TAB(54) "OPFSET" 
2660 PRINT " «=";TAB(7)"="-";TAB(14) "-————"•; 

TAB (32) "==«— ";TAB(41) "■-- =—«", TAB (54) "-•=■====" 
2670 S-l:FOR Y=0 TO 5 :SET( 1 ,Y) :SET(76 ,Y) : NEXT: RETURN 
2680 ' PARAMETER TABLE HEADING 
2690 CLS:PRINT "<" ;TAB(23) "Ml PARAMETERS ##»";TAB(63) ">" ; : 

GOSUB 250 
2700 PRINT "TIME OF COMPLETION: ";STR$(C) j " time units"? 

TAB(34)"< STARTS >" 

2710 PRINT TAB(6) "TASK"; TAB (22) " LENGTH " J TAB ( 3 4 ) "EARLY" ; 

TAB (45) "LATE" ?TAB(56) "SLACK" 
2720 PRINT *====»——-===—-" ,TAB(21) "-»-"==-" j 

TAB(33)"==«—-"jTAB(44)"====«";TAB( 55) *"—==": 

RETURN 
2730 ' START/STOP MESSAGE 
2740 CLSiPRINT TAB(26)"**" NOTE ***":IF I>2 THEN PRINT TAB(12) 

"Your last task entered must be 9999STOP" ELSE PRINT TAB(4) 

"Your first precedence ID NO. must be 0999 and offset" 
2750 PRINT TAB(7) 

"(Terminate precedence input by pressing <ENTER>)": 

PRINT: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT: RETURN 



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TUTORIAL 



by Hardin Brothers 



MUTUAL 
UNDERSTANDING 

TRS-80-compatible editor/assemblers aren't as different 
as you might think. With some work, they can read each other's files. 



Sometimes it seems that software file 
formats are like fingerprints: No two 
are alike. Try and get Multiplan to read a 
VisiCalc file, for example. When software 
authors design features such as DOS struc- 
tures and file formats, many often think 
their ideas best and disregard what others 
have done. Software compatibility has 
been practically nonexistent. 

I find this problem most evident in the 
source code editor/assemblers produce; 
different editor/assemblers write different 
source programs, some of them incompati- 
ble with one another. To set the record 
straight. I'll detail the differences among 
TRS-80-compatible editor/assemblers and 
provide tables of editor/assembler file for- 
mats and compatibility. 

Incompatibilities 

When you must work with source code 
files produced by many different editor/ 
assemblers, file incompatibility can be a 
constant Irritation. If you're thinking of 
buying an editor/assembler, your first 
question might be. "Will it read the files 
I've already written?" 

Luckily, most editor/assemblers can 
read and write files in several different for- 
mats, so you can move from one to another 
without much difficulty (see Table 1). 
Some demand that you indicate what for- 
mat you want to read, others automati- 
cally detect an input file's format and ad- 
just accordingly. 

When two editor/assemblers are incom- 
patible, you need some way to translate 
files from one format to another. Gener- 
ally, it's easy to write a short Basic pro- 
gram to do so. but you need to know what 
file format each assembler uses in its 
default mode. I've compiled such informa- 
tion in Table 2: Table 3 lists editor/assem- 
bler manufacturers. 

In the Beginning: EDTASM 

The EDTASM supplied with NEWDOS/80 
2. 1 was the llrst popular disk-based editor/ 
assembler for the Model I. Apparat merely al- 
tered Radio Shack's tape-based EDTASM so 

82 • 80 Micro, June 1985 









File Formats 


Editor/ 
Assembler 


EDTASM 


Series 1 


M-ZAL 


EDAS IV 

Pro-Create 

ALDS 


ALE 


Zen 


MACRO-80 


ALDS 




R 




R/W 


R 






ALE 


R 


R 


R 


R/W 


R/W 


R 


R 


EDAS IV 


R/W 


R/W 




R.W 


R 




R/W 


EDTASM 


R/W 














INTASM 


R/W 














M-ZAL 


R/W 


R 


R/W 


R/W 






R/W 


Pro-Create 


R/W 


R/W 




R/W 


R 




R/W 


Series 1 




R/W 












Zen 


R 


R 




R 








Zeus 


R/W 


R 




R/W 


R 


R 




ALE includes a utility that reads several different file formats. It can only write 
files in its own formats. 

M-ZAL includes a utility program that converts between several different file 
formats. However, its editor only reads and writes M-ZAL format. 

INTASM and Zeus can also read and write files in their own. partially-assembled 
formats. 

Table 1. Editor/assembler compatibility. Although they have different default 
formats, several editor/assemblers are capable of reading (R) and writing (W) 
source codes in several different formats. 



that it ran in a disk environment. The up- 
graded EDTASM supplied with NEWDOS/80 
2.0 is essentially the same program with a 
few more bells and whistles. 

EDTASM stores source code on disk with 
exactly the same format as the original ED- 
TASM used on tape. Each file starts with a 
7-byte identification field. Then it stores 
each line, along with its line number, in a 
quasi-ASCD format. A control-Z character 
(1A hexadecimal (hex]) marks the end of 
the file; this is a standard end-of-nle marker 
in many different operating systems on 
many different computers. 

The EDTASM identification field, found 
at the beginning of a file, is a byte of 0D3 hex 
followed by six characters of the file name 
(padded on the right with ASCII spaces). 
This ID field is necessary on tape so the tape 
loader can identify a file anywhere on a cas- 
sette; it is unnecessary on a disk file and no 



assembler uses it except EDTASM. 

Each line of EDTASM source code begins 
with a five-digit ASCII line number with the 
high bit of each byte set. Therefore, the 
number for line 00210. for example, is 
stored as BO BO B2 Bl BO (all in hex) instead 
of the conventional 30 30 32 31 30 that 
would appear in a normal ASCII file. An 
ASCII space (20 hex) always follows the line 
number and text of the line. Each line ends 
with a carriage return character. OD hex. 

A Slight Improvement: 
Series 1 Editor/ Assembler 

Radio Shack's Series 1 Editor/Assembler 
produces source code files 7 bytes shorter 
than EDTASM. but this change only makes 
files produced by the two programs incom- 
patible. 

The biggest difference is that Series 1 files 
don't begin with an identification field. Also. 



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instead of a space after each line number, 
the Series 1 inserts a tab character (09 hex). 
Except for those two minor differences. Ser- 
ies 1 and EDTASM files are identical. 

Both EDTASM and Series 1 file formats 
are inefficient; an assembler doesn't need to 
save source code line numbers, especially 
in a 5-byte ASCII form, because the assem- 
bler doesn't use those numbers. Therefore, 
the authors of other editor/assemblers have 
sought more economical ways to store 
source code in disk files. 

The Most Unusual: M-ZAL 

The M-ZAL editor/assembler produces 
the most unusual source code and its for- 



mat is the most difficult to change. The 
first 2 bytes of an M-ZAL source file contain 
the length of the file plus 5CF0 hex in nor- 
mal least-significant byte/most-significant 
byte (LSB/MSB) order. This unusual num- 
ber is not arbitrary; it's the address of 
M-ZAL's text buffer. 

M-ZAL stores each line of source code 
with the line number condensed to 2 bytes 
(again in LSB/MSB integer form) followed 
by a single byte containing the length of 
the line. Because it stores the line length in 
the file, M-ZAL doesn't need (and doesn't 
store) a carriage return at the end of each 
line. Each M-ZAL file ends with 2 bytes of 
OFF hex. to indicate an impossible line 



number of FFFF hex (or 65535 decimal). 

The result is that an M-ZAL file is some- 
what shorter than its EDTASM equivalent. 
M-ZAL saves 4 bytes per line, plus 4 bytes 
in its header, but uses an extra byte to 
mark the end of the file. 

The ASCII Difference: 
EDAS IV, Pro-Create, 
ALDS, ALE, and Zen 

Most of the other popular editor/assem- 
blers have dispensed with line numbers 
entirely in their storage format. EDAS IV, 
Pro-Create, and ALDS use identical for- 
mats: They store what you type into the 
editor exactly as an ASCII word processor 



Original source program (saved as TEST/SRC). I modified this program to fit the syntax of ALDS and Zen. 




00100 ; A Short Text Program 




00110 ORG 6000H 




00120 START LD HL,(8000H) 




00130 LD A.L 






00140 END 








File 






File 






Assembler 


Header 


Line Header 


Line Text 


Terminator 




ALDS 


none 




;A_Short_Test_Program OD 












% PSECT % 6000H OD 














START % LD % HL,(8000H) OD 














% LD % A.L OD 








(69 bytes) 






% END OD 


1A 




ALE 


none 




;A_Short_Test_Program OD 












% ORG % 6000H OD 














START % LD % HL,(8000H) OD 














% LD % A,L OD 








(66 bytes) 






% END OD 






EDAS IV 


none 




;A Short Test Program OD 












% ORG % 6000H OD 














START % LD % HL.(8000H) OD 














% LD % A.L OD 








(67 bytes) 






% END OD 


1A 




EDTASM 


D3 


B0B0B1 B0B0_ 


;A_ShorL_Test_Program OD 






(Apparat) 


TEST_ 


B0B0B1 Bl B0_ 


% ORG % 6000H OD 








(104 bytes) 




B0B0B1 B2B0_ 
B0B0B1 B3B0_ 
B0B0B1 B4B0_ 


START % LD % HL.(8000H) OD 
% LD % A.L OD 
% END OD 


1A 




M-ZAL 


3C5D 


64 00 15 


;A_ShorL_Test Program OD 










6E 00 OA 


% ORG % 6000H OD 








(80 bytes) 




78 00 13 
82 00 07 
8C 00 04 


START % LD % HL.(8000H) 
% LD % A.L 
% END 


FFFF 




Pro-Create 


none 




;A_Short_Test_Program OD 












% ORG % 6000H OD 














START % LD % HL.(8000H) OD 








(67 bytes) 






% LD % A.L OD 
% END OD 


1A 




Series 1 


none 


B0B0B1 B0B0% 


:A_ShorL_Test_Program OD 










B0B0B1 Bl BO % 


% ORG % 6000H OD 








(97 bytes) 




B0B0B1 B2B0 % 
B0B0B1 B3B0% 
B0B0B1 B4B0 % 


START % LD % HL.(8000H) OD 
% LD % A.L OD 

% END OD 


1A 






Table 2. Editor/ass 


ambler file formats. Here are the default file formats for each editor/assembler for the shor\ 


t 


program shown at 


the top of the box. For clarity, ASCII spaces are shown as underlines ( ) and tab characters 


are listed as perce 


nt signs (%). All other nonalphabettc characters appear as hexadecimal values. 



84 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Circle 9 on Reader Service card. 



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1 7 RRVAR1N Rate of return on investment with variable inflows 

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34 BONDVAL2 Value of a bond 

35 EPSEST Estimate of future ea r n in gs per share for company 

36 BETAALPH Computes alpha and beta variables for stock 

37 SHARPE1 Portfolio selection modeRe. what stocks to hold 

38 OPTWRfTE Option writing computations 

39 RTVAL Value of a right 

40 EXPVAL Expected value analysis 

41 BAYES Bayesian decisions 

42 VALPRINF Value of perfect information 

43 VALADWF Value of additional information 

44 fJTUJTY Derives utility function 

45 SIMPLEX Linear p iogramm i ng solution by simp Ie K method 

46 TRANS Transportation method for linear programming 

47 EOQ Economi c order quantity inventory model 

48 QUEUE) Single server queueing (watting fine) model 

49 CVP Cost-vokimeproiit analysis 

50 CONDPROF Conditional profit tables 

51 OPTLOSS Opportunity loss tables 

52 FQUOQ Fixed quantity economic order quantity model 

53 FQEOWSH As above but with shortages permitted 

54 FQEOQPB As above but with quantity price breaks 

55 QUEUECB Cost-benefit waiting line analysis 

56 NCFANAL Net cash-flow analysis for simple investment 

57 PROFIND Profitability index of a project 

58 CAP1 Cap. Asset Pr. Model analysis of project 



59 WACC Weighted average cost of capital 

60 COMPBAL True rate on loan with c ompen s ating bat required 

61 DfSCBAL True rate on discounted loan 

62 MERGANAL Merger analysis computations 

63 FTIRAT Financial ratios for a firm 

64 NPV Net present value of project 

65 PRINDLAS Laspeyres price index 

66 PRINDPA Paasche price index 

67 SEASfffD Constructs seasonal quantity indices for company 

68 T1METR Time series analysis Bnear trend 

69 TIMEMOV Time series analysis moving average trend 

70 FUPRINF Future price estimation with inflation 

71 MAILPAC Mailing Hat s yst em 

72 LETWRT Letter writing system-links with MAILPAC 

73 SORT3 Sorts list of names 

74 LABEL1 Shipping label maker 

75 LABEL2 Name label maker 

76 BCJSBUD DOME business brjoh ke eping system 

77 TIMECLCK Computes weeks total hours from tirneclock info. 

78 ACCTPAY In memory accounts payable system-storage permitted 

79 rtVOICE Generate invoice on screen and print on printer 

80 iiVENT2 ki memory inventory control system 

81 TELDtR Computerized telephone d aeetoty 

82 TTMUSAN Tune use analysis 

83 ASSIGN Use of assignment algorithm for optimal job assign. 

84 ACCTREC In memory accounts receivable system-storage ok 

85 TERMSPAY Compares 3 methods of repayment of loans 

86 PAYNET Computes gross pay required for given net 

87 SELLPR Computes selling price for given after tax amount 

88 ARBCOMP Arbitrage computations 

89 DEPRSF Sinking fund depreciation 

90 UPSZONE Finds UPS zones from zip code 

91 ENVELOPE Types envelope including return address 

92 AUTOEXP Automobile expense analysis 

93 WSFLE Insurance policy Tile 

94 PAYROLL2 bi memory payroll system 

95 DILANAL Dilution analysis 

96 LOANAFFD Loan amount a borrower can afford 

97 RENTPRCH Purchase price for rental property 

98 SALELEAS Saleleaseback analysis 

99 RRCONVBD kivestor's rate of return on convertable bond 
100 PORTVAL9 Stock market portfolio storage-valuation program 



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80 Micro, June 1985 • 85 



Assembly Language 

Development System (ALDS) 

Tandy/Radio Shack 

One Tandy Center 

Fort Worth. TX 76102 

ALE 

The Alternate Source 

704 N. Pennsylvania Ave. 

Lansing. MI 48906 

EDASIV 

Misosys 

P.O. Box 4848 

Alexandria. VA 22303 

EDTASM 

Apparat Inc. 

4401 S. Tamarac Parkway 

Denver. CO 80237 

Instant Assembler (INTASM) 

Mumford Micro Systems 

Box 400-E 

Summerland. CA 93067 

M-ZAL 

Computer Applications Unlimited 

P.O. Box 214 

Rye. NY 10580 

Pro-Create 

Misosys 

P.O. Box 4848 

Alexandria, VA 22303 

Series 1 

Tandy/Radio Shack 

One Tandy Center 

Fort Worth. TX 76102 

Zen 

The Alternate Source 

704 N. Pennsylvania Ave. 

Lansing. Ml 48906 

Zeus 

Cosmopolitan Electronics Co. 

5700 Plymouth Road 

Ann Arbor. MI 48105 

Table 3. Editor/assembler manu- 
facturers. 



Using ALDS 

With 80 Micro Programs 



by Hardin Brothers 



Most of the Assembly-language programs in 80 Micro use EDTASM. If 
you use Radio Shack's Assembly Language Development System (ALDS). 
you must change 80's listings before you type them in and run them. 

All TRS-80 assemblers except ALDS use the ORG directive to initialize 
the location counter. If you use ALDS. change ORG to PSECT and follow 
the PSECT with the ORG address in the original program. This one change 
is all you need to convert programs to ALDS format 95 percent of the time. 

Some programs, however, use EDAS and include macro definitions. 
ALDS supports macros but doesn't follow normal macro labeling conven- 
tions, so these programs might create some problems. 

You can get around ALDS' macro incompatibility in two ways. If a macro 
uses a label to jump backwards, your ALDS macro can use DEFL. If the 
macro definition includes a forward jump to a label, calculate the number 
of bytes to jump and use S + n instead of a label. The examples below should 
make the process clear: they list each macro definition first in EDAS form, 
then in ALDS form. ■ 



;EDAS format: 



FLS 



MACRO 

LD 

Lt> 

INC 

DJNZ 

ENDM 



;EDAS format: 



MACRO 

LL> 

LD 

CP 

JR 

SUB 

INC 

DJNZ 

EN DM 



SHIS 



SH2S 



»CHAR,iNUM 

B,»NUM 

(HL) ,*CHAR 

HL 

FLS 



#NUM 

B,«NUM 

A, (HL) 

61H 

NC,SH2S 

20H 

HL 

SHIS 



;ALDS format: 

FILL MACRO 

LD 

FL DEFL 

LD 
INC 

DJNZ 
ENDM 

;ALDS format: 
SHIFT MACRO 



SHI 



LD 

DEFL 

LD 

CP 

JR 

SUB 

INC 

DJNZ 

ENDM 



10, »1 

B,»l 

S 

( HI. j ,«0 

HL 
FL 



B,#0 

S 

A,(HL) 

61H 

NC,S*4 

20H 

HL 

SHI 



would store it. A carriage return character 
marks the end of each line and a control-Z 
marks the end of a file. The file structure 
doesn't have tricky features such as file 
headers. 

The ALE assembler uses an almost iden- 
tical file format, except that nothing marks 
the end of the file (ALE depends on DOS to 
find the files end). Finally, the Zen editor 
uses an ASCII format similar to these 
others, but doesn't use tab characters. In- 
stead, a single space separates each field of 
each line, and the assembler is responsible 
for properly formatting the source code at 
assembly time. Each Zen file ends with a 
byte of 00 hex. 

Preassembled Files: 
Instant Assembler and Zeus 

Two other popular editor/assemblers 
store their source files in partially assem- 

86 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



bled form. Instant Assembler (INTASM) 
and Zeus preassemble each line as you 
enter it As a result, their normal source 
code files are incompatible with all other 
editor/assemblers (and with each other), 
and transforming the files into another for- 
mat or deciphering them on the disk is 
next to impossible. 

Conclusion 

Even if you can load a file from one 
editor/assembler into another, you might 
still have to work to make the file assemble 
properly. Each editor/assembler has its 
own peculiar syntax, and what works with 
one will not necessarily work with another. 
Once you transfer the source code from 
one assembler to another, you should only 
need to run a few test assemblies and make 
some small changes. The real difficulty, 
transferring the source code in the first 



place, is a lot easier when you know what 
each assembler expects. ■ 

Hardin Brothers is an associate editor 
and regular columnist for 80 Micro. You 
can contact him through CompuServe. Go 
PCS- J 17 to the Writers - and Editors' Spec- 
ial Interest Group (WESIG) and leave your 
messages on section zero of the message 
board. Or write to him at 280 N. Campus 
Ave.. Upland. CA 91 786. 



Related Articles 

Brothers. Hardin. "Making Your Selec- 
tion: Choosing the Right Editor/Assem- 
bler." September 1984. p. 59. An 
examination of commercial editor/assem- 
blers for the Models I. HI. and 4. 




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80 Micro, June 1985 • 89 



PROJECT 80 / by Roger C. Alford 



Power Play: Building Single 
And Dual Power Supplies 



All the projects I've presented here so 
far require an external power sup- 
ply. This month. I'll show you how to de- 
sign and build two types of simple linear 
power supplies. 

Basic Power Supply Design 

The block diagram for the basic power 
supply is shown in Fig. 1. The supply uses 
a 120-volt ac (alternating current) power 
source as an input, from which it derives 
the desired dc (direct current) output 
voltage. 

You need a transformer to step down the 
1 20-volt ac input to get a lower ac voltage. 
This ac signal then passes through a full- 
wave rectifier to form an alternating dc 
signal. Then the dc signal passes through 
a filter capacitor to smooth it out. creating 
a steady dc signal (with a slight ac ripple). 
The dc signal then goes through a voltage 
regulator to give you the precise voltage 
you want. 

AC, DC, and RMS 

Since the ac power input to the trans- 
former is in the form of a sine wave (see 
Fig. 2). you can measure the voltage in a 
number of ways. One is to measure the 
voltage difference between the positive 
and negative peaks of the sine wave. This 
is called a peak-to-peak value, and is desig- 
nated P-P (see Fig. 2). 

Another method takes advantage of the 
fact that the sine wave is symmetric with 
respect to the X-axis (the horizontal axis). 
You get the peak voltage by measuring 
from the zero voltage line (the X-axis) to 
the top of the positive peak (or the bottom 
of the negative peak), which represents 
half the peak-to-peak voltage. 

Since the actual voltage of an ac line 
constantly changes, you may wonder how 
you get a specific voltage from such a line, 
like the 1 20 volts in most homes and busi- 
nesses. This is done by calculating an 




Photo 1 . Single power supply. 



average or effective voltage value, which 
you can consider the dc equivalent of the 
ac value. This is called the root mean 
square or RMS value. For the simple sine 
wave signals you will be working with, 
you can calculate the RMS value by divid- 
ing the ac peak voltage by the square root 
of 2 (see Fig. 2). Unless specified other- 
wise, all ac voltages refer to the RMS 
value. 

Consider an example. My oscilloscope 
shows the house ac line at 330 volts peak 
to peak, so the peak value is half that, or 
165 volts. The RMS value is then 165/ 
SQR(2)= 116.7 volts, where SQR(2) is the 
square root of 2. This is well within the ac- 
ceptable tolerance for my nominal 117- 
volt line. 

The Transformer 

Transformers comprise a pair of wire 
coils wrapped around an iron core. One 



coil (the primary) induces a voltage in an- 
other (the secondary). You can use either 
coil as the primary, though most trans- 
formers are designed for a specific oper- 
ation, with the primary predesignated. 
The ratio of the primary coil voltage to the 
secondary coil voltage is directly propor- 
tional to the ratio of the number of wind- 
ings of the two coils (see Fig. 3). This al- 
lows transformers to step up (increase) or 
step down (decrease) the input voltage, or 
to leave the voltage unchanged (for isola- 
tion purposes). This project requires a 
step-down transformer. Note that you can 
transform only ac signals, not dc signals. 

Rectifiers and Rectification 

The power supply design calls for some 
way to change the alternating line current 
to direct current. The step-down trans- 
former reduces the amplitude (peak-to- 
peak value) of the ac signal, but the signal 























STEP DOWN 
TRANSFORMER 




FULL- WAVE 

BRIDGE 

RECTIFIER 




FILTER 
CAPACITOR 




VOLTAGE 
REGULATOR 




AC 

INPUT 


STEPPED DOWN 
AC 


"ALTERNATING 
DC" 


DC 










REGULATED 
OUTPUT 






Figur 


e I . Power si 


ipply fwnctio 


rial block dia 


gram. 







90 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



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80 Micro, June 1985 • 91 



PROJECT 80 



on the transformer's secondary coll is still 
an ac sine wave. The next step toward 
making this a dc value is to rectify the ac 
signal, that is, to p e rm it only the positive 
portion of the ac signal to pass through, 
not the negative portion. 



A diode is a simple rectifier that you can 
use to pass only the positive portion of an 
ac signal. A simple circuit showing a diode 
(a half-wave rectifier) in use appears in Fig. 
4. The output of the circuit is a half-wave 
rectified signal like that shown in Fig. 5 



PEAK VOLTAGE 

J 




AC SINE WAVE 



P-P. PEAK-TO-PEAK VOLTAGE 



RMS VOLTAGE 



PEAK V0LTA6E 
■/Z 

Figure 2. AC sine wave with ac voltage meoswements. 






HALF-WAVE RECTIFIED SIGNAL 



Figure 5. Hay-wave rectified signal 



for an ideal diode. The diode passes the pos- 
itive portions of the ac signal, but sup- 
presses the negative portions: the output is 
flat (zero volts) during the time the ac signal 
is in the negative portion of its cycle. 
The half-wave rectified output presents 



Vp VOLTAGE 
J 



V $ VOLTAGE 

CENTER TAP (OPTIONAL) 



V P /V S ■ N p /N s 



SECONOARY COIL 

(NUMBER OF WINDINGS «N S ) 



PRIMARY COIL 

(NUMBER OF WINDINGS ' Np) 

Figure 3. Transformer diagram show- 
ing coil/voltage ratio equivalence. 



DIODE 

(HALF -WAVE 
RECTIFIER) 



AC 

INPUT 



HALF -WAVE 

RECTIFIER 

OUTPUT 



Figure 4. Circuit using diode to form a 
half-wave rectifier. 



Circle 71 on Reader Service card 



T80-FS1 



Simulator 



Available for Model I or Model III. $25.00 
on cassette or $33.50 on disk (with 
enhancements) All versions require 16K. 




See your dealer! 



If you order direct, please specify whether you have Model I or 
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LOGIC 

Communications Corp. 
713 Edgebrook Drive 
Champaign, I L 61820 
(217) 359-8482 
Telex. 206995 



92 • 80 Micro. June 1985 



PROJECT 80 



two disadvantages: First, the repeating 
hump-space sequence is rather difficult to 
filter (smooth out). Second, you're not us- 
ing the energy that is otherwise available 
in the negative portion of the ac cycle; 
you're merely suppressing it. It would be 
better to use a circuit that would get rid of 
the negative portion of the ac cycle but still 
make use of it. The answer is to convert 
the negative voltage to positive. 

A circuit that does so, called a full-wave 
rectifier, appears in Fig. 6. The output of 
the full- wave rectifier is shown in Fig. 7. 
The negative portion of the ac cycle is 
brought above the X-axis to create a re- 
peating hump pattern. This output uses 
all the energy from the ac signal (except 
that dissipated in the rectifier circuitry) 
and allows easier filtering than the half- 
wave rectifier. Figure 6 shows the full- 
wave rectifier consisting of four diodes. It 
is also now available in a single package 
with four leads: two for the ac inputs, one 
for the more-negative output, and one for 
the more-positive output. A drawing of a 
packaged full-wave rectifier as used in this 
month's project is shown in Fig. 8. 

Filtering 

After the full-wave rectifier rectifies the 
output, the result is what I call an alternat- 
ing (uneven) dc signal. The next task is to 



smooth down the humps to create a 
smooth dc signal. You do so by putting a 
filter capacitor across the two output lines 
of the full-wave rectifier (the minus line 
and the plus line). This smooths out the 
signal, creating a dc signal with a small ac 
ripple. The amount of ripple is inversely 
proportional to the size of the filter capac- 
itor chosen. Many sensitive computer sys- 
tems use high -capacitance computer- 
grade filters (typically 50,000 microfarads 
or higher) to eliminate ripple and store 
some power in reserve in case of a brief (a 
few milliseconds) ac power outage. For 
your power supply design, however, capac- 
itors of considerably smaller value will do 
nicely, with almost no detectable ripple. 

Voltage Regulator 

Once you've filtered the full- wave signal 
to get a smooth dc signal, you must reduce 
the voltage down to that desired. (For a 
linear regulator, the voltage entering the 
regulator must be at least slightly higher 
than the desired regulated voltage.) You 
use a voltage regulator to reduce the volt- 
age. The regulator also insures that the 
output voltage doesn't change (appre- 
ciably) under varying load conditions. 
Most regulators also have a special safety 
feature for overload (too much current) or 
short-circuit protection. When the regu- 



lator reaches a certain temperature (due to 
excessive current draw), it shuts down to 
prevent damage to the regulator as well as 
the external circuitry. When it cools to an 
acceptable temperature, it restores the 
output. 

Linear regulators aren't ideal, however. 
One problem is that the voltage difference 
between the input and output represents 
an internal voltage drop, and is dissipated 
as heat. For example, if you have an 8- volt 
input to a 5-volt regulator, a 3-volt voltage 
drop exists within the regulator. If the ex- 
ternal load draws 1 amp of current. 1 amp 
also goes through the 3-volt drop. Thus, 
since power = current x voltage, 1 amp x 3 
volts = 3 watts, which is being lost as heat 
within the regulator. This heat loss in- 
creases as the voltage drop increases, 
making the regulator much less efficient. 

While you can choose among many dif- 
ferent kinds of regulators on the market. I 
will use the simple three-terminal regula- 
tors in the 78XX (positive regulator) and 
79XX (negative regulator) series. Al- 
though they're limited to about 1 amp of 
current output, they are inexpensive and 
simple to use. They come in two package 
types; the TO-3 metal can (see Fig. 9ax) 
and the TO-220 plastic package (see Fig. 
9b,d). I used the TO-220 package in my 
supplies, but you can use either. When or- 



Circle 36 on Reader Service card. 



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Anaheim, CA 92804 

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Dealer inquiries on your letterhead are welcomed. 



80 Micro. June 1985 • 93 



PROJECT 80 



dering. the TO-3 package generally has a 
K suffix (7805K) and the TO-220 generally 
has a T suffix (7805T). You should note 
the difference in pinout between the pos- 
itive and the negative regulators. The sche- 
matics specify the input, output and 
ground pins, and you must connect the cor- 
rect pins using the pinouts shown in Pig. 9. 
To my knowledge, four regulators are 
available in the 78XX series, three in the 
79XX series: 7805. 7806. 7812. 7815. and 
7905. 7912. and 7915. The last two digits 
of the part number indicate the regulated 
output voltage (the 7812 is a positive 
12-volt regulator). 

The Design of Dual Supplies 

The design of dual power supplies, 
those with both a positive and a negative 
voltage of the same magnitude ( + /-12 
volts, for example), is similar to single 
power supplies. The main difference is the 
use of a center-tapped transformer and a 
secondary regulator with twice the volt- 
age used for a single supply. The center 
tap is a connection at the middle of the sec- 
ondary coil, brought out for easy access. 

The magnitude of the voltage between 
the center tap and either of the other two 
secondary output lines is half that of the 
voltage between the two ends of the sec- 
ondary coil; the center tap is roughly the 
half-voltage point. This is used as the 
ground or zero-volt line in the dual supply, 
with the negative voltage owning from the 
minus terminal of the full-wave rectifier 
and the positive voltage coming from the 
plus terminal. 

Building the Single 
And Dual PowerSupplies 

Although I chose a specific output volt- 
age for both the single and the dual sup- 
plies. Ill describe the changes necessary 
for other voltages. 

Whenever you work with high voltage, 
such as the 1 20-volt ac house current used 
In this month's project, be careful. Make 
sure you don't have the power supply 
plugged in when you're modifying or 
working on it and insulate the trans- 
former primary connections once the sup- 
ply is complete (using electrical tape or 
putting the supply in an appropriate proj- 
ect box) to keep from accidentally touch- 
ing them when you're using the supply. 



*S ♦ AC - 



Figure 8. Packaged full-wave rectifier. 



The Single Supply 

The single power supply is simple to 
build, having a single positive or negative 
output voltage (see Photo 1). The sche- 
matic for the positive ( + 5-volt) supply is 
shown in Fig. 10: the negative (-5-volt) 
supply is similar and is shown in Fig. 1 1 . 

You can change these to other output 
voltages by changing the transformer and 
the regulator. The transformer's second- 
ary should be specified for a voltage slight- 
ly higher than the desired regulated volt- 
age (by at least a half volt, or so), but not 
much over, since the excess is dissipated 





AC 
INPUT 




OUTPUT — 


AC 
INPUT 


)»— • OUTPUT 


Figure 


6. Full-wave 


rectifier circuit. 




FULL- WAVE 
RECTIFIED SIGNAL 



Figure 7. Full-wave rectified signal. 



TO-3 PACKAGE 

(BOTTOM VIEW) 




78XXK 

POSITIVE REGULATOR 

(a) 



TO-3 PACKAGE 

(BOTTOM VIEW) 




79XXK 

NEGATIVE REGULATOR 



(c) 



TO-220 PACKAGE 
(TOP VIE*) 



ra 



3 Z 

1° 



7BXXT 

POSITIVE REGULATOR 



lb) 



TO-220 PACKAGE 

(TOP VIEW) 



o 



79XXT 

NEGATIVE REGULATOR 



id) 



Figure 9. la) Bottom view of TO-3 78XXK positive regulator, (b) Top view of 
TO-220 78XXT positive regulator, (c) Bottom view of TO-3 79XXK negative 
regulator, (d) Top view of TO-220 79XXT negative regulator. 



94*80 Micro. June 1986 



PROJECT 80 



as heat in the regulator. The current 
rating should also be somewhat greater 
than the 1 amp allowed by the regulator, 
since you lose power in the rectification, 
filtering, and regulation processes. For ex- 
ample, for a +/-12-volt supply, a 
transformer with 12.6 volts at 1.5 amps 
secondary would work. 

You should put a heat sink under the 
regulator (though I didn't use any In my 
prototypes). It will dissipate the heat gen- 
erated in the regulator, so that the regulator 
meets its maximum rated output When 
putting the regulator on the sink, use heat 
sink compound between the regulator and 



the sink for better heat transfer. 

A fuse on the 120-volt side of the trans- 
former Is optional, and Is generally not 
needed since the regulator will shut down 
before it can draw an excessive amount of 
current from the transformer. 

The Dual Supply 

The schematic for the dual supply, con- 
stating of both a positive and negative out- 
put of the same magnitude, is shown In 
Pig. 12 for a +/- 12-vott supply (also see 
Photo 2). The transformer's center tap 
serves as the reference (ground or zero- 
volt) point and the output voltages are 



K»V, 44 

FULL-W4VE RtCTlfC" 




-6.3V® I 2 A 

TRANSFORMER 
SECONOARY 



Tl 



- -* icyF 



POWER 
SUPPLY 
OUTPUT 



VOLTAGE 

REGULATOR 



Figure 10. + 5-uoii power supply. 



AC LINK CORD 




100V. 411 

FULL- WAVE RECTIFIER 



*>v*crOrd 



-«SV$)l 2A 
TRANSFORMER 

SECONDARY 




VOLTAGE 
REGULATOR 

OUTPUT 



;£- I0».F 

i€ v 



POWER 
SUPPLY 
OUTPUT 



Figure II.- 5-volt power supply. 



-AC LINE CORO 




POSITIVE 
VOLTAGE 
REGULATOR 



-25.2vQ2.SA 

TRANSFORMER 
SECONDARY 



55V 



J3V 



m 



"T 



- - '0*F 
35V 



POWER 

SUPPLY 

OUTPUTS 



NEGATIVE 
VOLTAGE 
REGULATOR 



Figure 12. +/-12-oolt power supply. 



Circle 367 on Reader Service card 



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PRINTER SWITCH SALE 




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*cle 422 on Reader Service card 



Word Processing 

SIMPLIFIED 

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CLEAR, SIMPLE, EASY 

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ORDER NOW 

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48842 0247 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 95 



PROJECT 80 




Photo 2. Dual power supply. 









Part 


Price 


Quantity 

1 


Description 


Distributor Number 


(Each) 


Transformer* 


RS 




1-2 


Positive and/or negative 










voltage regulator(s)* 


RS 


276-1770 + 


1.59 


1-2 


2200 nF/35 volt Electrolytic 










capacitor t 


RS 


272-1020 


2.49 


1-2 


. 1 mF750 volt Disc 










capacitor t 


RS 


272-135 


0.25 


1-2 


10 mF/35 volt Electrolytic 










capacitor (PC mount) 


RS 


272-1025 


0.59 


1 


100 volt/4 A Full-wave bridge 










rectifier 


RS 


276-1171 


1.59 


2-3 


Terminal post 


RS 


274-662 


0.70 


1 


AC plug 
AC line cord 








• See text. 










+ The 35-volt capacitor from Radio Shack can be su 


bstituted for the 


16-volt 


capacitor 


specified for the + and - 5 -volt 


supplies. 






Radio Shack (RS) National Parts Division, 900 E. Northside Drive. Fort Worth, 


TX 76102. 


81 7-870-5662. 










Table. Parts list and ordering information. 





positive and negative with respect to that 
line. While the voltage between the minus 
and plus terminals of the full-wave recti- 
fier is roughly 25.2 volts, it is only half that 
between the transformer's center tap and 
either of the two rectifier output terminals. 

Alternate Voltages 

You can develop other voltage supplies 
by changing the transformer and the two 
regulators. The transformer value should 
be slightly higher than twice the value of 
the positive output voltage ( a 12.6-volt 
center-tapped transformer works as a + / 
- 5-volt supply). The current rating on the 
transformer's secondary should also be 
higher than the sum of the current output 
of the two regulators in the supply (for a 
1-amp output, the secondary current rat- 
ing should be 2.5 amps or higher). 

As with the single supply described 
above, you should install heat sinks under 
the regulators. 

Operating the Power Supplies 

After connecting the ac line cord to the 
transformer's primary, and the terminal 
posts to the supply's regulated outputfs), 
the power supply is ready for use by sim- 
ply plugging it in. The supplies should 
provide up to approximately 1 amp of cur- 
rent output for your projects. 

Conclusion 

I've accumulated quite a collection of 
supplies over the years due to my various 
requirements. While the supplies de- 
signed here are limited to relatively low 
current, they can. nonetheless, be used 
with all of the projects described in the col- 
umn, as well as ones planned in the fu- 
ture. Enjoy! ■ 



Write to Roger C. Alford at Washtenaw 
Digital Systems. P.O. Box 2014. Ann Ar- 
bor. MI 48106. Please include a self-ad- 
dressed, stamped envelope for a reply. 



Going Back in Time 

In the July 1984 Project 80 (p. 142). I 
described the construction of a Model 
m/4 real-time clock. Some people won- 
dered what additional circuitry would be 
needed to use the real-time clock at the 
Model 4's full speed. 

The schematic for the additional cir- 
cuitry is shown in Fig. 13. The parts re- 
quired are listed on the schematic and 
are available from most of the electronic 
distributors normally listed in Project 80 
(see the Table). You need four new in- 
tegrated circuits. 

You need a crystal (along with three 



inverters) to generate an 8-MHz syn- 
chronizing clock for the Model uT/4 cir- 
cuitry previously described. If Radio 
Shack had brought the clock signal out 
to the input/output (I/O) bus as they 
should have, you wouldn't need this cir- 
cuitry. 

The 74LS161 4-bit binary counter 
does most of the work in this new circuit. 
When you don't have the 58174 selected 
(Q0/ is high), the master reset pin (MR/, 
pin 1) is low. clearing the four outputs 
(Q0-Q3). When you do select the chip, 
the MR/ pin goes high, allowing the 



counter to increment under appropriate 
conditions. The chip cannot count, how- 
ever, until both the CEP and CET inputs 
are high, and the CEP input won't go 
high until the TRS-80 OUT/ line goes ac- 
tive. When this happens, the chip starts 
counting, using the rising edge of the 
8-MHz clock. 

Note that the WR/ line going to the 
58174 is no longer the OUT/ line from 
the TRS-80 bus. but the Q2 line from the 
74LS161 (inverted). The flip-flop 
(74LS74) attached to Q2's output merely 
serves as an inverter. The 58174 WR/ 



96 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



PROJECT 80 



CRYSTAL 
SMHi 

Hit — 



: M> " M> t1S 



r 



T 



IM 




PARTS LIST 

74LS04 

T4LS08 

74LSI6I 

74LS74 

I Kfl RESISTORS 

BMHi CRYSTAL 

2Z0F CAPACITORS 



(331 OUT 

(CONNECT HERE 
INSTEAD OF TO 

PIN J OF THE 
5817*1 



iO^i 



_k 



^*- 



* THIS IS ANOTHER GATE FROM 
THE 74LS32 SHOWN IN THE 
ORIGINAL SCHEMATIC 




Figure 13. Circuitry to use the real- time clock at the Model 4 s full speed. 



The ORG should be decremented by 

16. For a 48K system It would 

become: 

ORG OFFBOH 

The RDTIME routine should become 

(without romments): 

RDTIME DI 

LD A.10H 

OUT (0ECH).A 

LD HL.TIMTBL 



JR 
EI 
RET 



NZ.RDTIME 



The SETTIME routine should 
become (without comments): 
SETLME DI 

LD A.10H 

OUT (0ECH1.A 

XORA 



OUT (STPSTR)j\ 

EI 

RET 

Figure 14. Program changes for 
Models 1II/4 to access real-time clock. 



line is normally high (as it should be). 

On receiving the first rising clock edge 
after the OUT/ line goes active (while the 
chip select is also active), the 74LS161 
output increments by 1 . setting the QO 
output, which in turn sets the flip-flop 
attached to the QO line. The output of 
this flip-flop goes to the TRS-80 WAIT/ 
line to generate necessary wait states. 
Note that no more than 125 nanosec- 
onds (ns), one clock cycle, elapses be- 
tween the time the OUT/ signal goes ac- 
tive and the time the WAIT/ line goes 
active (phis a little propagation time). 
This is well within the time required by 
the TRS-80's Z80 chip. 

Q2 goes high three clock cycles after 
the WAIT/ goes active, bringing the 
58174 WW line low. There will be a min- 
imum of 375 ns (three clock cycles) after 
the chip select goes active before the 
58174 WR/ line goes active, which is 
well above the 310 ns minimum require- 
ment of the 58174. Four clock cycles 
later, the 58174 WR/ line goes high (Q2 
goes low) and the Q3 output goes high, 
making the WAIT/ line unasserted. The 
CET line is also brought low. preventing 
further counting by the 74LS161. Note 
that the WR/ line is low for approximate- 
ly 500 ns. well above the 430 ns mini- 
mum requirement of the 58 174. 

Nothing further happens until the 
chip select is unasserted, reasserting 



MR/, clearing the 74LS161s outputs. 
The whole process is entirely transpar- 
ent to software. Incidentally, the read 
timing for the 58174 with the 4 MHz Z80 
is already within specs, so modification 
is not necessary. 

Model m/4 Code 
Change-Break 

I also failed to describe the necessary 
changes to the Assembly-language code 
for accessing the real-time clock from 
the Model m/4. These systems require 
the computer to send a 10H value to the 
OECH register before each read or write 
to enable external I/O access. You must 
also disable the interrupts during this 
time, since system interrupt service 
routines often disable external I/O ac- 
cesses. You should decrement the start- 
ing address of the machine-language 
code because the additional instructions 
require more room in memory. You 
should therefore modify the top-of- 
memory pointer (memory size) accord- 
ingly (from OFFCOH to OFFBOH in a 
48K system). The RDTIME and SETLME 
entry points from Basic are also differ- 
ent For a 48K system, line 80 of the 
Basic program becomes DEFUSR0 = 
&HHFFB0. while line 90 becomes 
DEFUSR1 =&HFFCC. The program 
changes required for Model HI/4 opera- 
tion arc shown in Fig. 14.B 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 97 



BASIC TAKES /by Richard RameMa 



A Crash Course 
In Crash-Proofing 



To paraphrase Carl Sandburg. "Why 
did the children put beans in their 
ears when the one thing we told them not 
to do was put beans in their ears?" In other 
words, why do people sometimes do the 
opposite of what you tell them to do? 

Some people who use your programs 
will take delight in crashing them or in 
finding bugs by not following instructions. 
And people who don't know much about 
computers are good at crashing programs 
because they don't know what's accept- 
able to a program and what isn't. 

That's Not Supposed 
To Happen 

My first Basic programs worked per- 
fectly until others tried them. Here's an 
example from those early days: 

500 INPUT "Type in a number from to 127 

and press enter";X 
5lOSET(X.30) 

If the user follows instructions, the pro- 
gram sets a pixel on the screen. If not. the 
program generates an illegal function call 
(an FC error) because an input value of 
less than zero or more than 127 is outside 
the range you can set on the X axis. 

As given, the program is correct, but it 
allows incorrect answers. My lesson: Any 
program that accepts user decisions must 
have built-in limits. 

One way to pinpoint potential crashes is 
to focus on every program line offering user 
decisions (Input and INKEY$ routines). A 
Basic program must be a closed environ- 
ment. You can't let the user step outside 
the world the program defines, whether 
he's balancing a checkbook or traversing 
the terrain of an adventure game. 

Limiting Responses 

Your computer has the ability to reject 
one particular kind of unacceptable an- 
swer to a prompt. Type in the one-line pro- 
gram 100 INPUT A and try answering it 
with a character instead of a number. The 



System Requirements 

Models m, 4, and 1000 
Basic 




computer responds ?REDO (or something 
similar) until you type in a number. Now 
try typing in INPUT A$ and your program 
accepts any input but the program treats 
the entry as a string, not a number. 

Here's a simple routine that limits user 
response to a prompt: 

100 INPUT "Type in 1 or 2 and press enter "Z 
1 10 IF ZOl AND Z02 THEN GOTO 100 
120 PRINT "You chose ":Z: END 

The program won't continue until it re- 
ceives an answer within the acceptable 
range. A similar routine addresses string 
input: 

100 INPUT "Answer YES or NO and press 

enter":A$ 
1 10 IF AS<> "YES" AND A$<> "NO" 

THEN GOTO 100 

Be careful how you phrase If. . .Then 
tests. The logic of IF ZOl OR Z<>2 cre- 
ates a mutually exclusive situation in 
which neither 1 nor 2 works as a choice. 

If you give the user numerous choices, 
any whole number from 1-100 for exam- 
ple, the form If ZOl and Z02 and 
Z<>3 . . becomes too unwieldy. Try this: 

100 INPUT Type in a whole number from 1 to 

100 and press enter":Z 
110Z = INT(Z) 

120IFZ<1 OR Z>100 THEN GOTO 100 
130 PRINT "You chose "Z: END 

Line 1 10 corrects the input if the user en- 



ters a fractional amount. The program's 
integer function reduces a fraction to its 
next lowest whole number: 2.3 becomes 
2. for example. Line 120 then accepts the 
answer if it's in the requested range. 

The programming gets trickier when 
you want to accept some answers and not 
others. Change line 120 to IF Z/5 = INT 
(Z/5) THEN GOTO 100. Now the program 
accepts only numbers evenly divisible by 
five. Similarly, you can rule out some 
numbers within the accepted range: 120 
IF Z = 50 OR Z<1 OR Z>100 THEN GOTO 
100. This accepts any number from 
1-100 except 50. The prompt must clear- 
ly state the choices. 

Include precise instructions in the 
prompt. You can also include instructions 
for what to do if the user registers a wrong 
answer, as in the following program: 

100 CLS 

1 10 INPUT "Type in a number, 1 to 5, and press 

enter" Oi. 
120X = INT(X) 

130 IF XX) AND X<6 THEN GOTO 190 
140 CLS.PRINT The number you typed is 

outside" 
150 PRINT "the requested range. Please try 

again." 
160 PRINT: GOTO 1 10 
170 PRINT "Thanks. That fdt good. ":END 

Line 130 shunts program execution 
ahead to line 190 if the answer is legal. If 



98 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Circle 62 on Reader Service card. 



• DISPLAYED VIDEO • 

IS TURNING THE COMPUTER WORLD 

UPSIDE DOWN!! 



oz$ 

£1$ 
'92$ 
962$ 
"98$ ■ 

SL% ' 



021$ ' 
'511$ ' 

ii"5ze$ 



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80 Micro, June 1985 • 99 



BASIC TAKES 



the program doesn't accept the answer, 
lines 150-180 indicate what's wrong and 
prompt the user for a new entry. 

Be careful how you word error mes- 
sages. Messages like "Wrong, dummy! 
Try again" sound funny, but they're in- 
timidating, boring, and insulting to the 
usci who's struggling to make a program 
run correctly. The best style is to blank the 
screen and present a clearly worded 
prompt again. If you include more instruc- 
tions, make them nonjudgmental and en- 
couraging. 

You can direct program execution with 
ON X GOSUB and ON GOTO routines, too: 

100 CLSPRINT "MENU" 

1 10 PRINT "1 Branch to line 200." 

120 PRINT "2 Branch to line 300." 

140 INPUT "Choose 1 or 2 and pass enter" :X 

150 ON X GOTO 200. 300 

160 GOTO 100 

200 PRINT "You chose line 200 ":END 

300 PRINT "Here you are at line 3O0.":END 

Notice that you haven't limited the in- 
put value of X. yet the program doesn't ac- 
cept menu choices other than 1 or 2. This 
works because line 1 50. having two desti- 
nations, considers only 1 and 2 as possibil- 
ities. If it finds neither, the program falls 
through to line 160. which restarts the 
search by returning to line 100. 



Error messages like 
"Wrong, dummy! 
Try again," 
sound funny, but 
they're intim- 
idating, boring, 
and insulting to 
the struggling user. 



String Solutions 

An IN KEYS value always represents the 
string value of the keyboard button most 
recently pressed. Try this: 

100 CLS: PRINT "Type in the letter A and press 

enter." 
110AS = INKEYS 

120 IF AS - "A" THEN PRINT AS: 
130 GOTO 110 

Lines 1 10-130 form a loop with the possi- 
ble action contained within it. The listing 
prints the value of A$ only if you type in 
the letter A. Best of all. a single keystroke 
does the job. rather than having to type in 
the answer and press the enter key: 



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100 CLS: PRINT "Will you continue <Y>cs 

or <N>o?" 
110AS = INKEY$ 
120 IF AS<> "Y" AND A$<> "y" AND ASO 

"N" AND ASO "n" THEN GOTO 1 10 
130 PRINT "You chosr "A$:END 

Line 120 sends the program back for a 
new INKEY$ value if the answer is not 
a Y. y. N, or n. It works, but you still have a 
better option: Use LNSTR to test for the ex- 
istence of one string within another. 
Change line 120 to: IF A$ = "" OR 
rNSTRCYyNn".A$) = THEN GOTO 1 10. 
The new line is only slightly shorter than 
the original, but greater space savings and 
better precision result with five possible 
responses. 

Using INSTR tests can produce prob- 
lems. The person running your program 
might tap the correct key in lowercase. An 
LNSTR test doesn"t accept an "n" in place 
of an "N" or vice versa. 

Also, allowing these variations puts you 
in the awkward position of having to con- 
sider alternate possibilities each time you 
test the values in the program. This short 
routine, put at the start of a program, can 
solve the problem: 

100 INPUT "Type in the letter x and press 

enter" :X$ 
1 10 IF X$ = CHRSI88) THEN PRINT "Keyboard 

must be unshiftcd so lowercase letters print.": 

GOTO 100 
120 IF X$OCHR$( 1 20) THEN GOTO 100 

If the user types in the key in uppercase, 
the program prompts him to respond in 
lowercase (line 1 10). In line 120, if the key 
isn't lowercase, the program loops back 
for another try. This forces the user to un- 
shift before the program continues. Since 
all entries are then in lowercase, the pro- 
gram needn't consider uppercase entries 
as alternatives. 

For the last example of delimited re- 
sponses I'll return to the Input statement. 
This program accepts numeric and string 
answers from the same prompt It treats 
input as a string, and if the response is a 
possible numeric value, it uses VAL to cre- 
ate a numeric variable with the numeric 
value of a string: 

100 CLS 

1 10 INPUT "Your choices are tango or 1" A$ 

120 IF A$ = "tango" THEN PRINT "Son-y. I only 

Foxtrot.": END 
130 IF A$0"1" THEN GOTO 100 
140A = VAL(A$) 
150 PRINT "You chose "A.-END 

Final Entry 

Don't let a user make any choice your 
program isn't ready to handle. Limit the 
choice at the point of input before the 
problem gets out of hand. 

Coming next month, error recovery for 
disallowed prompt answers. ■ 

You can reach Richard Ramella at 
1493 Aft. View Ave.. Chico, CA 95926. 



Circle 78 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 388 on Reader Service card. 



A 



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Circle 203 on Reader Service card 



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Special prices on new first quality disk drives. They even have GOLD con nectors on the back .. . Some 
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80 Micro, June 1985 • 101 



THE NEXT STEP / by Hardin Brothers 



Opening Windows 
On Your Model 4 



The trouble with the Model 4 is that it 
can't do windows, I've heard. 

Of course it can. Just because no one 
(to my knowledge) has written a general 
windowing program for the Model 4 
doesn't mean it can't be done. During 
the next few months, I'll show you how 
to write a program that gives complex 
windowing capabilities to your Model 4 
with TRSDOS 6.2. 

For this project. I define a window as a 
video display that uses only part of the 
screen and leaves the rest unaffected. 
When you're done with a window, you 
should be able to close it and return to the 
previous display with everything intact. 

My definition does not imply that one 
program can run in memory on top of 
another, but merely that you can impose 
one display on top of another. However, 
by the end of this project, you'll be able 
to run any DOS command from within a 
window, on top of almost any program. 

The complete window program is much 
too long for a single column. This month, 
I'll explain the crucial video driver portion 
of the program. I'll add the interfaces dur- 
ing the next two months. 

The Video Driver 

You can write the video driver for a win- 
dowing program several ways. I consid- 
ered writing a filter for TRSDOS's *DO 
driver that would catch each byte as it 
went to the video screen and decide how 
to handle it. That approach would work 
for text, but it would handle control char- 
acters and scrolling very slowly. 

Therefore. I changed the resident video 
driver directly. This system has several 
advantages: you can use most of the resi- 
dent video driver with few or no changes, 
you can access video RAM directly, and 
you shouldn't lose system speed. 




System Requirements 

Model 4 

TRSDOS 6.2 

Basic 

Assembly language 

Editor/assembler 





Program Listing 1 . Model 4 window driver. 


0B11B 




MODEL 4 WINDOW DRIVER 




00120 




Hardin Bro 


thers — The Next 


Step 


00130 




February 2 


, 1985 




00140 
00150 










This program patches 


the DOS *DO driv 


er to support windowing 


00160 


on the Model 4/4p un 


der TRSDOS 6.2 on 


lyl 


00170 










00180 


It modifies the *D0 


driver, and also 


uses 130 bytes of 


00190 
00200 

00210 


the low a 


eraory driver area (0FF4h to 


12FFh) . 










00220 


Equates to 


call *DO driver addresses 




00230 










00240 


:rsbol 


eg;- 


0BF8H 


.•Cursor to beginning of line 


00250 


:rsup 


EQU 


0C2BH 


;Curscr up one screen line 


00260 


)0_SCROLL 


EG" 


0CCEF 


;Beginning of scroll routine 


00270 


:lreol 


EG ; - 


0D12H 


;Clear to end of line 


00280 


~UT_S 


EQU 


0DCAH 


;Put char, in C at cursor pos'n 


00290 


*C_2_ADDR 


equ 


0DD0H 


.•Change Row/Column in HL to 


00300 








; video meaory address 


00310 










00320 


Equates to 


patches in 


•DO driver 




00330 










00340 


:rsbol2 


EQU 


0D16H 


; Extension to CRSBOL 


00350 


PT_DE_TOP 


EQU 


0C3 7H 


; Point DE to top of window 


00360 


:hk_ln_end 


EQU 


0CD1H 


;Past end of window line? 


00370 


;et_end 


EQI! 


0CDBH 


;Point HL ==> end of window line 


00380 


:lreoli 


EQU 


0CE2H 


; Extension to CLREOL 


00390 










00400 


SVCs used: 








00410 










00420 


3DSPLY 


EC'..' 


10 




00430 


a EXIT 


EC'. 


22 




00440 


3HEX16 


EC'.: 


99 




00450 










0046C 


If you use 


PRO-CREATF 


or EDAS, add the 


following hacro definition: 


00470 










00480 


SVC MACRO INGM 






00490 


LD 


A,INUM 






00500 


RST 


28H 






00510 


ENDM 








00520 










00530 
00540 
00550 
00560 










This is 


the new code that will be stored in low nemory. 










00570 




PSECT 


3000H 


;Use ORG 3000K with EDAS 


00580 


)VR_START 


JR 


CRSBK 


.•Create standard header 

Listing 1 continued 



102 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Circle 204 on Reader Service card. 




kCount 

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SPS as above for Mod III inquire 



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80 Micro, June 1985 • 103 



THE NEXT STEP 



Listing I con 


Inued 








00590 


OLDHIGH 


DW 


S-S 


/Linkage byte 


00600 




DB 


2 


;Name length 


00610 




DEPM 


'WD' 


/Define module name 


00620 




DW 


S-S,0 


/Maintain standard form 


00630 










00640 


/Storage space 


for vid 


eo parameters: 




00650 


LEFT COL 


DB 





/Left edge of window 


00660 


SCR_T0P 


DW 


0F800H 


/Beginning of screen window 


00670 


SCR_END 


DW 


0PF7FH 


/End of screen window 


00680 


SCR LIKE 


DW 


007 9D 




00690 


1 








00700 


CRSBK 


RET 


Z 


/Ignore if at beginning of window 


00710 




DEC 


DE 


/Hove back a space 


00720 




PUSH 


DE 


/Save this address 


00730 




CALL 


CRSBOL 


/Find beginning of line 


00740 




EX 


DE,HL 


/ Address to HL 


00750 




DEC 


HL 


/Adjust to compare 


00760 




POP 


DE 


/Retrieve cursor address 


00770 




OR 


A 


/Reset C-Plag 


00780 




SBC 


HL.DE 


/Moved past left edge? 


00790 




RET 


NZ 


/No — Return 


00800 




CALL 


CRSUP 


/Move up one line 


00810 




CALL 


GET_END 


/End of window line in HL 


00820 




EX 


DE.HL 


/New cursor addr. to DE 


00830 




INC 


A 


/Return with Z-Flag reset 


00840 




RET 






00850 


f 








00800 


MOVCRS 


PUSH 


HL 


/Save registers 


00870 




PUSH 


DE 




00880 




CALL 


PT DE TOP 


/DE ■ Top of window 


00890 




SBC 


HL,DE 


/Below top? 


00900 




POP 


DE 


/Retrieve present cursor addr. 


00910 




JR 


NCH0VCRS1 


/Go if new addr. on screen 


00920 




POP 


HL 


/Clear stack I discard 


00930 




RET 






00940 


H0VCRS1 


POP 


DE 


/New addr. in DE 


00950 




LD 


HL,(SCR END) 


/P/u end of window 


00960 


REL1 


EQU 


5-2 




00970 




SBC 


HL.DE 


/Past end? 


00980 




RET 


NC 


/No — return 


00990 




JP 


DO SCROLL-1 


/Lead into scroll routine 


01000 










01010 


AT END 


CALL 


CHK_LN END 


/At end of line? 


01020 




JR 


Z,CRSFRWD2 


/Yes — Go to next line 


01030 




LD 


A,(0076H) 


/P/u MODOUTS 


01040 




JP 


0CBEH 


/Continue with normal CRSFRWD 


01050 


I 








01060 


CRSFRWD1 


JP 


C,DO_SCROLL-1 


/Lead to scroll if end-of-frame 

Listing 1 continued 



I developed the window program as a 
series of patches to the DOS video driver. 
Where possible. I made those patches to 
the resident driver. However, the whole 
program won't fit there, so I stored the re- 
mainder (about 120 bytes) in TRSDOS's 
low-memory driver area, between 0FF4 
hexadecimal (hex) and 12FF hex. A series 
of calls and jumps connects the two parts 
of the program. 

This program works only with TRSDOS 
6.2. which I chose for two reasons. First, 
6.2 is the most powerful version of Model 
4 TRSDOS; even though the upgrade 
costs money, it's worth the price. Second, 
the source code for 6.2 is available from 
Logical Systems Inc. Without the original 
code and comments, patching the resi- 
dent video driver would have been nearly 
impossible. 

I wrote the program with Radio Shack's 
ALDS editor/assembler; if you use EDAS 
or Pro-Create, you need to make the 
changes I've explained in the listing. If 
you use another assembler, you may have 
to change the form of the macro instruc- 
tion and some of the pseudo-ops. 

How the Program Works 

Program Listing 1 provides the window 
driver and the code necessary to Install it. 
Lines 570-2480 are the actual driver; the 



Circle 152 on Reader Service card. 



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cartridges not included 



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104 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



THE NEXT STEP 



remainder of the program installs the 
changes (if possible) and reports its suc- 
cess or failure. Much of the program will 
be unclear unless you have a copy of the 
TRSDOS source code with which to com- 
pare the listing, so you'll have to accept 
my word that it works. 

The Model 4's memory organization is 
fairly complex. When a program calls the 
keyboard or video driver. TRSDOS 
switches a special bank of RAM into place 
from 0F40O-0FFFF hex. TRSDOS uses 
the area from 0F400-0F7FF hex for the 
keyboard and operates similar to the 
Model I/ITI keyboard memory. The key- 
board memory doesn't concern this 
program. 

With the special bank in place. 0F800- 
0FF7F hex holds the video display. The 
system takes care of the switching, and it 
calls in the video RAM whenever TRSDOS 
activates the video driver. The system 
uses the final portion of this special mem- 
ory bank, from 0FF8O-OFFFF hex. for the 
type-ahead buffer and other storage. 

TRSDOS's standard video driver as- 
sumes that the video RAM is a continuous 
1.920 bytes of memory. To make the 
driver support windows, alter it so that it 
assumes that each video line is in contig- 
uous memory and that the top and bot- 
tom of usable video memory resides at 
any address within the normal screen. 

Therefore. I've made the first part of the 
window driver a storage area that holds 
four crucial pieces of information (lines 
650-680): the column number of the left 
edge of the current window (between zero 
and 79). the beginning and ending abso- 
lute addresses of the current window, and 
the length of each display line in the win- 
dow. The driver need only hold the ad- 
dresses of the top left corner and bottom 
right corner of the window. But by storing 
the left-hand column of the window and 
the length of each line, the program 
avoids having to continually recalculate 
those values. The extra storage bytes use 
less memory than that required to do the 
calculations. 

The remainder of the program com- 
prises the patches necessary to make the 
video driver handle the screen or window 
on a line-by-line basis. I had to modify the 
routines that move the cursor back a 
space (CRSBKSP and CRSBK). forward a 
space (CRSFWRD). up or down a line 
(MOVCRS). clear to the end of a line 
(CLREOL). clear to the end of the screen 
(CLREOF), scroll the screen, and process 
a line feed character. 

Part of the program resides in the low 
memory driver area, and part is patched 
over the original video driver. The instal- 
lation section of the program (beginning 
at line 2580) checks to make sure that suf- 
ficient low memory exists. If so. it changes 
all absolute addresses in the program that 



Listing 1 continued 












B1S7B 






CALL 


CHK LN_END 


;End of line? 


BIB 80 






RET 


NC 




;No — return 


81090 


IRSFHWD2 




LD 


HL.80D 




;Screen line size 


81100 






ADD 


HL,DE 




;Add to cursor pos'n 


01110 






EX 


DE.HL 




(Position in DE 


31120 






CALL 


CRSBOL 




;.".ove to beginning of line 


01130 






JP 


0CC4H 




;Test for end of frame 


01140 














■1151 


SCROLL 




LD 


DE, (SCR. 


TOP) 


.-Point DE to beginning of screen 


01160 


REL2 




EQU 


S-2 






B117B 


SCR1 




LD 


HL,80 




.•Screen line length 


01180 






ADD 


HL,DE 




;HL= DE + one line 


01190 






PUSH 


HL 




;Save for later 


01200 






LD 


BC, (SCR 


END) 


;Get end of window 


01210 


REL3 




EQU 


S-2 






01220 






DEC 


3C 




(Adjust for check 


• 1231 






OR 


A 




;Clear C-Plag 


01240 






SBC 


HL,BC 




;Past end of window? 


01250 






JR 


NCSCR OUT 


;Yes — done 


01260 






POP 


HL 




j Recover value 


B1273 






PUSH 


HL 




,-Save again 


012B0 






LD 


BC, (SCR 


.LINE) 


jGet line length 


01290 


REL4 




EQU 


S-2 






01300 






INC 


BC 




/Make true length 


01310 






LDIR 






;Kove line up 


01320 






POP 


DE 




.•Beginning of next line 


01330 






JR 


SCR1 




;Do it again 


01340 


SCR OUT 




FOF 


HL 




.•Clear off tr.e stacx 


013S0 






POP 


HL 






01360 






CALL 


CRSBOL 




;Move tc beginning of line 


01370 






JP 


CLREOL 




; Erase to end of line 


01380 














01390 


DVR LEN 




EQU 


S-DVR S 


'ART 


; End of low-r.er.ory usage 


01400 
01410 
01420 














; Patcf 


es to 


the *DQ 


Drivu — 


Since 


it doesn't move, no relocation 


B143B 


; is n« 


eded . 










B1440 














•1451 


; Each 


patch 


ha:; the 


beginning 


add re: 


s, i of bytes to patch, and 


B1460 


; then 


the bytes to 


patch in. 






0147B 


























014b0 














■14 M 


PATCH. 1 




DW 


•BFCB 




; Patch CRSBOL 


B1508 






D3 


3 






01510 






JP 


CRSB0L2 




;To extension 


01520 


; 












01530 


PATCH 2 




DW 


0C0^H 




; Patch CRSHOME 


01540 






DB 


3 






0155C 






CALL 


PT_DE_T 


)P 


Lishnq 1 confirmed 



Circle 103 on Reader Service card. 



BRICKWARE 






^ 




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Investor III™ is a comprehensive software package that 
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and is flexible enough to allow you to vary a number 
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(214) 239-6085 
$249.00 Suggested Retail 
Making dollars and sense 
out of Information. 
80 Micro, June 1985 • 105 



Now available 
at Radio Shack 
stores through 
Express Order 
Software Pro- 
gram. 



THE NEXT STEP 



Listing I continued 












01560 


• 












01570 


PATCH 3 


DW 


0C23H 




; Patch CRSBKSP 




01580 




DB 


8 








01590 




LD 


HL, (SCR_ 


TOP) 


;P/u top of screen 




01600 


REL5 


EQU 


$-2 








01610 




SBC 


HL.DE 




(Still on screen? 




01620 




JP 


CRSBK 




;Jump to extension 




01630 


REL6 


EQU 


S-2 








01640 


t 












01650 


PATCH 4 


DW 


0C34H 




; Patch HOVCRS 




01660 




DB 


8 








01670 




JP 


HOVCRS 




; Go to extension 




01680 


REL7 


EQU 


S-2 








01690 


1 












01700 




LD 


DK, (SCR 


TOP) 


;PT_DE TOP Routine 




01710 


REL8 


EQU 


$-2 








01720 




RET 










01730 


1 












01740 


PATCH5 


DW 


0CBBH 




j Patch CRSFRWD 




01750 




DB 


3 








01760 




JP 


AT_END 








01770 


REL9 


BOO 


$-2 








01780 


I 












01790 


PATCH 6 


DW 


0CC4H 




(Patch CRSFRW0 




01800 




DB 


8 








01810 




LD 


HL, (SCR_END) 


)P/u end of screen 




01820 


REL10 


EQU 


$-2 








01830 




SBC 


HL,DE 




;Off screen? 




01840 




JP 


CRSFRWD] 




iJuap to extension 




01850 


REL11 


EQU 


5-2 








01860 


1 












018/0 


PATCH 7 


DW 


0CCEH 




/Patch DO_SCROLL 




01860 




DB 


37 








01890 




JP 


SCROLL 




/Use new scroll 




01900 


REL12 


EQU 


5-2 








01910 














01920 




CALL 


GET_END 




|CHK_LM_END Routine 




01930 




OR 


A 




/Clear C-Flag 




01940 




SBC 


HL,DE 




)Over the end? 




01950 




RET 










01960 


; 












019/0 




PUSH 


DE 




;GET_EMD routine 




01980 




CALL 


CRSBOL 




jHove to beginning of line 




01990 




LD 


IIL, (SCR 


.LINE) 


;P/u line length - 1 




02000 


REL13 


EQU 


5-2 








02010 




ADD 


HL,DE 




; End-of-line addr. in HL 




02020 




POP 


DE 








02030 




RET 










02040 


1 












02050 




CALL 


GET_EMD 




/CLREOL1 Routine 

Listing J 


continued 



refer to the low-memory modules and 
then transfers those modules to the low- 
memory driver area. 

Next, the program makes the necessary 
patches to the resident video driver by 
transferring each patch section separately 
to the necessary locations. Finally, it re- 
ports that it has made the changes and 
indicates the address where the table of 
video parameters resides. Write down 
that address to use with the test program 
(see Program Listing 2). 

After you assemble and run Listing 1 , 
you should see no immediate change in 
the screen display. To define a screen 
window, you must change the values in 
the video parameter table and then move 
the cursor inside the new window. The 
demonstration program in Listing 2 lets 
you test the window driver. 

Listing 2 prompts you for the coordi- 
nates of the upper left and lower right 
corners of the window you want to de- 
fine, sets the video parameters correctly, 
and then turns on inverse video for the 
window you have selected. Before run- 
ning Listing 2. reset the value in line 70 
to the address displayed when you in- 
stalled the window driver. 

After you define a window, you can re- 
turn to TRSDOS and all programs that 
use the normal DOS display routines will 
be restricted to the window you've de- 
fined. However, programs that transfer 



uircle 2bb on Header S« 



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THE NEXT STEP 



buffers or lines directly to the screen 
with the @VDCTL supervisor call (SVC) 
will ignore your window. For example. 
Debug will stay inside the window but 
the LSFEDII/CMD file editor program 
will not. 

With the window driver resident, the 
TRSDOS scroll-protect function won't 
work. I disabled that function to avoid the 
hangup that would occur if more lines 
were protected from scrolling than were 
available in the window. 

The only program I've found so far that 
is incompatible with the video driver (oth- 
ers probably exist) is LeScript. which ap- 
parently uses part of the video driver plus 
its own code to handle screen displays. 
Other programs may do likewise. The 
window driver remains active until you 
reboot the system, so if you want to run a 
program that objects to the windows, 
you'll have to reset the computer. 

The window driver is complete in List- 
ing 1, but you need both user and pro- 
gram interfaces to make full use of it. I'll 
show you how to write and install those 
next month. ■ 

Contact Hardin Brothers through 
CompuServe (leave your messages on 
section zero of the WESIG message 
board), or write to him at 280 JV. Cam- 
pus Ave.. Upland. CA 91 786. 



Listing I cont 


Min'd 










02063 




LD 


C,' ' 




;Get a space to clear with 


02070 CLRE0L2 


CALL 


put e 




.•Normalize I print it 


02080 




INC 


DE 




;Point to next space 


02090 




PUSH 


HL 




;Save End-of-line addr. 


02103 




SBC 


HL,DE 




;Are we there yet? 


02110 




POP 


HL 




/Recover E-O-L addr. 


02120 




JK 


NC.CLRE0L2 


; Loop until done 


02130 




POP 


DE 




,- Recover cursor addr. 


02140 




PET 








02150 ; 












02160 PATCH8 


DN 


0D0AH 




; Patch LINFEED 


02170 




DB 


6 






1 2 IBB 




LD 


HL,(SCR_ 


END) 


;P/u end of window 


02190 REL14 


EQU 


S-2 






02200 




SBC 


HL,DE 




;Past it? 


02210 




DB 


3 8H 




; Change JR Z to JR C 


02220 ; 












2230 PATCH 9 


nw 


0D13H 




;Patch CLREOL Routine 


02240 




DB 


10 






02250 




JP 


CLRE0L1 




;Jump to extension 


02260 ; 












02270 




LD 


A, (LEFT 


.COL) 


;CRSB0L2 Routine 


02280 REL15 


EC": 


3-2 






02290 




LD 


L,A 




;Move left column to L 


02300 




JP 


RC 2 ADDR 


;Hake into addr. and return 


02310 












02320 PATCH10 


DW 


0D1FH 




/Patch CLREOF Routine 


02330 




DB 


23 






02340 CLRE0F1 


PUSH 


DE 




;Save cursor position 


02350 




CALL 


CLREOL 




,-Clear to end of this line 


02360 




I.D 


HL.80D 




;One screen line 


02370 




POi 


DE 




.•Recover cursor addr. 


02380 




ADD 


HL.DE 




;Get addr. of next line 


02390 




EX 


DE.HL 




; into DE 


02400 




LD 


HL,(SCR END) 


; End of window? 


02410 REL16 


EO' 


$-2 






02420 




OK 


A 




;Clear C-Flag 


02430 




SBC 


HL.DE 




;Test for end 


02440 




JR 


C,CLRF_ 


DUT 


;Yes — leave 


02450 




CALL 


CRSBOL 




.•Cursor to beginning of line 


02460 




JR 


CLREOF1 




;Repeat until done 


02470 CLRF OUT 


N' P 






;Cover up old bytes 


02480 




NC P 








02490 
02500 
02510 






















02520 


Move 


everything i 


to place» 


then 


return to TRSDOS 


02530 












02540 


Start 


by installing low-memory e 


•tensions if there's room 


02550 










Listing J continued 



Circle 496 on Reader Service card. 



Communications Gap? LETS TALK ! 



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THE NEXT STEP 



C ■ > 4113 - 



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Circle 227 on Reader Service card. 



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80 Micro, June 1985 • 109 



SPREADSHEET BEAT 



Formatting Multiplan Files 
Smoother Than SYLK 



by David A. Williams 

As with any program, spreadsheets 
should offer you some way to docu- 
ment the data in your file. Most spread- 
sheets provide a way to do this, but they 
generally only document column and row 
labels. Multiplan is no exception. 

You would probably find it more useful 
to have a record of spreadsheet cell names, 
cell formats, cell formulas, and column 
widths. I've written a program that pro- 
vides this information for Multiplan files. 

Multiplan's symbolic link file format 
(SYLK) offers a complete worksheet rec- 
ord, and it's great for linking Multiplan 
with applications programs. However, de- 
ciphering its printouts is difficult (see Fig. 
1). My program. Documentcr. takes SYLK 
files and prints them out in an easy-to- 
read, permanent format (see Fig. 2). 

Documentcr runs on the Model 4 with 
Multiplan 1.06 and on the Models 1000 
and 1200 with Multiplan 1.2. 

Figure 1 represents Multiplan's SYLK 
file format; Fig. 2 is its Documenter ver- 
sion. I've suppressed the Multiplan labels 
and separated the other information into 
four categories: cell names, cell formats, 
cell formulas, and column widths. You 
can print any combination of these by 
making the appropriate selection from 
Documentcr's printout menu (see Fig. 3). 

To use my program, enter Basic and 
load Documenter. Documenter prompts 
you for the name of a Multiplan file, which 
must be in the SYLK format. It loads the 
file, pnx'esses it. displays the printout 
menu, and waits for you to choose options. 

How Documenter Works 

The Multiplan manual explains the 
SYLK format in detail. Multiplan uses 
codes to identify the different kinds of in- 
formation in the file. Documenter uses 
these codes to separate data into the four 
categories mentioned above. 

As Documenter reads a file, it processes 
and stores data in the array MPS. Think of 
this array as a table of five columns. The 
first column Is the row and column loca- 
tion associated with the data in the other 
four columns. If the data is global, column 
one is blank. The second column contains 
cell names, the third holds formats, the 




20 
30 
40 
58 
60 
7 
80 
90 

100 
110 
120 
130 
140 
158 
168 
178 
180 
190 
200 
218 
2.0 
2 30 
-40 

250 
260 
278 

280 

2 90 

3 00 
310 
320 
330 
340 
358 
360 
370 

3 30 

3 90 
40 
410 
420 
430 
440 
450 
460 
470 

4 Be 



Program Listing. Documenter. 

'Program to strip Multiplan data from SYLK format files 
CLS : CLEAR : DIM MPS (600 ,5) 



LINE INPUT "Input Filename of Multiplan 

OPEN "I", 1, FILENMES 

LINE INPUTI 1, WDS 

IF WDS ■= "E* THEN CLOSE : GOTO 4 90 
TYPES = LEFT$(WDS,INSTR(WDS,";")-1) 
IF TYPES - "C" THEN GOTO 3 80 ELSE Z = 
IF TYPES = "NN" THEN GOTO 140 
IF TYPES = "F" THEN GOTO 210 

GOTO 50 



File..."; FILENMES 



'Print Routine 



'Formula Routine 
'Name Routine 
'Format Routine 



'Name Routine 

DS - RIGHTS(WDS,LEN(WDS}-4) 'Strip first four characters 

MPS (COUNT, 2) = LEFTS(DS,INSTR(DS,";")-1) 'Save name 

MPS(C0UNT,1) = RIGHTS(DS,LEN(DS)-INSTR(DS,"j")-l) 'Location 

COUNT = COUNT + 1 

GOTO 50 

'Format Routine 

IF MIDS(WDS,3,1) = "X" OR MIDS(WDS,3,1) = "Y" THEN GOSUB 300 

MPS(COUNT.l) = RWS ♦ COLS 'Save location 

IF MIDS(WDS,3,1) <> "W" THEN GOTO 250 

MPS(C0UNT,5) = RIGHTS(WDS,LEN(WDS)-2) : GOTO 260 'Save width 

MPS(C0UNT,3) = RIGHTS (WDS, LEN (WDS) -INSTR( 2, WDS, "F") ) 'Format 

COUNT = COUNT * 1 

GOTO 50 

' Row/Col Routine 

IF MIDSIWDS,3,1) - "X" THEN 320 

RWS = "R" ♦ MIDS(WDS,4,INSTR(4,WDS,";")-4) 'Update row number 

X * INSTR(WDS,*X*) : IF X - OR X > 8 THEN RETURN 

SC • INSTR(X,WDS,";*) 

COLS ■= "C* + MIDS(WDS,X + 1,SC-X-1) 'Update column number 

RETURN 

'Formula Routine 

GOSUB 300 'Update row, column numbers 

K - INSTR(WDS,";K"] : S * INSTR(WDS , " ;S*] 

IF S>0 AND K>0 AND 2-1 THEN MPS (COUNT, 4) «" * + CHRS(34) : 

FS = INSTR(WDS,"E") + 1 : FL - INSTR ( FS ,WDS , " ; ") - FS 

IF INSTR<WDS,";E') - THEN Z-0 : GOTO 50 

MPS1C0UNT.4) - MIDS(WDS,FS,FL) 'Save Formula 

MPS(COUNT.l) ■= RWS + COLS 'Save location 

COUNT = COUNT + 1 : 2-1 

GOTO 50 



'Print Routine 



lusting confirmed 



1 10 • 60 Micro, June 1985 



SPREADSHEET BEAT 



ID;PMP 

P;D$BG18 

F;W1 1 20 

P;W2 4 12 

P;W6 6 12 

P;PGBD;C7 

F;PGBD;C8 

F)PGBD;C4 

F;FDBC;R2 

F|FDBC;R3 

B;Y8;X8 

NN;NInitval>ER4z6C2 

NN;NRate;ER4:6C4 

NN ; NPresval ; ER4 x 6C6 

NN ; NDay 8 ; ER4 : 1 5C7 1 8 

NN;Ndate;ERlC3 

NN;NInitdate j ER4 « 6C3 

NN;Ntotval;ER8C5 

C;Y2;Xl;K-lnstitution" 

C;X2;K"Initial" 

C;X3;K"lnitial" 

C;X4;K"Intereaf 

C;X5;K*Maturity" 

C;X6;K"Pre8ent" 

C;X7;K-Month" 

CfX8;K"Days" 

C;Y3;X2;K"Value p 

C;X3;K"Date" 

C;X4;K'Rate" 

C;X5;K"Date" 

C;X6;K"Value p 

C|Y4;EIF(lnitval>B,lnitval* 

Ul + (Rate*B.Bl/365)) 

"(Initval+Presval) ) ,"") ;D;K" 
C;Y5;S;R4;C6;K" 
C;Y6;S;K"" 
C;Y4;X7;K1 
C;X8;KB 
F;Y5;X1;PIBC 
C;X7;K2 
C;X8;K31 
C)Y6;X7;K3 
CjX8;K59 

CjY7;X2;ESUM(Initval) ;K0 
CjX4;ESUM(Rl-3]C:R[-l]C) ;KB 
C;X5;ER[-2]C-R[-1]C;KB 
C;X6;ESUM(Presval);KB 
C;X7;K4 
C;X8;K90 

C>Y8;X5jER[-l]C[-l]*R[-l]C;Kfl 

C;X7;K5 

C;X8;K12B 

WjNljAl 1 

B 



Figure 1 . Printout of a Multiplan sym- 
bolic link (SYLK) file format. 



Multiplan 


File 


sample/sl 


(a) Names 






R4:6C2 




Initval 


R4:6C4 




Rate 


R4:6C6 




Presval 


R4:15C7:8 




Days 


R1C3 




date 


R4:6C3 




Initdate 


R8C5 




totval 


(b) Formats 




F;D$BG18 

GBD;C7 

G0D;C8 

GBD)R2 

DBC;R2 

D8C;R3 


R5C1 




IBC 


(c) Formulas 






R4C6 




IP(Initval>8, 
((l+Rate*B.01/ 
Initval* 
365)) "(initval 
+Presval) ) ,"•) 


R5C6 




■ 


R6C6 




■ 


R7C2 




SUM (Initval) 


R7C4 




3UM(R[-3]C:R[-1]C) 


R7C5 




R[-2]C-R[-1JC 






3UH( Presval) 


R8C5 




i'[-UC[-l]*R[-l]C 


(d) Column Widths 








Wl 1 2B 






W2 4 12 






W6 5 12 


Figure 2. Documenter version of the 


file shown in 


Fig. 


1. 



Print 


Multiplan 


Names 


(1) 






Formats 


(2) 






Formulas 


(3) 






Widths 


(4) 






Quit 


(5) 






Pick One 




Figure 3. Documenter's menu. 



VAL(IS)+1 



Listing continued 

491 lines =3 : PLAG-0 

50 B CLS 

510 PRINT i PRINT : PRINT "Print Multiplan Names (1) 

520 PRINT ■ Formats (2)' 

530 PRINT ■ Formulas (3)" 

540 PRINT ' Widths (4)* 

550 PRINT ■ Quit (5)" 

560 PRINT : PRINT ■ Pick One "t 

570 1$ - INKEYS : IF IS - " THEN GOTO 570 ELSE PICK 

580 CLS 

590 IF PICK-6 THEN END 

600 IF FLAG-1 THEN 650 'Don't repeat message 

610 PRINT : PRINT "Adjust paper to top of form, <ENTER>" 

620 I5-INKEYS : IP IS - "" THEN GOTO 620 

630 LPRINT "Multiplan File ";FILENMES : LPRINT : LPRINT 

640 FLAG - 1 

650 ON PICK - 1 GOTO 660, 670, 6 80, 6 90 

660 LPRINT "Names" : GOTO 700 

670 LPRINT "Formats" : GOTO 700 

680 LPRINT "Formulas" : GOTO 700 

690 LPRINT "Column Widths" 

700 LPRINT : LINES-LINES+2 

710 FOR N » TO COUNT - 1 

720 IF MPS(N,PICK) « "" THEN 820 

730 LPRINT MPS(N,1) , 'Print location 

740 IF LEN(MPS(N,PICK))>63 THEN 760 

750 LPRINT MPS(N,PICK) : LINES - LINES + 

760 LPRINT LEFTS(MPS(N, PICK) ,60) 

770 IF LEN(MPS(N,PICK)) >123 THEN 790 

780 LPRINT " ", MIDS(MPS(N, PICK) ,61,63) 

790 LPRINT " ", MIDS(MPS(N, PICK) ,61,60) 

800 LPRINT " ", MIDS(MPS(N, PICK) ,121,63) : LINES - LINES +3 

818 IF LINES > 53 THEN LPRINT STRINGS (65-LINES , 13) : LINES = 

820 NEXT 

830 IP LINES<48 THEN LPRINT STRINGS* 2, 13) : LINES=LINES+3 i GOI 

840 LPRINT STRINGS(65-LINES,13) : LINES-0 'Advance page 

850 GOTO 500 



GOTO 81 t 



LINES-LINES+2 



fourth lists formulas, and the fifth defines 
column widths. 

Four subroutines separate the desired 
data and keep track of the row-column lo- 
cation. The rest of the program formats 
the printed output. 

Documenter Output 

Multiplan stores eel] names (Fig. 2a) 
in the order in which you originally en- 
tered them and Documenter lists them in 
this order. 

The first cell format listed (Fig. 2b), 
represents the default cell format. In this 
case, the format code is "$," the number- 
of-digits argument is "0." the alignment 
code is "G" or general, and the default col- 
umn width is 10. The next five formats ap- 
ply to entire columns or rows as indicated 
and the final one applies only to cell R5C 1 . 

Documenter generally lists formulas 
(Fig. 2c) in order by rows, but there may be 
exceptions. In any case the location is al- 
ways listed. Documenter indents the over- 
flow from long formulas. When you use 
the Copy Down or Copy Right command 
to duplicate formulas. Multiplan does not 
repeat the formulas, but only stores a ref- 
erence to the original cell. Documenter de- 
tects this and prints ditto marks in these 
locations. 

In the column widths section (Fig. 2d), 
column 1 is 20 characters wide, and col- 
umns 2-4 and column 6 are 12 wide. Col- 
umn widths that equal the default width 
are not listed.! 

Write to David A. Williams at 2452 
Chase Circle. Clearwater. FL 33546. 

Submit your template to Spreadsheet 
Beat, do 80 Micro, 80 Pine St.. Peter- 
borough. NH 03458. We'll pay $50 for 
each one we publish. We'll also publish 
any valuable hints and patches you'd 
like to share. 



Circle 207 on Reader Service card 



MEMOREX 

FLEXIBLE DISCS 

WE WILL NOT BE UNDER- 
SOLDfl Call Free (800)235-4137 

for prices and information. Dealer 
inquiries invited and CO.D.'s 
accepted 




PACIFIC 
EXCHANGES 

100 Foothill Blvd 
San Luis Obispo. CA 
93401 In Cat call 
(800)592-5935 or 
43-1037 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 111 



micro's List of Advertisers 



Reactor Service Number 



Pag* 



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374 ALPS 47 

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383 Astro-Star 69 

270 Avanti Associates 120 

152 BC Compco 104 

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381 Bodex 65. 68 

256 Borg Industries 35 

388 Business Utility Software 101 

419 Clay Watts Software 70 

86 Compulogic 26 

34 Computer Center, The 58, 101 

133 Computer Discount ot America 26 
357 Computer Friends 52 

18 Computer Plus 83 

239 D&A Research 70 

78 Data Cover 101 

539 Desert Sound 69 

282 DFW Computer Center 42. 123 

367 Digital Images 95 

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62 Displayed Video 99 

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216 EAP Company 53 

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Grafyx Solution™ sove $10000 

High-Resolution Grophics for Mod 4/4P/III 




Superior Hardware. The Grafyx 
Solution provides 153,600 pixel elements 
which are arranged in a 640 x 240 or on 
the Model III a 512 x 192 matrix. Hundreds 
of new business, personal, engineering, and 
educational applications are now possible. 
The hires display can be shown on top of 
the standard display containing text, special 
characters, and block graphics. This 
simplifies program debugging, text labeling, 
and upgrading current programs to use 
graphics. The Grafyx Solution fits complete- 
ly within any tape or disk based Model 4, 
4P, or III. Installation is easy with the 
plug-in, clip-on board 



Superior Basic. Over 20 commands 
are added to the Basic language. These 
commands will set, clear or complement 
points, lines, boxes, circles, ellipses, or 
arcs. The hires screen can be printed on 
any of 20 popular printers or saved or 
loaded to disk without leaving Basic. Areas 
may be filled in with any of 256 patterns. 
Sections of the screen may be saved and 
then put back using any of five logical 
functions. Labels can be printed in any 
direction. The viewing area can be 
changed. The entire screen can be 
complemented or cleared. Graphics Basic 
provides dot densities of 640 x 240, 320 
x 240, 160 x 240, and 160 x 120, all of 
which can be used in the same display. 





Superior Software. The board 
comes with over 40 programs and files 
which make it easier to use, serve as 
practical applications, demonstrate its 
capabilities, and serve as programming 
examples. The software works with 
TRSDOS 1.3, 6.1.2, 6.2, LDOS, NEW- 
DOS80, and DOSPLUS. The Grafyx 
Solution is also supported by a number of 
optional applications programs: Draw, 
Bizgraph, xT.CAD, 3D-Plot, Mathplot, 
Surface Plot, Biorhythm & USA, Music. 

The Grafyx Solution package is 
shipped complete for $199.95 (reduced 
from $299.95). A manual for review is $15. 
Payment may be by check, Visa/MC, or 
COD. Domestic shipping is free on pre-paid 
orders. Texas residents add 5'/ K % tax. 

Micro-Labs, Inc. 214235-0915 

902 Pinecrest, Richardson, Texas 75080 



REVIEWS 



Continued from p. 34 

Stay in Touch 

With Remote Control 

by Thomas L. Quindry 

• •••* 

Remote Control runs on the Models 
1000 and 1200 (128K) under MS-DOS 
2.X. It requires one disk drive. Kensing- 
ton Microware Ltd.. 251 Park Ave. S.. 
New York. NY 10010. 212-457-5200. 
$180. 

Easy to use: ***** 
Good docs: * * • • it 
Bug free: * * • • •& 

Does the job: • • • • • 

Portable computers are great for on- 
the-go beeping, but their virtue has 
also been their limitation: Because 
they're portable, they lack some of your 
desktop's features. Kensington Micro- 
ware's Remote Control provides a solu- 
tion: It lets you access a Model 1000/ 
1 200 with a Model 100 from a remote site 
and use the MS-DOS machines' heavy- 
duty capabilities, like disk storage and 
printer and DOS functions. Back home, 
you can establish a direct link between 
the 100 and 1000 for high-speed file 
transfer. 

In addition, you can use Remote Con- 
trol on your 1000 to get Model 100-like 
telecommunications and text editing 
capabilities. 

I found Remote Control a useful exten- 
sion to the Model 100 for both the novice 
and expert. And its functional similarity 
to the Model 100's text editing and tele- 
communications programs means you 
don't have to learn many new commands. 

Functions 

Remote Control provides four pro- 
grams: a host feature, where the 1000 acts 
as host to a remote Model 100 so you can 
upload and download text files, print hard 
copy at the host site, and execute DOS 
commands: a fast file transfer system to 
move files between your 100 and 1000; 
telecommunications capability: and a 
Model 1000 text editing program like the 
one on the 100. 

To use Remote Control, you insert the 
program disk in your MS-DOS computer 
and boot it up. You'll see a main menu 
with selections for the four modes listed 
above, plus options to configure the 
MS-DOS system, return to DOS. or call a 
help file. 

You should first run the configuration 
program to set up telecommunications 
and text editing parameters on your Model 
1000. You can set up different com- 
munications ports on the 1000 as the 
modem and the RS-232 port, and use 



You can establish a 
link between the 
100 and lOOOfor high- 
speed file transfer. 



autodialing parameters compatible with 
the Hayes Smartmodem. You can also 
define defaults, such as a Host log-on 
password. 

The Host Mode 

The Host mode requires an auto-an- 
swer modem (like the Hayes Smart- 
modem) with the capability to respond to 
a hang-up signal. Your Model 1000 must 
have Remote Control running when you 
make the phone connection, and you 
must enter a five-character password to 
get on-line. Several commands (includ- 
ing Help) are available remotely. The 
main purpose of the Host mode is for up- 
loading and downloading files, but it also 
allows direct DOS access. 

I was a little nervous about this. I don't 
mind limited access to one disk in a com- 
puter, but the Host program gives you (or 
any caller who successfully makes the 
connection) complete access to all files. 
An unauthorized user could easily wipe 
out the files of a complete hard drive. 
Still, there is a security measure. The 
Host program will hang up the phone af- 
ter four unsuccessful password attempts. 

Pile Transfer 

You upload and download files at high 
speed through the RS-232 ports of both 
computers using the supplied null mo- 
dem cable. Remote Control supports file 
transfers at up to 9.600 baud. Due to pro- 
gramming delays, however, I found the 
difference between 9.600- and 4.800- 
baud transfer negligible. In addition, 
spurious control characters entered my 
text when I used 9.600 baud. 

The cable transfer program isn't as 
useful as the Host mode program, but it's 
faster. You have to control both the 100 
and MS-DOS keyboards with the cable 
program, but you can operate the Host 
mode with only a Model 1 00. 

Remote Control's null modem cable is 
only 3 feet long, hardly long enough to 
plug into my IBM PC and bring the Model 
100 in front where I could see the IBM PC 
screen. A 5-foot cable would be more 
desirable. 

I had a lot of trouble keeping the null 
cable plugged into the 100. Two clips 
that hold the connector hood on the cable 
don't provide enough clearance to fit in 
the cutout space on the 100. 

I solved this by bolting the connector 



hood together with two *4 nuts and ma- 
chine screws. Also, the connector that 
plugs into the 100 only has pins for those 
wires that it uses (nine of the 25 pins). 
This hardly provides enough grip to keep 
the connector firmly attached. When the 
connector fell off, the PC would lock up 
with a parity check error. 

Telecommunications 

Remote Control's Telcom for the Model 
1000 uses the same commands as the 
Model 100. It also includes parameters 
for 1.200-baud communications, a docu- 
ment filter toggle key (to eliminate un- 
wanted end-of-line characters), a key to 
change the current default directory, and 
a key to configure the remote control pro- 
grams without breaking from the ter- 
minal mode. 

Text Editor 

Remote Control's Model 1000 text 
editor is similar to that on the 100. but 
with added features to format text for 
printouts. In addition, the editor has a 
find-and-replace feature, a "whoops" 
function (to restore inadvertently deleted 
text), printer or screen format commands, 
and several text formatting commands. 

Though Remote Control provides de- 
fault values for the usual formatting re- 
quirements, you can enter your own com- 
mands to customize your final printout. 
You can control top. bottom, left, and right 
margins: centering and indentation; line 
spacing: titles: and page numbers. A com- 
mand also tests a page and forces a form 
feed if fewer than a set number of lines re- 
main: you can use this to force a form feed 
from anywhere on the page. too. 

Documentation 

The manual for Remote Control is quite 
extensive, with over 200 medium-sized 
pages. One-third of the manual is specific 
to the 100. and another third is specific to 
the NEC PC-8201A computer. 

The manual is split into four sections. 
The first is a tutorial that provides some 
examples of the Remote Control program. 
Next is a user guide that discusses each 
part of the program and how to use it. A 
reference section gives specific details 
about features or commands. Appendixes 
cover support topics, a glossary, an index, 
and program installation. 

Copy Protection 

One drawback to Remote Control is that 
it's distributed on a protected disk. You 
can copy programs from the master disk 
but you have to have the master disk in 
drive A to run it. Remote Control reads an 
oddly formatted sector or track before the 
program will work. This is similar to other 
MS-DOS protection schemes, like the one 
on Lotus 1-2-3.B 



80 Micro, June 1985 -113 



EXPRESS CHECKOUTS 







Electric Desk 

*••• 

Electric Desk runs on the Tandy 
1000/1200 (256K) and requires MS-DOS 
2.X. Alpha Software Corp.. 30 B Street. 
Burlington. MA 01803. 617-229-2924. 
$295. 

Model 1000 owners who like Desk- 
Mate's integration and want a boost in 
power should consider Electric Desk. 
The program includes a data base, word 
processor, telecommunications, and 
spreadsheet. 

Electric Desk presents a main menu 
along the screen bottom and a row of ap- 
plications-specific macros at the top. You 
have to open Electric Desk's modules be- 
fore you can use them. Once you do so 
and load them into memory, the program 
makes no further disk input/output. 

On the down side, the program op- 
erates entirely in RAM and gobbles 
memory. On a 256K Model 1000 (the 
minimum). I ran out of memory after 
loading three one-page documents. You 
would need at least 384K to fully use the 
program's integrated functions. 

Given enough memory, you can open 
up to 30 modules (nine data bases, nine 
documents, nine spreadsheets, two com- 
munication services, and a Help file). 

The Document module is a simple 
word processor that's best suited for 
short text The program lacks an easy 
way to Indent and it deletes in blocks 
only. The cut-and-paste feature saves 
marked text to a buffer, and lets you 
make multiple insertions. You can also 
use the buffer to transfer data among 
modules. 

The data base module automatically 
saves changes when you exit it. It also in- 
dexes and saves records alphabetically 
by field for sequential searches. You can 
also make random searches using rela- 
tional symbols. 

The spreadsheet provides a 255- by 
255-cell grid with cell references in 
row/column format. The program identi- 
fies cells automatically, depending on 
whether the first character entered is a 
mathematical operator, a letter, or a nu- 
meric value. You can create formulas with 
the Point function and special macro keys 
by pointing to cells or ranges of cells, 
rather than by typing in locations. 

The CommunicaUons module uses log- 
in scripts created on the word processor. 
Macro keys set up communications, call 



Express Checkouts provides capsule 
reviews of Interesting new products, 
new releases of old software, and prod- 
ucts for computers we do not cover ex- 
tensively In our regular review section. 



a log-in script, send and receive files, and 
disconnect the modem. 

Electric Desk's function and cursor 
movement keys remain the same across 
applications, and you can get from one 
application to another without waiting 
for disk I/O. The package lacks the graph- 
ics capabilities of more sophisticated in- 
tegrated software, but at $295 It's half 
the price of Symphony. 



Robert Mitchell 



Overdrive 

*••* 

Overdrive runs on the Model 4/4 P 
(128K) and requires TRSDOS 6.2. Log- 
ical Systems Inc.. 8970 N. 55th St.. P.O. 
Box 23956. Milwaukee. WI 53223. 414- 
355-5454. $99. 

If you're looking for faster disk input/ 
output (I/O) and have a 128K 4/4P run- 
ning TRSDOS 6.2. Overdrive can help. 
Overdrive loads disk data and some of 
TRSDOS's system modules into your al- 
ternate 64K memory (also called buffered 
memory), eliminating disk I/O and speed- 
ing up program execution. 

When you call for data off a disk. Over- 
drive reads the entire data track into al- 
ternate memory. From then on. your sys- 
tem accesses any data almost instantly. 
This greatly enhances access to sequen- 
tial data files and system overlays. 

Overdrive uses one bank of alternate 
memory for each drive you buffered, with 
a bank of memory defined as 32K in 
length. You can buffer only two out of the 
Model 4/4P's four possible drives because 
of Overdrives 64K limit. 

The buffered memory uses 16K for the 
drive buffer and another 16K for system 
overlays. It also uses approximately 400 
bytes of resident memory for the disk 
driver. 

You can install Overdrive on one or 
both drives or you can reserve the mem- 
ory for later use. If you decide to use TRS- 
DOS 6.X's Mcmdisk. you can only buffer 
one bank of memory. 

Since your system stores random files 
on disk in scattered order, reading an en- 
tire track into buffered memory would be 
ineffective and might actually slow down 
the system. Therefore, you should dis- 
able Overdrives buffer when you access 
random flics. 

You need to take some precautions 
with Overdrive. First, you should disable 
all buffered drives before you invoke the 
System command. Second, if you use the 
LS-DiskDisk driver, you can't buffer both 
the outer and inner drive at the same 
time or the system will hang up. 

I found Overdrive easy to learn. While 
the documentation consists of only four 
pages, it's precise and clear in explaining 
its use. 



However. I would like to have seen two 
other features with Overdrive: the ability 
to speed up the acquisition of random- 
access files, and the ability to use library 
commands like Directory to take advan- 
tage of the increase in speed. 

— David L. Engelhardt 

Etch-A-Mouse 

• ••• 

Etch-A-Mouse runs on the Tandy 2000 
(128K). and requires the Tandy CM-1 color 
monitor, the high-resolution graphics op- 
tion, the calendar/clock board, and the 
Digi-Mouse. Soft Horizons. RD 1 Box 432. 
State Highway 83. Cape May Court House. 
NJ 08210. $49. 

Etch-A-Mouse makes full use of the Tan- 
dy 2000's Digi-Mouse system to create col- 
or video displays in almost no time. You 
would need to spend hours programming 
to create these displays using conven- 
tional graphics techniques. 

You can draw with any of 16 colors, in 
the Select Colors option, and a setup pro- 
gram lets you set printer codes for the 
Tandy CGP-220 color printer. 

The Draw program presents you with a 
blank screen in your choice of background 
color. The status line at the bottom dis- 
plays the background color currently se- 
lected and the ln-use color (the color with 
which you're drawing). 

The cursor's response to the mouse's 
movements is excellent, without any no- 
ticeable lag. You can change the drawing 
with the buttons on the mouse. 

You use the arrow keys to lock one of 
the coordinate values (X or Y) on the 
screen. The Line. Circle. Box. and Box 
Fill commands use that mark and the 
current cursor location to define shapes' 
boundaries. You can draw the shapes' 
lines in several different widths, with sin- 
gle-pixel lines standard. 

The Paint command fills any delimited 
area with the currently selected color, 
limited to the same color as the lines 
bordering the design. 

Designs require at least 96K of memory 
per picture, due to the way the 2000 
stores video Information. 

Etch-A-Mouse's help section didn't 
work at all and hung up the program. 
Fortunately. I was able to repair It. 

I was also bothered by the lack of file se- 
curity: it was too easy to load a file over a 
current picture. The program should pro- 
vide a safety prompt. 

Otherwise, I found the graphics capa- 
bility of Etch-A-Mouse impressive; it pro- 
vides more for your dollar than other 
Model 2000 graphics software available. 

-John B. Harrell III 



114 • 60 Micro, June 1985 



189 or Reador Se-vice card 



EXPRESS CHECKOUTS 



TRSDOS 6.X 
Training Course 

• •• 

The TRSDOS 6.X Training Coarse runs 
on the Models 4/4P (64K) and requires one 
disk drive. Tandy/Radio Shack. One Tandy 
Center, Fort Worth. TX 76102. $74.95. 

The TRSDOS 6.X Training Course con- 
sists of three informational text disks and a 
brief manual. To start, you put the first disk 
in drive zero and press the reset button. 
You choose topics on TRSDOS 6.X by re- 
sponding to a series of menus and sub- 
menus. The course consists of a collection 
of short subjects, quizzes, and summaries. 
It encourages you to use the associated ex- 
ercises presented in the manual. 

The Training Course presents an ex- 
tensive number of general study areas: 
how to use the training course. TRSDOS 
components and files, system and invisi- 
ble files, file names and extensions, de- 
vice specs, passwords, part specs, com- 
mand parameters, creating and using 
simple job control language (JCL) files, 
and redirecting and filtering input and 
output. The course also covers many of 
the TRSDOS 6.X commands and util- 
ities: Directory. Attribute, Auto, Format. 
Back-up. Copy. Purge. Remove. Rename. 
Free. Library. System, Memdisk. and Do. 

While the above list seems impressive, 
the general level of detail is superficial. 
For example, in explaining the Back-up 
and Format commands, the Training 
Course covers the basics, but omits 
topics like using parameters to avoid pro- 
gram prompts, formatting and backing 
up nonsystern disks, and single drive 
back-ups by class. 

I also thought the section on device 
drivers and filters lacked detail. While 
the Training Course handled their instal- 
lation pretty well, it included no informa- 
tion on how you could automatically set 
them up with the SYSGEN command or a 
JCL file. 

Additionally, the course explains the 
System command only as it applies to 
Memdisk. The System command is also 
useful in streamlining the TRSDOS oper- 
ating system to the user's preference. 

The Training Course's extensive use of 
the Model 4's limited graphics and sound 
capabilities greatly enhances the learn- 
ing process. While the organization and 
interactive presentation is quite good, 
the bare bones attempt in covering the 
subject areas limits its usefulness. This 
course is more suited for new Model 4 
owners who have limited experience. 

— Mark D. dxxlwin 




Sales 
Company 



704 W. Michigan Ave. P.O. Box 8098 
Pensacola, FL 32505 Florida 904/438-6507 



TABCO PARALLEL Printer Switch 

connect 2 printers to one computer! 

PSM-C/2P— Manual printer switch. Prolongs 
the life of your printer/interface connectors. 
Saves time & money! Use your existing printer 
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to connect your printers. Straight-forward de- 
sign makes it easy to set-up & use. 1 year 
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Printer Switches 

Custom Printer Cables 

IJG Products 

Elephant Memory Diskettes 



Circle 176 on Reader Service card. 



FILE TRANSFER 
+ Conversion Utilities 

APPLEv IBM PC/XT, JR $129.95 

TRS CT^- Tandy 1000. 1200, 2000 . . $129.95 
CP/m"^ IBM AT $224.95 




Transfer your Apple, TRS. CP/M to the IBM PC or Compatibles. 

Transfers: (no more retyping) 

• Visicalc, Multiplan • ASCII files, data files 

• Basic. Fortran. Cobol • Word processing files 

IBM PC/XT. Jr. -^^- Tandy 2000 $129.95 

DISK Transporter transfers files back and forth, includes utilities. 

NGW Products for IBM AT Drives. 360KB - $275. 1.2MB - $450 

Hard Drive. 20MB - $1200. 40MB -$1800 

Prototype Boards & Extender 
Cards $120/ea 

■■ COMPUTER u . K n K „ 

■ ■■DDrtnil^TC High Capacity Disks 
■ ■PRODUCTS (1.2MB) $60/10 

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BM. TRS 80 & TANDY APPLE. CP/M VtSCALC. MUTPLAN ARE RESPECTIVELY REGISTERED TRADEMARKS Of INTERNATIONAL 
3USTJESS MACHNES CORP . T ANDV CORPORATION APP1! COMPUTER HC DOTAL RESfARCH INC /SCOW MCRCSOF 7 CORP 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 115 



Circle 416 on Reader Service card. 



SAVE A BUNDLE 



WITH ONE OF 
OUR BUNDLES 



We have put together special bundles of software just in time to save you a bundle of money. Didn't you ever wonder why CP/M was so 
popular? The reason is the software availability. All programs (except EP) are for the Model 4/4 P and have been optimized to install and run 
without hassle. For example, we have memory-mapped WordStar 18 and it runs circles around the standard version available elsewhere. We 
also added printer drivers for the Daisywheel II and the DMP-21 00. Our CP/M® 2.2 is the best around. Read the reviews. You know the 
programs. You know the prices. This is the years' best value. You owe it to yourself to let these CP/M® programs and thousands of others 
(many in the public domain) start serving your needs. 



Bundle 
#1 



299 



WordStar* 
MailMerge® 
SpellStar"* 
Starlndex'" iMNwrt 

Montezuma Micro CP/M' 

RETAIL VALUE $1009 



Bundle #5 



*149 

Delivered 



Electric Pencil 
Red Pencil 1 " 
,Blue Pencil 7 " 

Works with TRSDOS. NEWDOS-80 

DOSPLUS and MULTIDOS 

(Model 1.3.4) 

RETAIL VALUE $24 



Bundle 

* #2 

WordStar® 

DataStar™ 
ReportStar'" 
CalcStar™ * •** •* •* 

.Montezuma Micro CP/M® 



399 



RETAIL VALUE $1354 



WordStar* Bundle 
MailMerge® #3 

SpeUStar™ M -^^^ 

' Starlndex ~ $499 

i 1£2£L. TSSmt 

ReportStar 
.CalcStar 1 " 

Montezuma Micro CP/M® 

RETAIL VALUE $1699 



Save A Bundle on these books and disks 

Take advantage of our volume discounts. Buy any three items from this list and deduct $5 from 
your total order. Buy four, deduct $10. Buy five, deduct $15 Buy six. deduct $20 and so oa 
Buy a bunch, save a bundle Please add $1 each for shipping Add $5 to orders under $50 for 
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Bundle 
#4 



$' 




'1984 By Monte/uma Micro WordStar* SpeMStar" Starlndex' MailMerge* DalaSl** ReportStai' and CaeSlar" belong to 
MicroPro* International Corporation CP/M* belongs lo Digital Research inc ABASE II* belongs to Ashton Tate Inc All ire Pencils* 
belong to Michael Shrayer Turbo Pascal" belongs to Borland Inleirutonal 



WordStar® 
MailMerge 7 " 
SpellStar'" 
I Starlndex 7 " 

dBASE II® Delivered 

JurboPascaP 

Montezuma Micro CP/M® 

RETAIL VALUE $1553^ 



TRS-80 Disk A Other Mysteries. The "How to" book of data 
recovery for the TRS-80 Model I disk operating system. 1 28 pages Retail 
Retail $22 50 Now $1 8 

Microsoft BASIC Decoded A Other Mysteries. The com- 
plete guide to Level II and BASIC 312pages. 
Retail $29 95 Now $24 

The Custom TRS-80 & Other Mysteries. The complete guide 
to customizing TRS-80 Hardware and Software 336 pages 
Retail $29.95 Now $24 

BASIC Faster A Better A Other Mysteries. The complete 
guide to BASIC programming tricks and techniques. 290 pages 
Retail $29 95 Now $24 

BASIC Faster A Better Library Disk. Contains 121 functions, 
subroutines and user routines Search merge, compare and listing routines 
plus array handlers. BASIC overlays and video drivers 
Retail $1995 Now $18 

BASIC Faster A Better Demonstration Disk. Contains 32 
demos of the Library Disk contents above 

Retail $19.95 Now $24 

BASIC Disk I/O Faster A Better A Other Mysteries. 
Programming tips and techniques to store/retrieve data Irom disk. 432 
pages Retail $29 95 Now $24 

BASIC Disk I/O Faster A Better Demonstration Disk. All 
of the major demo programs and library of disk 1/0 subroutines in 25 BASIC 
programs Random, Indexed Sequential and TREESAM file handlers 
included Retail $2995 Now $24 

Machine Language Disk I/O A Other Mysteries. A guide to 
machine language disk 1/0 for the TRS-80 288 pages 
Retail $2995 Now $24 

TRSDOS 2.3 Decoded A Other Mysteries. Detailed explana- 
tion of the Model I disk operating system 298 pages 
Retail $29.95 Now $24 

How To Do It On The TRS-80. A complete applications guide to 
the TRS-80 Model l. II HI. 100, and Color Computer 352 pages. 
Retail $29 95 Now $24 

The Custom Apple A Other Mysteries. Who cares 7 
Retail $2995 Now $19 

Due to the nature ol this business there are NO REFUNDS on software We accept 
American express MasterCard Visa and COO Tour card rs not charged until we sf»p your order 
Personal and company cjiecks are accepted without delay (cal lor detailsl Delivered pices are 
kx the lower rightmost 48 Stales only Prices and specrlicat ens subnet to change without notice 
II you don t understand any rj this. |usl give us a caH and we will take the time to explain it until 
/ou do First timers are always welcome heie 




MONTEZUMA 
MICRO 



214-339-5104 

Retard Airport. Hangar #8 

P0 Box 32027 

Dallas. Texas 75232 "WE KEEP YOU RUNNING" 



ORDER NOW . . . TOLL FREE 

800-527-0347 
800-442-1310 

Trie Tot r- re* krws are tor voters only 
Spaoncationt »utx«cl to cnang* without notxoa 



116*80 Micro. June 1985 



Orel* 416 on Reader Service card. 




MONTEZUMA 
MICRO 



P.O. Box 2169 

Camp Verde (Lizard Flats) 

Arizona 86322 

" WE KEEP YOU RUNNING ' 



25-1000 
261069 
26-1060 
26-3127 
263134 
26-3136 
26-3689 
26-3601 
26-3650 
26-3801 
26-3602 
26-4004 
26-5103 
26-5104 
26-6021 
264022 
26-6050 
26-6052 



COMPUTERS 



t Done 



lor UcW 1000 128A RA» 

2a Mod* 4 bar. RS732 Pu.* Raoo Snack 

64a. Mow 4 P»ii» 29 5 RS232 

64K Inarmed Basic Color Ccenpuwr 2 . 

16K CoO Computer 2 

I6K EalenOed BASIC CoO Computer 2 

PCOel Compuler 3 with 4K RAM 

Pooxel Compul* 2 

PocA* Compuler 4 

Mod* 100 8K PorteUe Computer 

MoOH 100 24K PorteBe Computer 

MOM 12 1 -Drive 

Moo* 2000 2-otio I28K 

Moo* 2000 W/Merd Disk and 256k 

Moo* 6000 2d. 512K 

Mod* 6000 MO 5I2K 

DT.lOO IMM 



2199 
2124 
3358 
3824 
4674 



MODEMS 



2S-'0O3 Mod* 

26-1064 Mode 4P Modem Boarc 

i-"173 OC WOC*"" " 

1- 1 1 74 ACOuStA CCupW SAOOfV' 

^"75 OC Moo*™- 'B 
'"76 OC-22'3 nry Speed Mode- 
Arvjvjr Mar* I Mode"- 300 Baud «.-e 
Ancnor 300 120C Baud Mod**- «rr ; 

Hayes Sman^vd*^ 300 Bawd 

20C B4mO 



PERIPHERALS 



LNW-M 3» cadet . -V •<«>-. 

' Green Vr- Oar* vote Morales 
' Ajraeer Non-Glare Va3ec Mcwo- 

ec cart «©• Moot* I Aeyoo»d-to-r 

25-iOiQ Moo* 100C Mouse « Cen.Caanlar 

25-3010 VM 3 Moo* 1200 Mrjnoavorne Monro 

25-3040 Moo* 1200 Monccnrome Adapter 

25-3043 Mod* 1200 Greenes DnpHr, Adapter 

25-3044 Mod* 1200 Tecnmar Greenes Meuer 

26-0511 Genueie RS Pantyhose Anb-Gtare Devoi 

26-1065 Moo* 4P Cerryeig Cata 

26-1131 Moo* 1,3/4 5M8 nerd Do Seconder, 

26-1133 Mod* 3 15MB Hard OK Insl rut 

26-1134 Mod* 4 15MB Hard Do*, mat Kit 

26-1183 Mod* 100 Ba> Cod, Read* 

26-1 185 Color Comput* KoHi Pad 

26-1197 Mout* lor Mod* 2000 

26-1 198 Sar«i to Parai* Convert* 

26-1208 CCR-81 Cassette Tapa Recorder 

26-1209 CCR-62 Cassette Tapa Record* 

26-1326 Anu-Goe Pan*. Mod* 2/12/16 

26-1342 Cia* Keycover for Mod* 3/4 

26-1410 Mod* 100 Modam Car* 

26-1429 AutornetK Power StnprSurge Protector 

26-1451 Non -Automatic P ower StrtyFeiar 

26-1457 Ane-Glare Pan* Mod* 1,3/4 

26-2226 Color Computer OWe RS-232 eta 

26-3007 CoO Comput* Cerryvnct Case 

26-3008 Color Cornpur* joysKfcs Per Par 

26-3012 Coo Compute* Oeiuse Joysto. eec 

26-3023 Coo Computer l 2 Drill Ofoa 1 2 or 3 

26-3024 Coo Computer Mu* p *" ""terrec* 

26-3025 Coo Computer Mouse 

26-3503 PC l Cassette TtfVece 

26-3508 PC 1 Carry"; Caia 

26-3606 PC 2 Cerryng Caia 

26-3612 PC 2 RS-232C menace 

26-3615 PC 2 4H RAM MoraAt 

26-3616 PC 2 6K RAM Modu* 

26-3651 PC 4 Cattene 'rer-ace 

26-3663 PC 4 in Rar- Modue 

26-3654 PC 4 Carryng Cese 

26-3804 Uoa* too AC Acapw 

26-3805 Mod* 100 Acoustc Coupar 

263809 Uoo* 100 Cerryng Caia 

26-381' Mod* 100 Sci Car-yng Casa 

26-3812 Mod* IOC Laos ipari 

26-4154 Mod* 12 168 nara tSMs Mare Oak '.: 

26-4155 Moo* 2.-3 4.12-16 I5VC Preiar, Hard Cast 

26-4156 Mod* 2 34 12 16 tJMt Secondary Dnve 

26-4157 Mod* 2,12. , 16 "-uanw K-l lor 26-4155 

26-5111 Mod* 2000 VM-l Mcexicrirome Morvtor 

26-5112 Moo* 2000 CM 1 Coo Morvtor 

FURNITURE 

26-1305 Mod* 3/4 System De*< 

26-1308 Unvers* Prerter Stand 

26-1324 Compuh* Tecet 

26-1354 NfWIConpuMr Stand 

26-1356 MfWIPnnl* Siand 

261356 refWI System Desk 

26-1357 NUMPmt* Sland 

26-1358 NfWICom* lor 1356/67 DaW/Sland 

26-1359 MIV/IHukii lor 1356 Daw 

26-1360 HtWIPrmlar Platlorm 

06-4303 0*ui« Syiiarn Q*v 

26-4305 0»*j,a Prmmr Suno 

126-4306 Tamwi* Stand 

26-4307 Pnntar Stand 

26-5H5 Mod* 2000 Ptoavar 

26-5116 MOO* 2OO0 '•-.. Stand 



PRINTERS & ACCESSORIES 



»li92 
*II96 
r«i2S0 
■6-1252 
SI2S4 
P6 1255 
>6-t25- 
■6-1261 
S-1268 
«-l269 
!6-i:70 
■6-1271 
26-1274 
!6i275 
1276 
fefj-1277 



■6-1465 
■6 1459 

W-1401 

!6-1408 
!6-1409 

?6-4401 
16 1490 
?6 1491 
26-1492 
irJ-1493 
26-1495 
26-1*96 
26 1498 
26-144* 
(6 3591 
26-3605 

!UBtt. 



GCP H5 Coo Oapraci Prr»ar 

Gi-iie Orapnc* °«J 

C7WP 4'0 Da" W *«* Pnr*ar 

DMP-50C 220cc» P-r-ar 

DVP-200 120CP1 Pr«-iar 

DM* 12C I20co» O.-* Moot Or 

0r«P-21C 0a* r *r>a* Prr-:ar 



CGP-220 Coo -« jat Pnnia- 

P'C 64 64« P-r-e. Cor— car- &."»». 

D*P 51C 0*n.f*na* prmar 

DM* no 50cp» Tr©» Moda P-rTar 

DMP-2100P IAOcca Dua.-K«Dd* P-rtf 

l*n»ITRP.lO0 P-r-ia- 

DMP-105 -ar". Ctaaap Plr-^a- 

DMP-4X ha« Noi So Cneaao Pama* 

B. COCIO-4V Tractor lor D«VP-21W 

B0.K1O-.. Tractor <0 DWP-210 

8»-0«acioi* Tractor o Darsywrieei h 

Sao? Bat Snaal Faadar O Darivwre* I 

Acouitr Ccwar 

B>-r>«*c10VJI Tractor lor DWP-41C 

Mod* 1/3/4/4P Pint* Carat 

RS-232C Cab* 

Mod* 100 Ptmar Carat 

Mod* 2/12/16/2000 Pnnao Cauie 

10 RS-232C Ciw 

25 RS-232C Cab* 

50 RS-232C Cab* 

100 RS-232C CabW 

RS-232C Cab* Enlandar 

RS-232C Nul Modam Adaptar 

SW-302 P*MW Prrmor S«lcn 

SW-303 RS 232C SaWclor S~lcn 

PC 3 Protar 

PC 2 Pr«cr 



C.ITOH 

35?0 350tp5 Pvale- IBM CrOrrvpaKiW 

95106PI 1?0c«S Frction.Tracaor. Pwm*# CM Co>np 

6510SP Hot Dot tefepa. RaaJ Fast 

651DSCP CoiOf H^i Spaed prtnter 

MiOP Pio-wnac 2 I20cps. tot wk» Paper P*rawt 

1&50SP hoi Dot. tfiOcps. RaM Fast a we« 

F10-«0 Starwraar. 40cps Danrwhaai 

F10-55 Pnmmeaief. SScps Danywhaal, FAST 

F10 B*-0«actionai Traciar. vmh Pauac Cover 

FiO ElecKic &ngle 6m Sheet Feeder insi. Regutfad 

-10 Metfiencal S-r-g*e B»n Sreel Feeder .. 

Gk-t00 Oonaa Banana, SOcps 



; lor r 



CABLES 



W« rnarkufactLafe a great •x*»i*er of afferent cat** j 
to connect most anvtf^g to anytrang mm CaN <jrt 
watK neem w« pnsoaory have * on me iM» ai . 



SUPPUES 



5 ?S SSOO OiMettes Pac* o* to 1 Year Guaranlaa 

5 21 DSOO Onaatrea Pack of <0 ' vear Guarantee 
9 SSOO O-iaeties Pack of .C i rear Guaranaae 

6 OSOO 0-«aenet Paca of 10 l Vear Guanreaa 
$ 2$ Ftpaort higioa 75 Oaas 

6 6 in Tractor Paper 206 2900 Snean 
u i it i-acKi- Paper IOb 2900 Sneets 
4 2* or 6 i w a d Ciaanrig Kn 



RIBBONS 



MONTEZUMA'S REVENGE 

MODEL 3 UPGRADE 
112K - CP/M • 80 COLUMN 



TNa month Monte often the dejef of th* yajajr. The 

Holmes VIO-80 i» the onty plug in printed circuit board 

which eipand* the Mod 3 oaspUy N 24 Irnet ot 10 
chwachan and tact up a o Bon ot at* CP/M 2.2 
pe nm e n »» item wrth • 56K TPA. Both M i 24 end 
14 i U rnedw m iiiUb Mb ttam THS0OS biK BASIC. 
H eid i and erriw* II dWI w iil tusk formed (rUjrpro, 
Oaborne, etc) A total of 112K of MM. Th* Mere 4M 
HAM CMbtWupBi RAM die* ftreugh eeate re re 
rouann *aM era turreetied wRti eVa t uyii »e d CP/M 
l ay eieBeig ■■■*■ * !. The VD-iO come* lo ie p at t e arlth 
eawy to loelow aie t a— linn aietructKine and operakonai 
Jm eeieiinetai. Ho Bece cub) or soeMnng reekaratl 
Queiewand lor en* year parti and Moot. Monty can 
elep rhrt today. 



MONTEs SPECIAL PRICE S27a 

Aon at aWa al 3-3 ready ■ rea tar I 108 
WE KEEP YOU RUNHHG 



SOFTWARE 



WWt CP/M 2.2 by Morxetiam Moo For The Mod* i 
Relad bail by actu* tail. Gal the good one ■ ! 

NCwT CP/M Herd Otsk Dnver irath Backup 6 Rettore 
264M10 TRSOOS 2 3 For Tne Mod* I 

260312 TRSOOS I 3 For The Mod* 3 

260313 TRSOOS 6 1 For The Mod* 4 
264)315 TRSOOS 6 2 Unity Dak . . 

26 0310 TRSOOS 6 2 Oik Ooc Bel Card 

264)413 On* Drive Aneiyier Why pey more' 

26 1507 Mod* 1,3 Stocacea 

28-1510 Mod* 1/3 Trandea. 

261511 Mod* 3 Home Accountant 

26 1512 Mod* 4 Target PlennerCelc 

26-1513 Mod* 1.-3 Ceu Spettacuaaor 

26-1514 Mod* 3 Ponfcao Meneger 

26 1515 ptiMe tor Mod* 3 

76 1516 pit report lor Mod* 3 

76 1517 prt report tar woo* 4 

76 1518 ;>•, '<e -J Mod* 4 

26-1570 Mod* 4 varCajc 

26 152* Mod* 3 v«c*c Buwiest Forecaw 

26 1527 Mod* 3 4 Fom-*o- . 

taVtm Moo* 4 Mutoar 

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26--53» Mod* 34 »V2 rVrter 

26 1540 Mod* 3 4 Genera Ledger 

76 I54i Mod* 3 4 Accour-s aece-eM 

26-1542 Mod* 3-4 Accourc Paptoe 

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76-1544 tAod* 3.4 tnvcace wnter 

26 1545 temflMod* 3.4 twemgry Confer 

76 1559 Mod* 1,3 Marulectumc, n^mor, BejaM 

76 1560 Fi.oo Alien 

26 1562 Mod* 1/3 ProMe 

76-1563 Mod* 1/3 SCRIPSIT 

26 1564 Mod* 1/3 Maaorem 

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26 1568 Mod* 1/3 Meoc* Otlce Systems 

26 1569 Mod* 3 VwCeic Enhanced Venae 

26 1577 Mod* 1/3 Surveying 

261578 Moo* 1/3 Re* Estate 

26-1580 Mod* 1/3 Praam Manager 

26-1581 Mod* 1/3 Perioral* Manager 

26-1582 Mod* 1/3 T«ne Manager 

26-1584 Model 3 Checttwriter 80 

28-1585 Mod* 3 Business Chockwmer 

26 1588 Mod* 1/3 videotex Plus 

76 1589 Mod* 3 MtCfiO/Counar 

26 1590 Mod* 1/3 SuperSCRIPSIT 

26-1591 Mod* 1/3 Scnpul Ochonary 

76-1592 Mod* 3 Protet Pius 

26 1593 Mod* 3 ProMt Plus LDOSrHO Veryorj 



26-1594 Mod* 3 Des>iop,Pian 60 139 

26-1595 SuperSCRIPSIT ror Tna Moo* 4 169 

26-1596 SCRIPSIT For Tna Mod* 4 85 

26-1597 Mod* 3 Busness GVepncs Pak 148 

26-1596 Mod* 4 vosotaa Pais 42 

26-1600 Dctoiary lor the Mod* 4 85 

26-1630 MJWI TKi SOrer lor the Mod* 4 255 

26-1635 NEW) Mod* 4 ProMe 212 

26-1922 Mod* 3/4 Orchestra 80. 68 

26-2011 Mod* 1/3 EOAS. Tape Varsot . ... 25 
26-2012 3/4 Alien**/ Language Development Course 126 

26-2013 EOAS. 0r»k Version. Mod* 1/3 29 

26-7015 Mod* 3 Instruction Tepee 21 

26-2017 Mod* 3 Assert*)*/ Language Course. Tape 34 

26-2018 Mod* 3 Assembly Language Course. Orsk. 59 

26 2019 TRSOOS 6 > Trarang Course 4) 

26-2022 Power Tool lor me Mod* 1/3 43 

26-2023 Dot Plot tar the Mod* 1/3 17 

26-2025 NEW Construcloi tar the Mod* 4 42 

26-3026 NEW COBOL Query tar me Mod* 4 177 

26-2027 NEW! Graprrcs 90 tor tornetnng 34 

26-2190 Moo* 4 COBOL 149 

26-2200 Mod* 3 FORTRAN 85 

26-2201 Mod* 1 FORTRAN (5 

26-2203 Mod* 1,3 COBOL -S9 

2S-2204 Mod* 1/3 Compatr BASIC 126 

26-2205 Moo PILOT 34 

26-2210 Moo* 3 BASCOM 169 

26-2211 Mod* 3 Am pascal 213 

26-2212 AUr PASCAL For The Mod* 4 212 

26-2213 Mod* 1 LOOS ILSl versoM 69 

26-2214 Mod* 3 LOOS ILSl rersoi: 69 

26-2216 C$*:Vt r\M For The saod* 4 17- 
26-GOOD The Good CP.-m tor me Mod* «Montu,s'*> 16? 

26-REAL GOOD Hard Ota Onrer tar MM €P V X 

26-2217 CBASC For The Mod* 4 iFtequrei CPM, 85 

26-2218 BASCOM tor the Mod* 4 165 

26-3219 FORTRAN ior me Mod* 4 J5 

26-2220-23 voeoen various e ja c aaar a 26 

26-2224 Comoueerv Oon Jones S-ar. up K.1 17 

26-2730 NEWi Moo* 4 C Language 212 

26-2231 Mod* 4 Doutet Duty I128K rag | 59 

26-2716 Mod* 3 PILOT 101 

28-2721 Cokir Computer LOGO On. 85 

26-2722 Color Comput* LOGO ROM Pact 43 

26-3030 OS-9 For The Cotor Cornputtr 5* 

26-3036 BASIC • 09 For The Con c^ornpuegr 1)5 

26-3038 NEWI C Compter tor me CoO Comput* 85 

25-3130 NEWI MS-DOS wen BASIC tor the 1200 76 

26-3821 Mod* 100 Leemng Lao 26 

26-3829 NEWI Mod* 100 MulliolAr. . . 127 

24-3830 NEWI Mod* 100 Scnpu 34 

AU. Color Computer GAMES 25S OFF Catalog Price 
ALL PC(rOS) SOFTWARI 80% OFP Catalog Price 

26-4501 General Ledger 1 129 

26-4502 Inventory Menegemarn System I 119 

26-4503 Payrol 228 

26-4504 Accounts Recarreb* 179 

26-4505 Accounts PeyeHe .. 178 

26-4508 Medea 0>hc* Systems . .499 

26-4509 Manufacturing mvantory Control 539 

26-4510 VersaNa 42 

26-4511 V*C#c 19c 

26-4512 ProMe > 99 

26-4513 Job Cosang 99 

26-4514 Order Emn, IJJ 

26-4515 Proeie H Plus ^99 

26-4516 Proass Tranrtg GukM 58 

26-4517 Prorte nus uoorede 89 

26-4520 Tme Accourtetg 299 

26-4526 VoaCalc Busness Fprcastrej 69 

26-4531 SCRIPSIT 2 299 

26-4532 SCRIPSIT L*etv D*k 79 

26-4534 SCR*>SiT Ocaonery t29 

26-4536 SCRa^lT Ploner 0nn« 39 

26-4540 Stsnsec* Anarysrl 54 

26-4545 Ubgetoi Support 199 

26-4550 Busness Graphics Antrysn Pea 199 

26-4554 Accounts Reoarrao* 39 

26-4555 lArnj Generator 33 

W MB8 Prcaat Forms 99 

26-4557 protet Arcrwe 39 

26-4558 ProNe Proson 116 

26-4559 Prow* 139 

26-4560 WESTLAW 159 

26-4580 Mutenen Mod* 7.12 212 

26-4601 Gener* Ledger 299 

76 4802 anrere u ry Control System 199 

26-4504 Accounts Recervatat 299 

26-4605 Accounts Peyet* 299 

26-4607 Order Enlry/lCS 799 

26-4606 S*es Analysis It* 

26-4612 Query COBOL .117 

26-4621 Personn* Seerch 199 

2*4701 FORTRAN 18* 

26-4702 EDAS. 129 

26-4703 COBOL 199 

26-4705 Compeer BASIC 128 

26-4707 COBOL Generator 4B8 

26-4710 Program Eeatcr 99 

26-4712 Assembly Language Ijevetoonienl System 199 

26-4713 tOAS 1 . .. » 

26-4721 V«Jeole> For The Mod* 2/12/16 42 

26-4775 NEWI BASCOM BASIC Compter 159 

26-4742 CBASIC 69 

26-4802 Inventory for the Hard One 299 

26-4831 SCRIPSIT tor me Hard On* 299 

26-4834 Ooovary tor me Hard Oea 139 

26-4835 SCRIPSIT tor Thntna Onves 263 

ALL NEW M0OEL 2088 GOOOrES 

28-5310 Genera Ledger 339 

25-5212 Accounts Payette 339 

36-5213 Accounts Recervabw 339 

26-5214 tnvertory Contror System 339 

26-5251 BASCOM 279 

26-5252 MS DOS Assemojer 65 

26-5255 FORTRAN 249 

36-5256 PASCAL 219 

26-5257 COBOL 424 

26-5260 voeoter p>ui 42 

26 5261 Sorterv- 139 

26-530C Lotus 1 2-3 399 

26 5302 SuperCac 3 799 

26-5305 ptsNe 119 

26-5306 p*s report 106 

26-5311 Murtoen I6C 

26-5314 NEWIMoc-sctt Word 299 

26-5330 MuUeta 199 

26-5340 Home Accounta"! 106 

26-5352 dBASE ■ 349 

265377 Pwnetue 42 

MODEL 12 4 16 88800 SOFTWARE 

26-6100 COBOL Oeveoprnent System 199 

26-6201 Gener* Ledger . .449 

284)203 Payrol 499 

264204 Accounts Receiver* 440 

26-6205 Accounts Payable 440 

26-620/ Order Enlry/lCS - 440 

26-6208 Sales Analysis 299 

26-6209 Job Cosing 149 

26-6302 Inventory 299 

26-6401 XENIX Development System 637 

264412 ProMe O XENIX . . 369 

26-6431 Scnpsrt lor XENIX 399 
26-6450 MAC 16 Mao 
26-6451 RM/FORTRA 
26-6455 COBOL lor : 



26-645: MBAStC to Xf-ux l»» 

26-6480 Murtoen Mod* 16 4 XENIX 769 

Etactnc Pence 1.0 Moo* 1 -3 49 

■tee Pencil Mod* 1,3 49 

Rati Pane* Mod* lit .... 39 

Modem 80 A Powertul r^orreriuncatovs Program Ml. 3 35 
The ongn* copy ptoc/em 



' Moo* 



4<.l 



CP/M OPERATING SYSTEMS 

CP/W 2.2 lor Vhi MOM 4 Th» VERY BEST ONE S 16S 
Our V«rv Own Inch Ham Disk Urr-w. 
Puts Rado Smkk s m The Snide .... 3C 

PAT CP/M 22m Ftopoy Vsxvon. Model 2: 1 ?: 1 6 tflC 

PIT CP/M 2 2m »or fl/S HJrd Orsk Model 2,'\2/if, 22* 

BOOKS and MANUALS 

25-1501 NEWIMS-OOS Relerence Manu* 29 

25 1502 NEWIMS-OOS BASC Re<erence Manual 7s 

1503 NEW1M00* 1000 Programmers Manua 12 



25-1504 


NEWI Moo* 1000 Ttorx* Re 


26-2102 


Mod* i Lev* ii Manua 






76-2111 


woo* ] 0OS Mar^a 


26-2112 


Mod* 3 BASIC "SlrucMr Mv 




Sourieocoi Sew Eo-or 


26-3115 


Nev.s«ner Boca 198C 


SMI" 


Mod* 4 DO£ vi- j 


26-224C 


•«~sa-r!er Boca -9S' 


26-224 • 


NrAUette' Boo- *982 



26-3191 Coo Car»t>,rer Mar-A 
28-3192 E>-eroec Coo Ccmou-er uar-ua 
76 3193 Coo ior-o-» I Tac-nca Va-^ 
26-381C Modai IOC Tecmca vanua 
26 1819 Moo* X Boon -- :•« . — 
26-4921 Mode- 2 Tecnrwcai -u?»erence Manj* 
26-4922 Moo* 12 Operatng Maruuj 
26-5403 Moo* 2000 rVoceemmer 5 V*-„» 
26-5404 Moo* 2000 Haro«are Manua 

26-6041 Mod* 168 Operatr-.; Manua 
TRS-90 Drsk 1 Omar Mystt-rm a, - c >r^> 
Moosoh BASIC Decoded -. ^— • ,. ^ 
BASK Faster 1 Better a, ^.- a».m i 
BASIC Fast* 4 Better Ctenonstratain Drsa 
BASIC Faster * Better Lexer? Ds> 
BASIC Drsk I/O Fatter 4 Better >. .,.- ™ ( _-.„, 
BASMC Disk I/O Demonstrattor. Drsk 
The Custom TRS-S0 -, :»,« n,-.,, »-u 
TRSOOS 2 3 Decoded t. »-— .- ir<. 
Macrane lenguaoe One I/O --. m>« *«gna 
How Do 8 Oil The TF1S-80 r, e»er. •»»- , 

TRS-BO Begnners Guide 

!n5"le Super Urirty Rus 30 i, Knew*, wan .. 



UPGRADES 



t6K RAM 200 nsec i Fut Vear Guarantee 
64K RAM 200 nsec. I Fut Ye* Gu*Mllee 
Mod* e 128K RAM upgraoe Kit w<m Genu** pa 

25-1004 Mod* 1000 126K RAM Upgrade Bovd 

25-1005 Mod* 1000 2nd Onh Dnve 
Better man above ilEAC 55Bi Save SSSS 

25-1009 Mod* 1000,1200 5i2M RAM Board 

26-1125 Mod* 3 rk-Resc*ukor. Graprxs Beard 

76-1176 Mod* 4 M-Resoejacr Gracnci Board 

76-H77 63 Moo* 3 4 Oiaaj At 
Seme as above eicec rx^ crane Save SSSi 
Famous ACROCOMP DOC Ooub* De"*t, Ccr" 

76 1145 Mod* t RS232 Bcerc at- :ar»e 
Mod* ) 4 RS233 .ntlra-cr *.-. *S1 JT- 

76-1163 Rarac Shec* 4C --*> D«e Or .e 

Same at aoove eacept 40 trace. Tanoor 5a>e S$ 
MODEL 4 MWtt Ten am Mock:rw< tor gate erreyl 
HOLMES Mooa 3 4v»2 Speeduc Moc 

! rs Resoucr- GrtpNCS &:* - 

M Bear: 



26-4104 
26-4105 
264!6 ? 
26-514C 
26-514" 
26-5144 
26 5"eC 
24-5161 
26-5163 
76-60 I C 
26 60H 
36-6012 



vVe mav^tavi an «..ii 



Mode- 2"30C *s-Re»owwr G>asrvcs Bear; 
Mode 3000 Coo Grapr-c Cnc Se- 
Mod* 200C Mouse Cco> Boars 
Moor 200C K>te**-a t36K Boa-: 
Mod* 7O0C E>ter-a i7BX Bo* 3 
Moor 700C. 126". RAM •» 26.5I6' 
Mod* 2 or "2 to Mod* 16 66000 At 
Mude '6 I28K RAM Boere 
Mod* 12 I28K RAW Kn 
moo* 16 3-user RS 232 Ca-a 
Mode. 12 Carp Cege 



v»»vv aquciped serv--^ i*C"t» nff 
t lor mat RajejVI Iteji 88 



BUY FROM^US RIGHT NOW! 

Our mverMory is so lerge <i car* not be bsted compieicHy 
Pt««utt caii i' you Jo not '.ee -vnai you w*>m CrvBncea me 
«¥• have it Because ot me lime leg m hi»q»?thi edvtfft's»rTg 
pnee* ire subfeci to <toang» -vimoui no*«ce and are r-nj*i order 

only We are not 'esponstbte lor \ypoqrpt*cJki errucs Your 
companv and/oc personal checks are welcome and wi nol 
deUy your order we use Te^Cnec* Please observe (he 

.orkQwing reoju-rements and your order (We, oe snapped w> 



delay rhe chech 

and pay*!*; •" US OoUr: 

and conuwi your 

stgnat^at 



ltmu$t 



i USA or CanaOan bank 
» » b*nh pnnied chec 
?e*epr-one run-oe. Tn 



eXACTLY rvjtch the na-ne i 
check Th*t*> al mere rs to ■* in addmon «»■ accept Afeanovi 
Etp»ess Maste-c^rd Vt*a Casn«r s Cnechs W-e Transtw 
and *»e arso shop COO COO s and motor tre*gni sn-orner-^ 
ma* reouaf* a deport Sctne sped-* 1 rten^s reoju»re depo^i* 
All COO * recfcjre canr. or c*y-*v= cnec« 0^ de-»e»> 
Compar* and or personal eneens can SOT --? accepted <n 
pa»m^i ol COO vvpr****-*^ Oecv c*ros are -k'. rfyoert 
urr» *o 4h£ yOvX Drder S8HIPP1NG CHARGES JURE NOT 
■H Ct UOtO t***** add S5 na^dbng -c a* mete's •&**** •»**<• 
itujr. %K *dd S20 "ancturc; cr^rge :c a* var* : .e- JSX 
•w*<appe«3 "c C»n*i>tr addresses **3 S'arc So-?:: '*» 
cceec*ed ■ (K.t-o'-s*ate snpmeris I yo- ziroe' t?* VM . t0 
cde* «»* De ^-*pp*o r* stxT 0*> ' moc* •> .-v ~*r<: 
Rirspr-^.*-.:, ;« s^:a->*T r o* sc*r*a'e •<»,•* *-•*>■ 
psc-jiw Sj* •..■ ■•*»* -a: v "e o* r*s fus">es* * t >e*e -v** NO 
RCFUNOS ON SOFTW.\RE. HEPUlCEieE»*TS WM-l BE 
PRO VCE0 FOR DEFECTIVE SOTTWJhRE ITEMS. t*< .OK 
•»e are "ot'ied *!-»*■ *^n aayr c* de« >n o" *t 
me'cn*->*w I >:>« ngw^ a t»»n<-*»- voo*^ o-f^v Dal ••«- 
-□» he«p ana .^irie<:t.or* 

WARR>VNTY 

ah Hi-til. ta/ry me oregetia' rriar>M'actijrer5 ava^antv We •».* 
be fxappy t<) mw you a copy upo" iMajM 

call roti fnesfnomiANYWHcnem'mcuSA 

800-527-0347 
800-442-1310 



m 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 117 



NEW PRODUCTS / edited by Robert Mitchell 



Practical Finance 

The Finance Organizer/ 
Portfolio Minder & Record 
Keeper for the Models 4 
(128K). 1000. 1200. and 2000 
organizes your finances in six 
program modules. 

The interest program figures 
compound and semiannual in- 
terest, projects mortgage costs 
and rent yields, and analyzes 
differences between mort- 
gages. The tax program lets 
you enter financial data for tax 
records and automatically 
cross-references files for each 
transaction. 

The stock program tracks 
up to 40 stocks, compares your 
portfolio against the market, 
and projects gains or losses. 
The phone directory program 
lets you access lists of names 
and addresses by business ser- 
vices offered and prints ad- 
dress labels. 

Finance Organizer also in- 
cludes an inventory program 
and appointment calendar, 
and converts Canadian to U.S. 
dollars and vice versa. It's 
available for $200 from Prac- 
tical Software, 186 Murray 
Drive. Aurora. Ontario L4G 
2C5. Canada. 416-727-4747. 
Circle 551 on Reader Service card. 

Doublecross 

SuperCROSS/XT ($99.95) 
transfers any file or program, 
from the Model I/m/4 to MS- 
DOS or CP/M machines and 
back. The program transfers 
files from disk to disk, and re- 
quires no hardware connec- 
tion between computers. 

It supports all versions of 
MS-DOS and 65 versions of 
CP/M. including CP/M Plus 
and version 2.2. An optional 
program. CNVBASIC/CMD 
($29.95). converts Model I/m 
Basic programs for use on 
MS/DOS and CP/M systems. 




The Spinwriter Elf 1 90 cps daisy-wheel printer. 



Upgrades are available for 
owners of HyperCROSS. For 
more information, contact Pow- 
ersoft Products. 17060 Dallas 
Parkway. Suite 1 14, Dallas. TX 
75248.214-7334475. 
Circle 553 on Reader Service card 

Daisy- Wheel Press 

The Spinwriter Elf bidirec- 
tional daisy-wheel printer 
($595) prints up to 190 words 
per minute and features bold 
face, shadow print, and 10. 12. 
or 15 characters per inch spac- 
ing pitch. 

The Elf provides buttons for 
pitch, form feed, line feed, 
print control, and a single- 
lever paper control. It runs at 
55 decibels. The Elf supports 
Lotus 1-2-3. WordStar, dBase. 
PFS:File. and Multlmate. A 
unidirectional tractor feeder is 
optional. 

For more information, con- 
tact NEC Information Systems 
Inc.. 1414 Massachusetts 
Ave.. Boxborough, MA 01719, 
617-264-8000. 
Circle 552 on Reader Service card 



Let Your Computer 
Do the Walking 

Instant Yellow Page Service, 
from American Business Lists 
Inc. (5639 S. 86th Circle. P.O. 
Box 27347. Dept. N, Omaha. 
NE 68127. 402-331-7169). is a 
24-hour on-line data base that 
lets you access 6 million busi- 
ness phone numbers and ad- 
dresses from your computer. 

The data base contains in- 
stant access to every Yellow 
Page directory in the U.S. A 
subscription is $15 per month. 
Connect-time charges are $1 
per minute and 10 cents per 
printed record. 
Circle 554 on Reader Service card 

Family Ties 

Ultimate Roots ($39) is a 
Model I/III/4 geneology pro- 
gram that organizes and prints 
out geneological charts. 

A filer program lets you add. 
edit, delete, and revise infor- 
mation. You can then save the 
chart to disk, sort it, or print it 
out. The program gathers infor- 



mation on family and children, 
and includes source and com- 
ment sheets. You can select 
from hundreds of print formats. 
The manual is available sep- 
arately for $25. applicable 
toward purchase of the com- 
plete package. For more de- 
tails, contact Ultimate Soft- 
ware. P.O. Box 1291. Hayden 
Lake. ID 83835. 208-772-7634. 
Circle 558 on Reader Service card. 

Bytes of Diplomacy 

Computer Diplomacy for the 
Models m. 4. 1000. and 1200 is 
an adaptation of Avalon Hill's 
Diplomacy board game. 

The game displays a map of 
Europe. Up to seven players 
try to conquer their opponents 
through war, alliances, and 
diplomacy. Included are a rule 
book, a pad of conference 
maps, and the program disk. 

A Model m/4 version is avail- 
able at Radio Shack stores for 
$25. The MS-DOS version 
($50) requires 256K RAM and 
a color graphics board. For 
more information, contact The 
Avalon Hill Game Co.. 4517 
Harford Road. Baltimore, MD 
21214. 80O338-9292. 
Circle 559 on Reader Service card 

Cash In 

The Regit Cash Register and 
Inventory Control System 
($179) rums the Model m or 4 
into a point-of-sale cash reg- 
ister, complete with a locking 
cash drawer. 

Regit's software generates 
sales and inventory reports on 
a daily, weekly, or monthly 
basis. Screen characters are 
double-size for easy viewing. 
Displayed information in- 
cludes price, item description, 
tax. and sales total. The pro- 
gram computes change, up- 
dates sales and inventory rec- 
ords, opens the cash drawer, 



118 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Circle 455 on Reader Service card. 



MEGABYTES FOR MINI-BUCKS 



Model 1, 3, 4 Hard Drives 





Primary 


Secondary 


5 Megabyte — 


$ 795. 


$ 595. 


10 Megabyte — 


$1095. 


$ 895. 


15 Megabyte — 


$1295. 


$1095. 


30 Megabtye — 


$1895. 


$1695. 



(Model 1 add $50.) 
TRS-80 Hard Disk Subsystem Features' 

' All sizes rated after formatting 
" TRS-80 Models 1.3.4. and 4P supported 
" Your choice of DOSPLUS, LDOS. or TRSDOS 6.x 
Software Drivers included 

* Newdos 80/Version 2 5 Systems available 

* Up to two secondary drives may be added 

* Error checking and correcting controller 

* Buffered seek drives for improved access time 
Built in power up diagnostics. 

" Drives use plated media for long disk life 
' Heavy duty power supply 
■ Fan cooled 

* Gold connectors used throughout for high 
reliability. 

* 1 year warranty 




Shop and compare Hard Drive Specialist has been Building hard drive 
systems tor years and have sold thousands of subsystems to satisfied 
TRS-80 customers We tully support TRS-80 Models 1.3.4. and 4P 
computers on available hard drive operating systems We use the latest 
state of the-art drives and controllers Our dnves all use buttered seek 
logic and plated media to result m almost one-fourth the average access 
limes found on our competitors drives Plated media results in longer 
platter life and high resistance to head crashers not found on coaled media 
drives We utilize high construction throughout including heavy duty 
power supply cooling fan and gold edge card connectors We bach our 
dnves with a one year parts and labor warranty and we re so sure that you'll 
like our drive that we offer a thirty day money bach guarantee So when it 
comes time to buy look beyond the price and choose the best drive Alter 
all we are the Hard Drive Specialist 1 



HDS Multiplexer 
$1295. 



The HDS Multiplexer allows the useage of up to 4 
Model III or IV systems using Dosplus 3 5. LDOS, 
TRSDOS 6 x, and DOSPLUS IV on a HDS Hard 
Drive. The standard package includes the Master 
Control Unit. Host Adapters for 2 Computers and 
40' of cable. Each additional Host adapter add 
$150. Each additional foot of cable add $1. up to 
100 feet per computer. 



Tandy 1000 Hardware 

Tandy 1000 

TanPak 

The first and only board that yourTandy 1000 may 
ever need. Your 1000 is very versatile, new 
applications and functions are being developed for 
it every day And now with the HDS TanPak you 
can keep your options open for tomorrows tech- 
nology. As you know the Tandy 1000 only has 3 
expansion slots, and those are not quite PC 
compatible. The TanPak does the job using one 
expansion slot that normally would require four 
using Tandy boards. The TanPak includes a Serial 
Port, a Clock, and sockets for up to 51 2K of 
Memory Expansion. And the best part of all, it will 
save you some big bucks over the Tandy boards. 
TanPak 128K $399. 



Radio Shack and Tandy are trademarks of Tandy Corporation, TanPak 
and TanTel are trademarks of Compukit Corporation 



Model 3/4 Boot Rom $39.95 

Allows you to boot directly from a HDS Hard Drive 
using DOSPLUS Versions available for useage 
with and without Multiplexer. 



AS SEEN AT THE RADIO SHACK 
COMPUTER SHOWCASES 



Hard Drive Kit 

Put a 10 Megabyte Hard Drive inside your Tandy 
1000. This Hard drive subsystem includes an 
interface card and a Half-Height Hard Drive that 
directly replaces a floppy disk drive in both size and 
power consumption drive. 

10 Megabyte Internal Drive 

System $895. 

10 Megabyte External Drive 

System $1095. 

15 Megabyte External Drive 

System $1395. 

30 Megabyte External Drive 
System $1895. 

Disk Drives 

Fast stepping add on or replacement disk drives for 
half the Radio Shack price $149. 




HARD DRIVE SPECIALIST 



Us* our Walla hna «o place your order Via Visa MasterCard or Wire 
Transfer Or Mail you payment directly to us Any non certified funds will 
be held until proper clearance is made COD orders are accepted as well 
as purchase orders from government agencies Most items are shipped off 
the shelf with the exception of hard drive products that are custom built 
UPS ground is our standard means of shipping unless otherwise specified 
Shipping costs are available upon request 



1-713-480-6000 

Order Line 1-800-231-6671 

16208 Hickory Knoll, 
Houston, Texas 77059 



Circle 270 on Reader Service card 



A CURE FOR THE COMMON CODE 

AT LAST. YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE A PROGRAMMER 
TO ACT LIKE ONE! 

The ACT III authoring system allows you to create courseware for any kind of 
training or Instructional purpose. It is a free-form system that enables tutorials, 
simulations, drill, or any other learning format software to be developed with 
unmatched speed and power, whether you are an absolute novice, or an expe- 
rienced Z-80 programmer. 

ACT III supports and facilitates the use of hundreds of CAI options, including, 
but not limited to. . . 

EXTENSIVE PERSONALIZATION. UNLIMITED BRANCHING. 100 TEXT AND 
GRAPHIC DISPLAY OPTIONS, CLOZE PROCESSING. AUDIO AND TIMING 
CONTROLS. COUNTERS, DETAILED ANSWER ANALYSIS. HINTS. ALTER 
NATIVE ANSWERS. PRINT FUNCTIONS. LESSON REPORTS. ANIMATION. 
READABILITY MEASURES. STUDENT MESSAGES. SYNTAX CHECKING. 
SPECIAL PROMPTS. AND DOZENS MORE. . . 

ACT III .1:1 be purchased through this ad for $399. and allows you to simulate 
the function of most any other educational courseware It contains a full func- 
tioning word processor and lesson generator, a display program, a screen artist 
program for special graphics, a mini data based manager, a syntax checker and 
a menu generator, all fully integrated for fast, easy use. 

We developed this program over a three year period using professional educa- 
tors and professional programmers together, and have field tested under di- 
verse learning environments ranging In every discipline, kindergarten through 
post-graduate. We're sure It ran meet your needs as well. 

ACT III Is available for the TRS-HO models III and IV 
It comes with the program diskette and backup, data 
base diskette, tutorial and sample lesson diskette. 300 
page user's manual In a stand-up binder, quick refer- 
ence card, and all the support you need. You also get 
our 30 day. no-hassle, monev back guarantee. Send 
for ACT III today! 

; Please Send ACT III right away 
My check or P O is enclosed 



Name 

Address. 

City: 

State: 



-Zip 



Mail to 

Avanti Associates 

Pub.. Inc. 

132 AUvn Street 

Hartford. CT 06103 



See our review In the April. '85, 80 Micro or send $ 1 .00 
for our complete product information package. 




Circle 186 on Reader Service card. 



*tf 



to 



s 



PROfix'lll™ 



A<? RESTRUCTURE & TRANSFER 



*V V 



For PROFILE PLUS 
Model I I/I 2 



ry UTILITY 

* $49.95 

For PROFILE* III PLUS t0 ^ ^ 
Model 1 1 1/4 f^- s 

Needs change — Experience leaches — and if you could redefine your data base 
today, you probably would change a few things — 
WEIL, NOW YOU CAN! 
PROfix'lll Provides you. as a user of Profile III Plus, with a powerful, easy- 
to-use package that allows you to reorganize your data base TO MEET 
TODAY'S NEEDS, and then moves your existing data into your new file struc- 

,ure ... ... 

• FEATURES 

• EASY TO USE -no special charts to fill out 

• FAST — assembly language speed 

• REARRANGE FIELDS-even across segments 

• DROP OR ADD FIELDS 

• CHANCE FIFID LENCTHS-R/l lustify data 

• CHANCE NUMBER OF SEGMENTS 

• CREATE SORTED FILE -drop deleted fields 

• LITERAL INSERTION-specified fields 

• COMPLETE USER MANUAL -with examples 

TO ORDER - SEND549 95/MODEI 1 1 1/4 

SFND S89.95/MODEL 1 1/1 2 

Plus $2 SO for Handling and Postage 

Check. M O . VISA/MC 

(for charge card, give expiration date, number) 

-To- 

BLUC fHDGE SOFTWAPt 

230 Chesterfield Road 

Lynchburg, VA 24502 

For phone orders or more information 

Call (804)2190574 *1 00 off on phone orders 1 

Virginia residents add 4% sales tax 

Most orders filled within 24 hours 

(allow 2 weeks for checks to clear) 

Profile. IRSDOS. are a registered trademark ol Tandy Corp 



LDOS is a registered trademark ol I ogu al System Inc 



PI EASE SPECIFY VERSION 



NEW PRODUCTS 




The Hard Drive Specialist Multiplexer for up to four computers. 



and prinLs a sales slip. 

Program options let you 
customize the program to suit 
your needs. For more informa- 
tion, contact APCA Systems. 
P.O. Box 978. Arbuekle. CA 
95912.916-476-3356. 
Circle 564 on Reader Service card. 

Channels of 
Communication 

The Hard Drive Specialist 
Multiplexer ($1,295) lets up to 
four Model I/LTJ/4 computers ac- 
cess one hard disk system un- 
der LDOS. TRSDOS 6.X. DOS- 
PLUS 3.5. or DOSPLUS 4.0. 

The multiplexer includes two 
host adapters and 40 feet of 
cable. Additional cabling and 
host adapters are available. 

Contact Hard Drive Special- 
ist. 16208 Hickory Knoll. 
Houston. TX 77059. 800-231- 
667 1 for more details. 
Circle 555 on Reader Service card 

RAM Expander 

Cryptonics Inc. offers an in- 
ternal expansion board that 
adds up to 64K to the Model 
100s RAM. The 32K CMOS 
static RAM chips plug into the 
Model 100s expansion bus 



and leave the adjacent ROM 
socket accessible. 

You can connect a disk/ 
video interface to the expan- 
sion bus without removing the 
board. The unit includes a bat- 
tery. The 64K board is $425. 
32K is S275. and a 32K 
upgrade is S200. 

Contact Cryptonics Inc. 
(11711 Coley Circle. Suite 7. 
Fountain Valley. CA 92708. 
714-540-1174) for more infor- 
mation. 
Circle 557 on Reader Service card. 

Mail Management 
Made Easy 

The Mailing List Software 
System from DHA Systems 
and Software (832 Jury Court. 
San Jose. CA 951 12. 408-947- 
1011) sorts, selects, and 
merges files to create per- 
sonalized form letters on MS- 
DOS and CP/M 80 systems. 

You can print mailing labels, 
master lists, or phone lists. 
The Mailing List sorts alpha- 





1 



w"***i 



Plug-In CMOS chips expand Mailings made easy on the 
Model 100 RAM to 96K. Model 1 000 or 1 2O0. 



120 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



NEW PRODUCTS 



Circle 476 on Reader Service card. 





The Star SB-10 features high-resolution graphics in text. 



betically by last name, com- 
pany, zip code, or reference 
code. The program also in- 
cludes a utility to eliminate 
duplicate names. Price is 
$79.95 plus $5 shipping. 
Circle 556 on Reader Senjtce card. 

Printer Deluxe 

Star Micronics' top-of-the- 
line SB-10 dot-matrix printer 
($949) produces high-resolu- 
tion graphics or text. The unit 
prints text at 60 or 144 charac- 
ters per second and easily 
combines graphics and text 

The SB-10 uses a 24-wire 
print head and features revers- 
ible paper feed, friction and 
tractor feed, and a one-line 
memory buffer (expandable to 
128K). It comes with a one- 
year warranty. 



Contact Star Micronics Inc. 
(200 Park Ave.. New York. NY 
10166) for more information. 
Circle 561 on Reader Service card 

Computing for 
Dollars 

Get Rich: Strategies is the 
first in a series of personal fi- 
nancial planning programs for 
MS-DOS computers from Ar- 
rays Inc/Continental Software 
(11223 S. Hindry Ave.. Los 
Angeles. CA 90045. 213-410- 
3977). 

The program teaches basic 
money management skills, 
and tailors financial plans to 
individual needs. It uses work- 
sheets for setting goals and 
determining net worth, calcu- 
lations for solving monetary 
problems, and graphs for an- 



w _*~ , **" — " 






tb ^ H 


8i< 




jgSS-^ 







Computerized finance strategies for the 1980s. 



MULTIDOS 60/64 • FOR THE MODEL 4 



New for your Model 4.. .A completely unique DOS..JMot 
a rehash of TRSDOS 6.. Mot just another Model HI 
DOS..A totaly redesigned operating system for your 
Model 4. 

■ flip between 64 and 80 characters on the screen; 32 and 40 
character widths also available 

■ runs Model III software 

■ use your extra 64K memory as a MEMDISK; automatically 
sets up MEMDISK as system disk, allowing use of the drive for 
a data disk 

■ for 4P owners, never load MODELIII/A file again! 

■ disk I/O code written for Model 4; get fewer errors than you 
get using a Model III DOS 

■ a much faster BASIC; many enhancements and debugging 
tools 

■ over 41000 free bytes of memory in BASIC 

■ runs BASIC programs written for the Model III in 64 char- 
acters, or easily modified to 80 characters 

■ write programs using 80 character screen, function keys, and 
extra memory 

■ keyboard returns an extended character set; user controllable 

■ includes all the new features in 1.7 MULTIDOS 

MULTIDOS 80/64 reads many disk formats, including all Model 
l/III DOS' and TRSDOS 6. If you're a Model III owner thinking 
about upgrading, this makes the transition easy. 
MULTIDOS 80/64 599.95 

NEW VERSION MULTIDOS FOR MODEL I/ID $89.95 

■ includes a MEMDISK - set aside part of memory as a disk file 

■ for double-sided drives, select either one or two volume 
operation 

■ handles 8 inch drives 

■ all the great features of 1.6, including compatiblity with all 
other DOS', plus many enhancements 

^™" ZEUS EDITOR/ASSEMBLER ■«■■ 

• supports undocumented Z80 op codes and standard pseudo-ops 

• really FAST assembly 

• intelligent error display - shows line number and file containing error, even when 
you don't print to screen 

• easy line editor won't let you enter incorrect syntax 

• remembers file name of source and object code: eliminates accidental overwrite 

• dynamic renumber; no more "no room between lines" 

• calculator mode gives answers in decimal, hex. and binary 

• GET command gets files from disk with lightening speed: handles big Hies so fast 
you'll think they're small 

• doesn't hog memory - lots of room for source code 

• easy block move ft duplication 

"pages" the screen backward ft forward for easy editing 

• reads and writes files in ASCII. EDTASM. and Zeus compressed format 

• Model 4 version supports 80x24 lines 

ZEUS for Model I. III. 4, or MAX-80 $79.95 

LAZY WRITER WORD PROCESSOR-— 

"I would give Lazy Writer my highest recommendation..." 
Stew Schneider in On-Line Today ^^ ^ 



Lazy 
Writer 



■ works with any printer 

• easy to learn - used in many schools 

• fast, easy-to-remember editing commands 

• Mod 4 version has SO character screen 

• powerful features for advanced users 

• good support - free user newsletter 

LAZY WRITER FOR MODEL I. III. OR 4 $124.95 

AlphaBit Communications, Inc. 

13349 Michigan Ave. 
Scall (313) 581-2896 Dearborn. Michigan 48126 

80 Micro, June 1985 • 121 



Circle 248 on Reader Service card. 



WE HAVE THE ANSWER! 



NEW PRODUCTS 



TRS-80 Moden6/6Q00 Accounting Software 

Business Answers For Serious Business 
The Programmer &. Associates 
Your Computer Professionals 



Xenix Multi-User Software 



Accounts Receivable 
General Ledger 
Inventory/ Invoicing 
Accounts Payable 
Payroll 
Job Costing 

$595 



• Purchase Orders 
•Order Entry 

$395 
•Moil List 

$195 
•Manufacturing Inventory 

$995 



Th 



(Modifications are available) CALL 



Programmer & 

Associates, Inc. 

10802 Forest Lane Suite 110 
Dallas Texas 75243 
1-214-341-9874 



US! 



Circle 384 on Reader Service card. 



J 



ATTENTION 

MODEL 4 
OWNERS 

(soon also available in MS-DOS!) 



? 



When You Bought Your Computer, Did You Want It To: 

KEEP records of a stock/option portfolio with automatic cal- 
culation and documentation of profit/loss and tax conse- 
quences, as well as profit projections and analysis? 

PREPARE a printed report of your whole year's income tax 
totals in up to 16 categories in TWO currencies in less than 
six minutes? 

REMIND you of all appointments for the year, including auto- 
matic memory of quarterly or annual events, such as anniver- 
saries, dividend dates, etc.? 

PROVIDE a telephone directory which includes a personal 
"yellow pages" and automatic mailing list? 

MAINTAIN a detailed inventory of household or other goods 
for insurance or other purposes? 

OFFER you financial projection programs such as compound 
interest and mortgage amortization schedules? 

BUT WERE YOU DISAPPOINTED WHEN. . . 
No single piece of software would do all that? 
You had to make multiple entries of the same data? 
You found out that data files of different programs were in- 
compatible? 

Practical Software's Money Organizer Plus, developed by peo- 
ple who share your needs, solves all these problems and more! 



ARACTICAL 
SOFTWARE 



For a free 8 page Comprehensive Brochure: 

186 Murray Drive 
Aurora, Ontario or call 

Canada L4G 2C5 416-727-4747 



The Intellimodem EXT lets you talk and transmit without 
redialing. 



alyzing investments over time. 
Get Rich includes an in- 
struction manual and a refer- 
ence book on financial plan- 
ning for $49.95. 
Circle 566 on Reader Service card. 

Think Modem 

Bizcomp Corp. (532 Mer- 
cury Drive. Sunnyvale. CA 
94086. 408-733-7800) has in- 
troduced the Intellimodem 
EXT 3O0-/1.2O0-baud modem. 

The unit is Hayes-compat- 
ible and features an LED bar 
graph display of line condition. 
Intellimodem senses a busy 
signal, dial tone, remote ring- 
ing, and voice. The EXT's 
Voice Insert capability lets you 



switch between voice and data 
transmission without redial- 
ing. Cost is $499. 
Circle 563 on Reader Service card. 

Oaken 
Accommodations 

The Dayton Classic oak 
computer work station ($449) 
provides computer storage 
space and a large desktop work 
area. The table top is 1-inch of 
solid oak measuring 48 by 30 
inches. 

The hutch (44 inches high 
by 12 inches deep) rests on the 
desk top and has compart- 
ments for a monitor, disks, and 
peripherals. Other features in- 
clude a locking storage cabinet 




The Dayton Classic work station has shelf space for your com- 
puter and peripherals. 



122 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



NEW PRODUCTS 



J 



Circle 282 on Reader Service card 




A switchless switchboxfor tandem printing. 



and angled foot rest. The pieces 
are also available separately. 

For more information, con- 
tact Dayton Continental Corp.. 
P.O. Box 1318. S. Bend. IN 
46624. 
Circle 565 on Reader Service card. 

Switch Printing 

The Model PS3625 Switch- 
less Switchbox ($119.95) lets 
you trasmit data simultane- 
ously to two printers. The unit 
attaches through the parallel 
port and automatically directs 
data to an activated printer. 

Switchbox switches auto- 
matically, so you can tuck the 
unit out of sight behind your 
computer. An ac adapter plug 
is included. 

For more information, con- 
tact The Printer Works. 1961 
Alpine Way. Hayward, CA 
94545.415-887-6116. 
Circle 567 on Reader Senice card. 

Granting Asylum 

Asylum ($39.95) is a three- 
dimensional high-resolution 
graphics adventure game for 
the Models 1000 and 1200. 



Graphics are animated so you 
can roam the halls of Asylum 
to view events. 

Asylum, short for Adventure 
Syndrome Leading to Ultimate 
Madness, pits you against 
guards, other inmates, puzzl- 
ing objects, and gurus as you 
seek to prove your sanity. The 
program understands full 
sentences and is available 
from Screenplay Intelligent 
Statements Inc. (1095 Airport 
Road. Minden. NV 89243. 
800-334-5470). 
Circle 571 on Reader Senice card. 

Learning About 
Money 

Money ($39.95) is a Model 
I/III/4 program that drills 
children in monetary skills. 
Students choose from four les- 
sons on pennies, nickels, 
dimes, quarters, half-dollars, 
and dollars. 

The program randomly gen- 
erates problems and gives pos- 
itive reinforcement for correct 
answers. It displays correct 
answers after three tries. Once 
students score a certain per- 



TRS-80 

m-:.f-c-: ?hc:m 



ALWAYS AT 
SALE PRICES 

WITH MANUFACTURERS 
WARRANTY (IN USA). 




80 Micro, June 1985 • 123 



Circle 331 on Reader Service card. 



LOG 

SUPERLOG and 

SUPERLOG 4 



KSoft' s Electronic Notebooks. Free-formet information manage- 
ment for the 90% of your information needs that won't fit into a 
data-base or spreadsheet. 1024 characters per page. Lightning 
fast search and retrieval. Interrupt activated and accessible while 
another program is running. 

A LOG or SUPERLOG Electronic Notebook is designed to replace 
your diary, address book, memo pad, card file, calendar, and 
scratch pad — so conveniently you wi use it al day long. Cal today 
for more information or immediate shipment. 



SUPERLOG 4 
SUPERLOG 3 
LOG 
LOG 



for Models 4 and 4P 
for I. III. 4 and 4P 
forModell 
for Model III 



TRSDOS6 $119.95 

LDOS5.1 $119.95 

TRSDOS 2.3 $ 49.95 

TRSDOS 1 .3 $ 49.95 



NEW PRODUCTS 



KSoft Inc. 

31 B Lakeside Drive 
Brandon. MS 39042 



(601 ] 992-2239 CIS 70075. 1 37 

MasterCard or Visa accepted 

Add $5.00 for shipphg and handling 

Dealer inquiries welcome 



(TRSDOS is a trademark ol Tandy Corporation) 
(LDOS is a trademark ot Logical Systems Inc.) 



Circle 213 on Reader Service card. 




INCREASE 

KEYBOARD 

SPEED! 

Tandy gave HyperTyper " a 

• • • • rating for both 
TRS-80 and Tandy 2000 

for only $29.95 

• HyperTyper* is a complete software program 
designed to help you make the most of your computer. 

• HyperTyper* is under your control— you go at your 
own speed; not at the program's demand. 

• HyperTyper* uses real words, sentences and 
paragraphs, not nonsense syllables. 

• Although the text is light-hearted and fun, HyperTyper* 
is not a game, but a serious, powerful teaching tool. 

• This is a flexible, easy-to-learn and easy-to-use 
program that can aid everyone from novices to 
advanced typists. 

STANDARD SOFTWARE 

15930 S.W. Colony Place 

Portland, Oregon 97224 

To order by Visa/Mastercard call 

1400-547-3000 ask for Dept. 810 

In Oregon and outside USA call 

1-503484-3000 (Dept 810) 

TRS-80 & Tandy 2000 registered trademarks of Tandy 




Learn Basic with a flash of this card. 



centage correct, they can play 
an arcade game. 

The program also includes a 
student management system 
that tracks scores of up to 200 
students. Money is available 
with a back-up disk for $54.95. 

For more information, con- 
tact Gamco Industries Inc.. 
Box 1911. Big Spring. TX 
79721. 
Circle 569 on Reader Service card. 

Get It PFS:Right 

The Complete PFS:Book. 
from Wordwarc Publishing 
Inc. (1104 Summit Ave., 
Piano. TX 75074. 214-423- 
0090) is an illustrated instruc- 
tion book on using and integrat- 
ing PFS:File. Report. Graph, 
Write. Proof, and Access. 

Commands appear alphabet- 
ically, and subjects are ar- 
ranged in short modules for 
easy comprehension. The 
book includes practical ex- 
amples and illustrations, and 
is $19.95 in softcover. 
Circle 573 on Reader Service card. 

Basic Basics 

Micro Logic Corp.'s Micro 
Chart *12. 15-Minute Basic, is 
a quick way to write Basic pro- 
grams. Designed for new pro- 
grammers, the two-sided, col- 



ored plastic card uses simple 
language and illustrations to 
get you programming. 

The card covers statements, 
variables, formulas, strings, 
arrays, functions, and includes 
program examples. Micro 
Chart *4. Algorithms, is avail- 
able for more advanced Basic 
programmers. 

Charts are S5.95 each plus 
$1 postage from Micro Logic 
Corp.. Dept. P. P.O. Box 174. 
Hackcnsack. NJ 07602. 201- 
342-6518. 
Circle 56H on Reader Service card 

Remote Possibilities 

Analytical Comparisons 
Among Means: The First De- 
gree (ANCOM/TFD, $99.95) 
performs commonly over- 
looked statisucal tests on the 
Models I. II. III. 4. 12. 16, 1000. 
1200. and 2000. 

Tests include planned and 
post-hoc contrasts, trend anal- 
yses, simple effects analyses, 
and several multiple compar- 
ison tests. The package also 
performs analyses of variance 
on complete and incomplete 
factorial designs. 

Contact Scilab Inc.. Box 614. 
Buiderland. NY 12084. 518- 
355-3363 for more information. 
Circle 575 on Reader Service card 



124 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



NEW PRODUCTS 



DIFFERENT TRACK 




Finally, a computer that won't byte. 

The Computer Friend 

Building a friendship with a computer is easy with Winkle, 
a $4.99 computer chip with a gold circuitry face and LED eyes 
that blink. You can wear Winkle as a pin or earring. Ask him a 
question and his red and green eyes flash. 

By touching different parts of the chip, you can make 
Winkle flash green or red. Winkle is 1 inch square and comes 
with a user's guide that includes a biography and instructions 
for basic chip care. 

For more information, contact Xtronix Corp. at 540 Howard 
St.. San Francisco. CA 94105. 415-777-1419. 
Circle 560 on Reader Service card. 





New Products Index 




Number 


Company 


Page 


554 


American Business Lists Inc. 


118 


564 


APC A Systems 


118 


566 


Arrays Inc/ContinentaJ Softwarr 


121 


559 


Avaktn Hill Game Co. 


118 


563 


Blzcomp Corp. 


122 


557 


CryptonJcsInc. 


120 


565 


Dayton Continental Corp. 


122 


556 


DHA Systems and Software 


120 


569 


Gamco Industries Inc. 


123 


555 


Hard Drive Specialist 


120 


568 


Micro Logic Corp. 


124 


552 


NEC Information Systems Inc. 


118 


553 


Powersoft Products 


118 


551 


Practical Software 


118 


567 


The Printer Works 


123 


575 


Sdlablnc. 


124 


571 


Screenplay Intelligent 






Statements Inc. 


123 


561 


Star Micronics Inc. 


121 


558 


Ultimate Software 


118 


573 


WordWare Publishing Inc. 


124 


560 


Xtronix Corp. 


125 


New Products listings are based on information sup- 


plied In manufacturers' press releases. 80 Micro has not 


tested or 


reviewed these products and cannot 


guar- 


antee any claims. 





Circle 281 on Reader Service card. 

If. 



DOUBLES DISKETTE CAPACITY! 

CUTS YOUR DISK COST 50%! 



Now! The back of 5V*" Diskettes 
can be used for data storage even 
with single head disk drives. 

• KtMUi't$Tar Tools make it easy. 

• Adds the Precise notch where it's needed. 

• Doubles Diskette Space or Money Back! 

NlltltLE NOTCH II 

Cuts square notch and W inch 

round "index hole." For use with 

TRS 80 I and III, Osborne, 

Kaypro, IBM and others 

needing an "index hole." 

$21.90 

add $2.00 each order P&H 

($5.00 foreign P&H) 

Florida residents add 5% Sales Tax 

SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR YOUR MONEY BACK! 

ORDER TODAY! 

Toll Free 1-800-642-2536 




Florida 305-493-8355 

or send Check or Money Order to 

Trmnwrrrrmirf 



Mo>tvrC<pTd 



T 



TrmnrnTTim 



4211 NW 75th TERRACE • DEPT. 2 • LAUOERHILL, FL 33319 



Circle 210 on Reader Service card. 



•7777777777777777777777777777777TT77 

SOFTWARE ACCESSORIES 



rr. 



ST0R-A-BIT 

Active storage for disks & 
cassettes, pens & pencils. At- 
taches easily to your computer 
or typewriter with enclosed 
velcrokit. $4.95 

y. DISKFILE 

Stores up to 50 disks vertically. 

Dust free protection with index 

dividers. 

Special $16.95 Save $3. 



CHEC KLIST 

T7T7T777777777777\ 



W SPECIAL OFFER: 
STORAGE PAK OFFER 

Includes: lDiskfile 
1 Stor-A-Bit 
10SS/DD Polar 
Diskettes 

Just $29.95 per pak- 

Save$9.90 

(add $2.50 for DS/DD) 



T777777777T7777777777777777777777777\ 

POLAR DISKETTES 



KPC 



5W SS/DD 
DS/DD 



Regulai 

Price 

Box of 10 

$17.95 
22 95 



SPECIAL 

PRICE 

BOX OF 10 

S1325 

15.95 



10-99 
BOXES OF 10 

(PER BOX OF 10) 

$12.50 
14.95 



100 & UP 

BOXES OF 10 

(PER BOX OF 10) 

$11.25 

13.50 



Manufacturer's Lifetime Warranty 

100% certified soft sectored with reinforced hubs 



7777777 

LAMBDA 

Box 756, Dover NH 03820 
Toll Free 1-800-258-7148 in NH 742-7717 
Credit Cards/Check/Money Order 
add S3. 00 shipping per order 
MONEY BACK GUARANTEE 



For Canadian Pricing 
& Orders, Call 
TRINETICSLTD 
1-800-267-4292 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 125 



Circle 82 on Reader Service card. 



$777 



NEW! 



v 




Comes complete with cable 
and choice of software driver* 

(CPM, LDOS, TRSDOS) 

10 Megabyte Hard Drive $w99 

15 Megabyte Hard Drive 1 09d 

30 Megabyte Hard Drive I 495 

SYSTEM FEATURES 

• For TRS-80 Model 3-4-4P 

• One Year Parts & Labor Warranty 

• Size Rated After Format 

• Continuous Duty Power Supply 

• Error Checking & Correcting 

• Continuous Duty Fan 
•Size 11.5" x 12.5" x 5.0" 

• All Contacts Gold Plated 



•Mod* 3 raqurw LDOS 

Moo* 4 rw**M TRSDOS 6.2 or MonMzum* More CP/M 2.2 



5 MEG 
HARD 
DRIVE 



There are firms which offer benefits, experience or products seemingly 
too good to be true. Now why would you want to expose yourself to 
unhappiness when Aerocomp has a proven record of thousands of 
happy, satisfied TRS-80 customers. Just take a minute to look through 
back issues of this magazine. You won't find many companies that have 
been around as long as Aerocomp. We fully support TRS-80 computers 
and most all operating systems including CP/M 2.2. Aerocomp leads the 
way to low hard disk prices so you can afford to enjoy the benefits 
of increased storage and faster disk I/O. These units are precision 
engineered, tested and delivered complete and ready to use, right from 
our stock. Each unit is guaranteed for one year parts and labor. You 
can count on us to be here if you should ever need us. As always, 
your satisfaction is assured with our 1 4 day free trial offer. If, for some 
reason, you are dissatified with our drive merely return it for a full refund 
(less shipping). How can you go wrong? Specify the software driver of 
your choice and start enjoying your computer's real capability. Do it 
today! Call our toll-free number now! 



MODEL I 

DOUBLE DENSITY BOARD 

Add 80% more capacity to your disk 
system with the Double Density 
Controller (DDC) from Aerocomp. 

The Story 

Some products have what it takes to seem to last forever. Our "DDC" is 
one of those products. What it does is allow you to operate your TRS-80 
Model 1 disk system in double density. In this case double density means 
almost doubling the storage capacity of your diskettes. Single density, thats 
the way Radio Shack designed your Model I expansion interface, organizes 
your disk into 10 sectors per track. Each sector contains 256 bytes of data 
for a total storage capacity of 2,560 bytes or 2.5K per track times the number 
of tracks your drive is capable of adressing. Double density, on the other 
hand, writes 18 sectors per track each containing 256 bytes for a total of 
4,608 bytes or 4.5K. That is 80% more data in the same space. Why didn't 
Radio Shack do that in the beginning, you ask? Well it costs money to do 
double density because it is more difficult to do than single density and the 
data is harder to capture reliably. That means more cost and the Model I 
was meant to be a low-cost computer for the masses. Therefore, no double 
density for the original Model I. 

The Facts 

Other companies introduced double density controllers for the Model I but 
they were not so good. We waited and waited but, even new models failed 
to correct problems with data separation that kept cropping up. So we went 
to work and came up with a new design to cure the old problem. At last! 
A double density controller for the Model I with a higher probability of data 
recovery than with any other double density controller on the market then 
or since. Our analog design phase lock loop data separator has a wider 
capture window than the digital types the others use. This allows high 
resolution data centering. Our "DDC" analog circuit allows infinately variable 
tuning. The attack and settling times are optimum for 5.25" diskettes. The 
oft-stated fears of adjustment problems rumored by digital dilettantes have 
been proved groundless by thousands of satisfied users the world over. The 
bottom line here is state-of-the-art performance and reliability. 



See opposite page II II II 



Copyright 1965 




ynutttt^fJtU 




aW 



•■•v'VA -•-«"• 



\ 



ORDER YOURS TODAY 

TRS-80 Model I disk system owners who are ready for reliable double density 
operation will get 80% more storage per diskette; single and double density 
data separation with far fewer disk I/O errors; single density compatibility; 
simple plug-m operation. You will need a disk operating system that has the 
necessary double density software. All the popular DOS's (except TRSDOS) 
have the drivers. We have put together two special packages in the event 
you don't already have one of the more popular DOS's. 

Ptim «M U tunOng > «Nppmg 

"DDC" by itself $99 

"DDC" and LDOS 159 

"DDC" and NEWDOS 80 2.0 ....179 



126 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Circle 82 on Reader Service card. 



[^40 Track 
& 80 Track 
\y Single Head 
cT Dual Head 
c^-Bare 
<y Complete 
& Full Size 
\3> Half Size 



DISK 
DRIVES 



Aerocomp leads the way to the BEST value in disk drives and related peripheral products 
on the market today. Sound engineering, high performance, quality construction, no-hsk 
free trial, outstanding warranty service and a reputation for doing the right thing make 
your decision to buy Aerocomp the correct one. Please look over our offerings and 
make your selection. When you have made your choice call our toll-free number and 
place your order. If you need assistance in making your selection, please call our 
information number. It's listed in the box at the bottom of this ad along with the technical 
assistance number for those of you who want to get right to the nitty-gritty. Thanks, 
we all appreciate your business and will continue to do our very best to support 
you. 



BARE DRIVES *«ws*h 

These drives are completely __ ^m 

bumed-in and tested for your I jgjgj H 
ultimate satisfaction. Add that I flfl H 
extra drive today! These are new I W^M H 
factory drives. No Hems, seconds ■ ^M ■ 
or doseouts. Instruction manual included at no 
extra cost. Service manuals are available. See 
"Miscellaneous Goodies" for info. 

40tk SS fun size Tandon TM100-1 $129 

40tk OS full size Tandon TM100-2 169 

40tk SS half high TEAC FD55-A 129 

40tk OS half high TEAC FD55-B 169 

80tk DS full size Tandon TM101-4 289 

80tk DS half high TEAC FD55-F 239 

8" SS Thinline Tandon TM848-1E 260 

8" DS Thinline Tandon TM848-2E 335 



8" FLOPPY DRIVES *»si 2 s*h 



■ 



These 8" Thinline drives work 
with the Model 2 and 16 plus 
others that use standard 
drives. The rugged afl-steel 
cabinet has an extra heavy 
duty power supply rated for continuous operation. 
A removeable air filter allows only dean air to 
circulate. Cabinets with single drives are supplied 
with a blank panel to cover the unused space. A 
second drive can be added at any time. Service 
manuals are available. See "Miscellaneous 
Goodies" for info. 

1-8" SS Tandon TM848-1E & case $389 

2-8" SS Tandon TM848-1ES & case 649 

1-8" DS Tandon TM848-1E & case 439 

2-8" DS Tandon TM848-2ES & case 699 



MISCELLANEOUS GOOOIES sz sm 

Model 1 TRSDOS 2.3 disk & manual $25 

Model 3 TRSDOS 1.3 disk & manual 25 

Model 4 TRSDOS 6.2.x disk & manual 20 

LDOS (specify Model I or III) 69 

NEWDOS 80 v2.0 (spedfy Model I or III) 99 

Montezuma Micro Model 4 CP/M 2.2 169 

Tandon TM100-1/2 Service Manual 20 

Tandon TM848-1/2 Service Manual 20 

TEAC FD55A/B/F Service Manual 20 

10 SSDD disks in library box. Lifetime Guar .16 
10 DSDO disks in likrary box. Lifetime Guar .19 

5.25" drive power supply & enclosure 59 

8" drive pwr spry 4 end w/fan 5V-24V 150 

5.25" irdrive cable, a nice length 19 

5.25" 2-drive cable, a 44 mcher 24 

5.25" 3-drive cable, just the right size 29 

5.25" 4-drive cable, the top dog 34 

5.25" Extender cable with gold contacts 10 



COMPLETE DRIVES ***s»h 

Fits TRS-80 Models 1 .3,4 and the ■■ 

Color Computer plus the others ^H 

that use standard drives. The drive j^H 

of your choice is mounted in a ^^ 

sturdy. aM-steel cabinet. An external gold plated 
drive connector allows cabling without disassembly 
of the cabinet. Half-high drives come in a full-size 
cabinet that will hold and power our half-high 
drives. Single drives have a panel covering the 
unused space allowing a second drive to be added 
at any time. All are shipped fully assembled ready 
to use. Specify silver or white enclosure 

40tk Single Side full size (TM100-1) $169 

40tk Double Side full size (TM100-2) 199 

80tk DS fun size (TM101-4) 299 

1-40tk SS half-high FD-55A in dual case 169 

2-40tk SS half-high FD-55A's in dual case. ..319 

1-40tk DS half-high FD-55B in dual case 199 

2-40tk DS half-high FD-55B s in dual case .359 

1-80tk DS half-high FD-55F in dual case 219 

2-80tk DS half-high FD-55F's in dual case. .389 



FREE TRIAL OFFER 

Use your Aerocomp hardware product for up to 14 days 
It you are not satisfied for ANY REASON (except misuse, 
damage or improper handling), return it (insured) in trie 
original shipping container for a full purchase price refund. 
less shipping Sorry, this offer does not apply to 
software. Detective software win bo replaced. Any 
hardware/software specials will be prorated and the 
software will be charged at the regular unbundled price. 
We have confidence in our products and we know you wis 
be satisfied 

WARRANTY 

We offer a one year warranty on parts and labor against 
defects in materials and workmanship. In the event service 
become s necessary for any reason you will find our service 
Department fast, Wendy and cooperative. We want to keep 
you happy. Out of warranty repairs are also available. 

100% BURN-IN and TEST 

All our products are bumed-in and futy tested prior to 
shipment We want you to receive an item ready-to-go 
AEROCOMP means refcac*ty! 

ORDER NOW1 

Can our tee-free number service and place your order. Have 
your American Express. Mastercharge or Visa number 
ready. We wi not charge your card until the day we ship 
your order You may order by mail using your credit card, 
check or money order Personal and company checks are 
welco m e and cause no shipping delay as long as they are 
bank printed and the signature exactly agrees with the 
name printed on the check. We wi ship surface COD with 
no deposit but all COD'S require cash or a cashier's check 
on delivery. Texas residents add 6% State Sales Tax. No 
tax collected on out of state shipments. Canadian 
addre sses add $20 to your order If over $550 for customs 
documentation. 



TRS-80 Model III & 4 

DISK CONTROLLER 

and 

DRIVE KITS 



Convert your cassette Model III or 4 to 
disk operation with one of our complete 
kits. You receive our own advanced disk 
controller board with gold plated edge 
contacts capable of 4-drive operation; 
our own power supply; plated steel 
mounting towers complete with RFI 
shield plus all the cables and hardware 
necessary. Detailed instructions are 
included. All you need is a screwdriver 
and a pair of pliers. System kits come 
with 40 track single-side drives or just 
order the basic kit and pick the drives 
you want from the selection in the next 
column. 

CONTROLLER KIT $199 

(Everything you mad - Ian drtvet/OOS) 

1 DRIVE SYSTEM 319 

2 DRIVE SYSTEM 439 

Add M s»h 
MOUNTING KIT & 
POWER SUPPLY 95 

Add $8 S*H 

CONTROLLER BRD. ONLY ..110 
RS-232 BOARD & KIT 69 

Add *4 S4H 



OUR FAMOUS 

MODEL I STARTER 

PACKAGE 



If you nave a Model I and an Expansion 
Interlace this is what you need to get started 
with disks. Included is one 40 track single-side 
disk drive complete with matching silver case 
and power supply, a 2-drive cable, a TRSDOS 
2.3 disk operating system and TRSDOS 
manual plus all insurance and delivery charges 
to your door (lower 48 states). 



Yours for only 



$199 



You can add our renown "DOC" double 
density controller to either the Radio Shack or 
the LNW Expansion Interface for 80% more 
storage capacity on your drive. Order it at the 
same time as our starter package above and 
we'll pay the shipping. Go ahead, you deserve 
increased density. See the opposite page for 
the latest technical details. 

$99 



CALL TOLL-FREE 

800-527-3582 USA 
800-442-1310 texas 

For inquiries or information 

or to check on or change an order 

call 214-339-8324 

Ac3GCGIi1? 

Redbird Airport, Bldg. 8 
P.O. Box 24829 
Dallas, TX 75224 



80 Micro, June 1985 • 127 



ASK TANDY 



Why Tandy Goes 
Undercovered 



Send your questions dealing specifi- 
cally with Tandy policies, products, or 
services, to Ask Tandy. 80 Micro. 80 
Pine St.. Peterborough. NH 03458. A 
representative at Tandy's Fort Worth. 
TX. headquarters supplies all re- 
sponses published here. 

9 # To read 80 Micro, you'd think Ra- 
• dio Shack computer owners 
really exist. But the business press 
rarely mentions Tandy computers. 
Why? 

A a We suspect a couple of factors. 
• First. Tandy doesn't participate 
in the "great war for shelf space.'' and 
several journalists have told me that's 
what makes news. Tandy sells its prod- 
ucts through its own stores. 

Second, we've had "Radio Shack " on 
our computers, and that's the name of 
a retailer. We believe some publica- 
tions felt that by talking about Radio 
Shack computers, they were giving a 
retail chain free publicity. The Tandy 
brand name should eliminate that 
problem. 

At any rate, we're getting quite a lot 
of coverage lately in the trade press, 
compared to what we got a year or two 
ago. We think the situation's getting 
better. 

9 # Why don't you produce a 64K 
• dual-drive Model 4 in a Model 4P 
configuration, with the 4P's detached 
keyboard and the 4"s 12-inch screen? 

A # The Model 4 doesn 't have a de- 
mtached keyboard for two rea- 
sons. First. Model I owners wanted us 
to "put it all in one box and get rid of 
all the cables. " Second, schools are big 
Model 4 customers, and they prefer at- 
tached keyboards that can 't wander off. 
A 12-inch screen would compromise 
the 4P's transportability. We just don't 
think a hybrid Model 4 would have 
wide enough appeal. 

9 # The Tandy 1000 is a nice prod- 
• uct. but it seems to be an extrav- 
agant PCjr. The jr is also PC-compatible, 
but it's less expensive than the 1000. Do 
the 1000's extra features merit a higher 
price? How compatible is the Tandy 
1000 with thejr? 



A m The Tandy 1000 was designed 
• to run PC software. At the same 
time. Tandy made every attempt to 
make it jr-compatible. too. I wouldn't 
call the 1000 an extravagant jr at all: 1 
might say it's what thejr should have 
been. The jr's memory is limited to 
512K; the 1000 expands to 640K. The 
1000 uses PC-compatible expansion 
cards up to 10 inches long. Thejr runs 
at half the speed of the PC and lacks a 
direct memory access chip (for faster 
processing), which the 1000 acquires 
with expansion to 256K. 

The bottom line is that the Tandy 
1000 is a business machine, which, be- 
cause of its low price, is also practical 
for home use. The price seems to cause 
people to compare the 10O0 to a jr. but 
it's really a full IK'. -compatible unit. 

9 # I own a Model 4. and I hate having 
• the @ key function as a control 
key. When I try to type the letter "P." 
I'm always hitting both the @ and P 
keys, which puts me in print mode. 
Couldn't you put a stronger spring un- 
der the @ key to prevent accidentally in- 
voking a command? Sounds like a 
simple and inexpensive hardware solu- 
tion to me. 

A 9 You're right, the Model 4's key- 
• board probably doesn 't have the 
world's best layout. We had to keep the 
@ key active as a control key to main- 
tain software compatibility with the 
Mcxiel HI in some cases. We inherited 
that problem from the Model 1. in fact. 
I don 't know whether we can Install a 
stiffer spring, but I'll pass your sugges- 
tion on to the product manager. 

99 It seems to me that bar codes 
• would be an ideal way to distrib- 
ute programs. Your Models 100 and 200 
have bar code reading capability, and 
one magazine prints program listings in 
bar code. I just bought a Tandy 1000, 
and I'd like to be able to use bar codes. 
Will Tandy produce a bar code reader for 
the 1000?" 

A m Program listings in current bar 
• code formats take a tremendous 
amount of space. And the listings' print 
quality is critical: I've tried download- 
ing with less than 100 percent success. 



But you're right: it's an interesting way 
to format listings. And if you have a 
graphics-capable printer, you could list 
your programs in bar code format and 
reload them with a wand. We're con- 
sidering a bar code system for com 
puters other than the 100/200. but 
we've reached no dei-ision. Thanks for 
the input. 

9 # I have a Model III that I've in- 
tended to upgrade to a Model 4. 
Now that you've made lots of changes in 
the line and lowered the 4/4P's price, 
why haven't you lowered the conversion 
cost for me? It would cost me more than 
SI. 540 with installation. 

Al Unfortunately, even though we 
mhave lowered the prices of up- 
grade kits, their combined cost is still 
more than that of a new Model 4. The 
$799 III/4 upgrade assumes you al- 
ready have a disk-based Model III. It 
upgrades everything but your drive, 
cabinet, and monitor. There's a new 
power supply, for example. (However, 
we have to furnish another power sup- 
ply with the cassette-to-disk kit.) It's 
these duplications that make the up- 
grade path you're considering very ex- 
pensive. The kits have to cover the 
most requested upgrades. We just can t 
economically cover every possible com- 
bination. 

90 I've experienced long delays 
• when ordering products through 
my Computer Center. I read somewhere 
that when a salesperson orders an item 
from Fort Worth in the customer's 
name. Tandy fills the order quicker than 
when the order is in the store's name. Is 
this true? 

A^f think you're confusing two 
• classes of merchandise. Tandy 
lets stores stock only certain products. 
We ship stockable merchandise to 
stores at specific intervals. So. if you 
place an order just after one shipment 
goes out. you'll have to wait until we 
ship the next batch. 

On the other hand, if a store orders an 
unstockable item for a customer, we ship 
it within 24 hours of the order's reaching 
Fort Worth. That's the difference. ■ 



128 • 80 Micro, June 1985 



Circle 101 on Reader Service card 




Select any one of seven tests to perform 
preventive maintenance or to isolate problems. 
Simple, single-letter commands make MM easy 
to use! Use MM to align the head, adjust the 
index hole detector, or adjust the speed. 



Use the MM Radial Ali 

head alignment of your drives. No need for an 

oscilloscope or other expensive test equipment! 



19*3 J4MSy«*»mi, Ltd 



SPEED SCOPE 



J70 WO »0 . . 300 . . . . 110 MO 330 



Onva ■ Haad - Track ■ 00 



D-SaMct any* S Start atop dfiwi a -Raturn lo main i 
Entar MkJCtion - 



Check the motor speed of your drives. Or, you 
can even use the Speed Test to adjust the drive 
speed. No need for any test equipment! 




igUJtMSyttomt. Lid 



QUICK TEST 
Spaadiaal 

Indai hola timing laal 
Radial allonmar.! imI 
Ajimuth rotation laat 
Hyataraaia laat 



O-Saiacl drlva S-Slart atop dr'va c -Raturn tor 
Entar aalactlon - 



. - 



PROTECT YOUR DATA. 

Now you can make sure your data is being 
recorded properly by the use of the revolutionary 
Memory Minder. 

The Memory Minder from J & M Systems, tests 
your disk's performance and calibration without 
any additional equipment! It measures your 
disk's performance and displays it on your 
screen. 

This is the most comprehensive disk diagnostic 
program available for your TRS-80 microcomputer. 
You can even adjust drive alignment while watchini 
the display! 



Use the Quick Test to quickly and automatically 
test five of the most important performance 
parameters of your drive. Monitor your drives 
for long term drift. Isolate problems quickly and 
automatically! 

TRS-80 Model HI/4 

1 - 48 tpi Single Side (Standard) 

2 - 48 tpi Double Side 

3 - 96 tpi Double Side SI 29 
Includes 48 tpi & 96 tpi program diskettes 

TRS-80 Model -I 

1 - 48 tpi Single Side Single Density 

TRS-80 Color Computer and TDP-100 

1 - 48 tpi Single Side (Standard) 

2 - 48 tpi Double Side 

MM also available for other models 
J & M SYSTEMS IS THE DRIVING FORCE! 



VA 



Spot problems before they endanger your data! 
If you own a disk drive, you need the Memory 
Minder! [ 



J & M SYSTEMS, LTD. 

15100 A CENTRAL SE 

ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87123 

505/292-4182 



Circle 9 on Reader Service card. 



Introducing the Most Powerful 
Business Software Ever! 



TRS-80- (Model I, II, III, or 16) • APPLE" • IBM" • OSBORNE '"• CP/M*"* KAYPRO' 



«** 



eoidBOUVBScm 




eS/ 



The versaBusiness" Series 



Each VERSABUSINESS module can be purchased and used independently, 
or can be linked in any combination to form a complete, coordinated business system. 



VERSARECEIVABLES" $99.95 

VERSARECEIVABLES'" is a complete menu-driven accounts receivable, invoicing, and 
monthly statement generating system. It keeps track of all information related to who 
owes you or your company money, and can provide automatic billing for past due ac 
counts VERSARECEIVABLES" prints all necessary statements, invoices, and summary 
reports and can be linked with VersaLedGER II'" and VersaINVENTORY*". 

VERSAPAYABLES" $99.95 

VERSARWABU i'-d to keep track of current and aged payables, keeping you 

in touch with all information regarding how much money your company owes, and to 
whom \A.HSaPayabi_L5* maintains a complete record on each vendor, prints checks, 
check registers, vouchers, transaction reports, aged payables reports, vendor reports, 
and more WithVLK: • vou can even let your computer automatically select 

which vouchers are to be paid 

VERSAPAYROLL" $99.95 

VERSA PAYROU" is a powerful and sophisticated, but easy to use payroll system that 
keeps track of all government-required payroll information Complete employee records 
are maintained, and all necessary payroll calculations are performed automatically, with 
totals displayed on screen for operator approval A payroll can be run totally, automati 
cally, or the operator can intervene to prevent a check Irom being printed, or to alter 
information on it. If desired, totals may be posted to the VERSALEDGFR IT" system. 

VersaInventory- $99.95 

Versa Inventory - " is a complete inventory control system that gives you instant access 
to data on any item > >kv keeps track of all information related lo whal 

items are in stock, out of stock, on backorder. etc , stores sales and pricing data, alerts 
you when an item falls below a preset reorder point, and allows you lo enter and print 
invoices directly or to link with the VERSARl i 1 1\ Mi. • -•system. VERSA l.v.l N :i iHV prints 
all needed invenltiry listings, reports ol items below reorder point, inventory value M 
ports, period and year to date sales reports, price lists, inventory checklists, etc. 

iCQKlPJTRQNICSi 

50 N. PASCACK ROAD, SPRING VALLEY, NY. 10977 



VersaLedger ir $149.95 

VERSALEDGER II'" is a complete accounting system that grows as your business 
grows. VERSALEDGER II'" can be used as a simple personal checkbook register, 
expanded to a small business bookkeeping system or developed into a large 
corporate general ledger system without any additional software. 

• VersaLedger IP" gives you almost unlimited storage capacity 

(300 to 10,000 entries per month, depending on the system), 

• stores all check and general ledger information forever. 

• prints tractor-feed checks. 

• handles multiple checkbooks and general ledgers. 

• prints 17 customized accounting reports including check registers, 
balance sheets, income statements, transaction reports, account 
listings, etc 

VersaLllxjlk ir* comes with a professionally wnt ten 160 page manual de 
signed for first-time users. The VersaLldger IP" manual will help you become 
quickly familiar with VERSALEDGER IP", using complete sample data files 
supplied on diskette and more than 50 pages of sample printouts. 



SATISFACTION GUARANTEED! 



Every VERSABUSINESS" module i* guaranteed tooutpertorm al! other .-ompetitive systems, 
and at a fraction o! their cost II you are not satisfied with any MRS A Bl SINFSS"* module, you 
may return it within 30 days for a refund Manuals for an^ VERSABUSINESS"" 'nodule may be 
purchased for S25 each, credited toward a later purchase of that module 
All CP M hased Computers must be equipped with Microsoft BASIC 
(MBASIC ui BASIC 801 



To Order: 

Write or call Toll-free (800) 431-2818 
(N.Y.S. residents call 914-425-1535) 



* add $3 for shipping m UPS areas 

• add $4 for CO D or non UPS areas 



* add $5 to CANADA or MSA ICO 

* add proper postage elsewhere 



DFAI FR INQUIRIES WFI COMF 

All prices and specifications subiect to change Delivery 



TRS 80 trademark Tandy Corp APPLE trademark Apple Corp IBM PC trademark IBM Corp OSBORNF trademark Osborne Corp. XEROX trademark Xerox Corp KAYPRO trademark Non Linear 

System* Inc TELEVIDEO trademark :....:■■ SyUamt,bx SANYO trademark Sanyo Corp NEC trademark NEC Corp DEC trademark Digital Equipment Corp - ZENITH I rademark Zenith Corp 

TI PROFESSIONAL COMPUTER trademark Texas Instalments Im SUPERBRAIN trademark Interrec Corp CP,M trademark Digital Research EPSTON trademark Epson Corp